专业英语八级模拟试卷284(题后含答案及解析)

专业英语八级模拟试卷284 (题后含答案及解析)

题型有：1. LISTENING COMPREHENSION 2. READING COMPREHENSION 3. GENERAL KNOWLEDGE 4. PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION 5. TRANSLATION 6. WRITING

PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)

SECTION A MINI-LECTUREDirections: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.

听力原文： Note-taking is a complex activity which requires a high level of ability in many separate skills. Taking your own notes will promote a deeper understanding of the content of the lecture. How to take notes? The general principle in note-taking is to reduce the language by shortening words and sentences. Today I’m going to analyze the four must important of these skills. Firstly, the student has to understand what the lecturer says as he says it. The student cannot stop the lecture in order to look up a new word or check an unfamiliar sentence pattern. This puts the non-native speaker of English under a particularly severe strain. Often—as We’ve already seen in a previous lecture—be may not be able to recognize words in speech which he understands straight away in print. He’ll also meet words in a lecture which are completely new to him. While he should, of course, try to develop the ability to infer their meaning from the context, be won’t always be able to do this successfully. He must not allow failure of this kind to discourage him however. It’s often possible to understand much of a lecture by concentrating solely on those points which are most important. But bow does the student decide what’s important? This is in itself another skill he must try to develop. It is, in fact, the second of the four skills I want to talk about today. Probably the most important piece of information in a lecture is the title itself. If this is printed or referred to beforehand the student should study it carefully and make sure he’s in no doubt about its meaning. Whatever happens he should make sure that be writes it clown accurately and completely. A title often implies many of the major points that will later be covered in the lecture itself. It should help the student therefore to decide what the main point of the lecture will be. A good lecturer, of course, often signals what’s important or unimportant. He may give direct signals or indirect signals. Many lecturers, for example, explicitly tell their audience that a point is important and that the student should write it down. Unfortunately, the lecturer who’s trying to establish a friendly relationship with his audience is likely on these occasions to employ a colloquial style. He might say such things as “This is, of course, the crunch” or “Perhaps you’d like to get it down”.

Although this will help the student who’s a native English-speaker, it may very well cause difficulty for the non-native English speaker. He’ll therefore have to make a big effort to get used to the various styles of his lecturers. It’s worth remembering that most lecturers aim give indirect signals to indicate what’s important. They either pause or speak slowly or speak loudly or use a greater range of intonation, or they employ a combination of these devices, when they say something important. Conversely, their sentences are delivered quickly, softly, within a narrow range of intonation and with short or infrequent pauses when they are saying something which is incidental. It is, of course, helpful for the student to be aware of this and for him to focus his attention accordingly. Having sorted out the main points, however, the student still has to write them down. And he has to do this quickly and clearly. This is, in fact, the third basic skill he must learn to develop. In order to write at speed most students find it helps to abbreviate. They also try to select only those words which give maximum information. These are usually nouns, but sometimes verbs or adjectives. Writing only one point on each line also helps the student to understand his notes when he comes to read them later. An important difficulty is, of course, finding time to write the notes. If the student chooses the wrong moment to write he may miss a point of greater importance. Connecting words or connectives may guide him to a correct choice here. Those connectives which indicate that the argument is proceeding in the same direction also tell the listener that it’s safe time to write “moreover,” “further more, “ also, “etc. are examples of this. Connectives such as “however,” “on the other hand” or never the less usually mean that new and perhaps unexpected information is going to follow. Therefore, it may, on these occasions, be more appropriate to listen. The fourth skill that the student must develop is one that is frequently neglected. He must learn to show the connections between the various points he’s noted. This can often be done more effectively by a visual presentation than by a lengthy statement in words. Thus the use of spacing, underlining, and of conventional symbols plays an important part in efficient note-taking. Points should be numbered, too, wherever possible. In this way the student can see at a glance the framework of the lecture.

Note-taking in Lectures For listeners, note-raking is an essential way to achieve better understanding of a lecture. It involves many separate skills, four of which will be analyzed here.I. Understand what (1)says. 【1】______ 1. severe strain:2 reasons —word (2)in speech. 【2】______ —new words 2. solution: concentrate on what are most important II. Sort out the main points. 1. focus on the title: write down the title (3)and completely. 【3】______ 2. be aware of signals of what is important or unimportant. signals indicating importance: — (4)【4】______ — speak slowly or loudly — use a greater range of intonation — employ a combination of the devices Signals (5)【5】______ — deliver sentences quickly, softly — use a narrow range of intonation — use (6)pauses 【6】______ III. Write down (7)quickly and clearly. 【7】______ 1. use abbreviation2. select words that give (8)(nouns, verbs, adjectives)【8】______3. write one point on each line4. find time to write (9)【9】______ IV. Show the connections between the various points the listeners has noted. 1. use spacing,

underlining, (10). 【10】______ 2. number points

1． 【1】

正确答案：the lecturer

2． 【2】

正确答案：recognition

3． 【3】

正确答案：accurately

4． 【4】

正确答案：pause

5． 【5】

正确答案：indicating unimportance

6． 【6】

正确答案：short or infrequent

7． 【7】

正确答案：the main points

8． 【8】

正确答案：maximum information

9． 【9】

正确答案：the notes

10． 【10】

正确答案：conventional symbols

SECTION B INTERVIEWDirections: In this section you will hear

everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.

听力原文：Tom: Kelvin, could you tell me something about the bars? I have never been to a bar. You see, Steve, my classmate has invited me to go to a bar tonight.Kelvin: I see. You know, the word “bar” means a room in a pub. We say the bar when we mean the part of that room where drinks are kept. Soon after you go into the pub, you’ll realize that nobody comes to the tables to take orders or money, instead, customers go to the bar to buy their drinks.Tom: I see. People will go to the bar directly to get their drinks and don’t wait for someone to come to take their orders.Kelvin: That’s right. People don’t queue at the bar, but they do wait till it’s their turn.Tom: Oh, how do I pay? I mean do I pay directly after I get the drink or do I have to wait till I am ready to leave like I do in a restaurant?Kelvin: It’s not the custom to pay for all your drinks when you’re ready to leave, instead you pay at the bar each time you get drinks. It helps if you’re ready to pay as soon as you’re served, and you’ll notice that many people wait with their money in their hands.Tom: I see. Do I have to give a tip?Kelvin: No. It’s not the custom to give a tip. It’s very common for friends to buy their drinks together in rounds. This means that each person takes a turn to buy drinks for everybody in the group. It’s faster and easier, both for you and for the person serving if drinks are bought in this way. Naturally you don’t have to have a drink in each round if you don’t want one.Tom: That’s interesting.Kelvin: When you’re looking for somewhere to sit, remember that people have to leave their seats to get drinks, etc., so an empty seat may not in fact be available to use. If you’re not sure whether a seat is free, ask someone sitting near if. When it’s time for another drink, people usually take their glasses back to the bar to be filled again. If you’re leaving, the friendly thing to do is to take your glasses back to the bar, thank the person who’s been serving you, and say “goodbye” or “goodnight”.Tom: Thank you, Kelvin. This helps me a lot. By the way, what kind of drinks are available in pubs? Kelvin, Well, you can get both alcoholic and non-alcoholic. Besides alcoholic drinks such as beer and wine, there is cider, which is made from apples, usually sold in bottles, port—a type of thick, sweet wine from Portugal, sherry, which is a type of wine from Spain, and spirits—these are a kind of strong alcoholic drinks such as whisky and brandy.Tom: What about non-alcoholic? I don’t drink alcohol.Kelvin: Well, they offer all kinds of fruit juices, such as orange and tomato. These drinks are usually sold in small bottles. And soft drinks,’ we often call sweet drinks, like Coke and Fanta. They are normally sold in small bottles or cans. And lemonade, which is a clear and sweet drink made with carbonated water. They also serve cordials.Tom: What are cordials?Kelvin: Cordials are strong and sweet drinks tasting of fruit, such as lime cordial, black-currant cordial. ;I’hey are often added to other drinks or drunk with water.Tom: I don’t like sweet drinks. Are there any other non-alcoholic drinks?Kelvin: Yes, mineral water, but it’s not available in all pubs.Tom: Kelvin, one more question. What is VAT? I saw this on most goods in Britain?Kelvin: Well, VAT

stands for Value Added Tax. The price shown on most goods in Britain includes a tax of 15%. If you use the Retail Export Scheme this tax can be returned to you if you take the goods with you when you leave Britain. You may have to spend a certain sum of money before you qualify for the scheme, and you’ 11 have to show your passport. Ask in the shop if they operate the Retail Export Scheme. If they do, the shop assistant will explain how you can get the tax back and fill in a form with you. VAT is also charged on hotel, restaurant bills, theatre, cinema tickets and car hire.Tom: Are these refundable?Kelvin: No, it’s not refundable in these cases.Tom: Thank you very much. I really learned a lot.

11． According to Kelvin, which of the following is TRUE? A．Customers go to the bar to buy their drinks. B．Customers have to queue for drinks at the bar.

C．Customers have to wait for someone to take their orders.

D．A waitress normally comes to the tables to take orders or money.

正确答案：A

12． Which of the following is TRUE of the service at a bar? A．A customer has to tip the waitress.

B．A customer has to pay each time he gets drinks.

C．A customer has to pay for all the drinks when he is leaving.

D．A customer has to sit at the table to wait for their turn to be served.

正确答案：B

13． The following are served in pubs EXCEPT ______. A．alcoholics B．spirits C．fruit juices D．milk

正确答案：D

14． According to Kelvin, cordials refer to ______. A．carbonated water B．soft drinks

C．strong and sweet drinks D．mineral water

正确答案：C

15． Which of the following is NOT TRUE of VAT?

A．VAT is the acronym of Value Added Tax.

B．VAT is a tax charged on most goods in Britain. C．VAT is not charged on different services in Britain.

D．A foreigner can get VAT back when he leaves Britain under the Retail Export Scheme.

正确答案：C

SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTDirections: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.

听力原文： Indonesian prosecutors have asked judges to sentence the son of former President Suharto to 15 years in prison for the murder of a judge. Some legal groups say they are surprised by what they consider a request so lenient sentence. Prosecutors say they decided against demanding a harsher sentence against Hutomo Mandala Putra, known as Tommy Suharto. Prosecutors say he is young and has a family to support. They also say he has been well-behaved in court. Mr. Suharto is accused of ordering the murder of a Supreme Court judge, a crime that carries a maximum sentence of death. A verdict is expected to be handed down in about a month. But some legal experts say the requested sentence is too light. Tommy Suharto is accused of masterminding the murder of Justice Syafiuddin Kartasasmita. The justice had sentenced Mr. Suharto to 18 months in prison for corruption, but that conviction was later overturned. Mr. Suharto fled after his conviction in 2000 and eluded authorities for more than a year. Analysts think it is likely he had the assistance of corrupt members of Indonesia’s police or armed forces.

16． Which of the following statements about the case is TRUE?

A．Tommy Suharto was sentenced to 15 years in prison for the murder of a judge.

B．Prosecutors have decided against demanding a harsher sentence. C．The verdict will be handed down in a week’s time.

D．Some legal experts doubt about Tommy Suharto’s honesty.

正确答案：B

17． In 2000, Tommy Suharto was convicted for A．murder. B．dishonesty. C．corruption. D．bribery.

正确答案：C

听力原文：A researcher at the University of Rochester in New York has found that workers exposed to high levels of lead on the job have an increased risk of dying from brain cancer. Epidemiologist Edwin van Wijngaarden looked at data about more than 300, 000 people over a nine-year period, comparing the kinds of jobs they had with their causes of death, and he saw a correlation. Mechanics are among the workers more likely to develop deadly brain tumors due to occupational lead exposure. He says, automobile and heavy equipment mechanics, painters and welders-who were more likely to be exposed to lead for longer periods of time-had even higher risks of developing brain cancer than workers unexposed to lead. Most research on lead has focused on its effect on children. Van Wijngaarden says not much is known about its impact over a lifetime. Wijngaarden found only 119 brain tumor deaths. He is continuing his research, looking now at patients who already have brain tumors, to see whether they have higher levels of lead in their bones than other patients.

18． Who are NOT mentioned as people more likely to be exposed to lead? A．Automobile mechanics. B．Painters. C．Waiters.

D．Heavy equipment mechanics.

正确答案：C

19． Wijngaarden will further focus his research on whether

A．there is a definite relationship between high levels of lead and death. B．the patients with brain tumors have higher levels of lead in their bones. C．some workers have higher risks of developing brain cancers than others. D．higher levels of lead have a long-term effect on children over a lifetime.

正确答案：B

听力原文： President Bush says America needs to focus on research and developing in a renewable energy sector to decrease the nation’s addiction to foreign oil. Speaking at a federally funded research laboratory in Colorado, the President said American should embrace hybrid vehicles and alternative fuel sources such as corn-based ethanol. The President also said the US needs to pursue nuclear, solar and wind energy. Mr. Bush blamed the conflicting messages on the appropriation’s process. He said US reliance on oil from nations with unstable governments or regimes that have fundamental differences with the United States, is a national security issue. “The demand for oil is rising faster than the supply of oil. And anytime that happens, it creates the conditions for what could be price disruption, and price spites at home are like hidden taxes on the working people of our country. “During his State of the Union speech to Congress last month, the President called for measures to

reduce US oil imports from the Middle East by 75 percent during the next two decades.

20． All of the following are measures suggested by Bush EXCEPT A．developing and utilizing new sources of energy. B．reducing taxes on the working people of the US.

C．encouraging to design and create new types of vehicles. D．cutting down US oil imports from certain countries.

正确答案：B

PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.

“Leave him alone” I yelled as I walked out of the orphanage gate and saw several of the Spring Park School bullies pushing the deaf kid around. I did not know the boy at all but I knew that we were about the same age, because of his size. He lived in the old white house across the street from the orphanage where I lived. I had seen him on his front porch several times doing absolutely nothing, except just sitting there making funny like hand movements. In the summer time we didn’t get much to eat for Sunday supper, except watermelon and then we had to eat it outside behind the dining room so we would not make a mess on the tables inside. About the only time that I would see him was through the high chain-link fence that surrounded the orphanage when weate our watermelon outside. The deaf kid started making all kinds of hand signals, real fast like. “You are a stupid idiot!” said the bigger of the two bullies as he pushed the boy down on the ground. The other bully ran around behind the boy and kicked him as hard as he could in the back. Tile deaf boy’s body started shaking all over and he curled up in a ball trying to shield and hide his face. He looked like he was trying to cry, or something but he just couldn’t make any sounds. I ran as fast as I could back through the orphanage gate and into the thick azalea bushes. I uncovered my home-made bow which I had constructed out of bamboo and string. I grabbed four arrows that were also made of bamboo and they had Coca Cola tops bent around the ends to make real sharp tips. Then I ran back out of the gate with an arrow cocked in the bow and I just stood there quiet like, breathing real hard just daring either one of them to kick or touch the boy again. “You’re a dumb freak just like him, you big eared creep!” said one of the boys as he grabbed his friend and backed off far enough so that the arrow would not hit them. “If you’re so brave kick him again now,” I said, shaking like a leaf. The bigger of the two bullies ran up and kicked the deaf boy in the middle of his back as hard as he could and then he ran out of arrow range again. The boy jerked about and then made a sound that I

will never forget for as long as I live. It was the sound like a whale makes when it has been harpooned and knows that it is about to die. I fired all four of my arrows at the two bullies as they ran away laughing about what they had done. I pulled the boy up off the ground and helped him back to his house which was about two blocks down the street from the school building. The boy made one of those hand signs at me as I was about to leave. I asked his sister “If your brother is so smart then why is he doing things like that with his hands?” She told me that he was saying that he loved me with his hands. Almost every Sunday for the next year or two I could see the boy through the chain-link fence as we ate watermelon outside behind the dining room, during the summer time. He always made that same funny hand sign at me and I would just wave back at him, not knowing what else to do. On my very last day in the orphanage I was being chased by the police. They told me that I was being sent off to the Florida School for Boys Reform School at Marianna so I ran to get away from them. They chased me around the dining room building several times and finally I made a dash for the chain-link fence and tried to climb over in order to escape. I saw the deaf boy sitting there on his porch just looking at me as they pulled me down from the fence and handcuffed me. The boy, now about twelve jumped up and ran across San Diego Road, placed his fingers through the chain-link fence and just stood there looking at us. They dragged me by my legs, screaming and yelling for more than several hundred yards through the dirt and pine-straw to the waiting police car. All I could hear the entire time was the high pitched sound of that whale being harpooned again.

21． It can be inferred that the deaf boy’s life in the orphanage was A．simple and tranquil. B．monotonous and hard. C．quiet and enigmatic. D．boisterous and hard.

正确答案：B

解析：推断题。由题干中的orphanage定位至首段。末句提到了the deaf boy的生活:...doing absolutely nothing，except just sitting there making funny like hand movements，可见其生活单调。第二段首句提到In the summer time we didn’t get much to eat for Sunday supper，except watermelon，可见生活艰苦，B符合文意，故为答案。从几个孩子欺负the deaf boy这个情节来看，生活并不平静，排除 A和C。D中“喧闹的”也不符合文意。

22． It can be inferred from the passage that the author was all EXCEPT A．compassionate. B．dauntless. C．docile.

D．dexterous.

正确答案：C 解析：细节题。根据题目顺序定位至第三、四段。第四段描写作者看到the deaf kid受到欺负后的反应：I ran as fast as I could...uncovered my home-made bow...，可见他具有同情心，A符合文意。该段第二句指出...my home-made bow which I had constructed out of bamboo and string，说明作者手很灵巧，D符合文意。第五段中作者面对两个孩子的挑衅不为所动，坚持帮助the deaf kid，说明他很勇敢，B符合文意。只有C“驯服的、温顺的”没有根据，故为答案。

23． The author was ______ when he tried to protect the deaf kid against the two bullies.

A．about ten years old B．not quite about ten C．in his late teens D．in his twenties

正确答案：A

解析：推断题。根据题目顺序定位至第五段后内容，迅速浏览各段。因为首段第二句指出作者和这个孩子年龄相仿，如果能够找到那个耳聋男孩的年龄，就可以知道作者的年龄。末段第五句提到：The boy， now about twelve jumped up and ran across San Diego Road。又由第八段首句“Almost every Sunday for the next year or two I could see the boy...”可知，作者帮助小男孩的事件发生在一、二年前，当时作者和小男孩的年龄是10岁、11岁的样子，A为答案。

24． The best title for the passage is probably A．The Wretched Life. B．The Orphanage Bullies. C．The Deaf Kid.

D．The Whale Sound.

正确答案：D

解析：主旨题。本文叙述了作者和孤儿院里一个耳聋的小男孩的故事。B为开篇提到的部分内容，不全面。本文没有描述孤儿院的生活多么凄惨，排除A。C具有强干扰性，但文章主要人物是作者和耳聋的小男孩两个人，C不全面。第六段第二句描述小男孩在被欺负时发出的声音：It was the sound like a whale makes...末段在作者被带离孤儿院时又听到这种声音：the high pitched sound of that whale being harpooned，可见这个声音是贯穿全文的，故D为答案。

In 1981 Kenji Urada, a 37-year-old Japanese factory worker, climbed over a safety fence at a Kawasaki plant to carry out some maintenance work on a robot. In his haste, he failed to switch the robot off properly. Unable to sense him, the robot’s powerful hydraulic arm kept on working and accidentally pushed the engineer into a grinding machine. His death made Urada the first recorded victim to die at the hands of a robot. This astounding industrial accident would not have happened in a world in which robot behavior was governed by the Three Laws of Robotics drawn up by

Isaac Asimov, a science fiction writer. The laws appeared in I, Robot, a book of short stories published in 1950 that inspired a Hollywood film. But decades later the laws, designed to prevent robots from harming people either through action or inaction, remain in the realm of fiction. With robots now poised to emerge from their industrial cages and to move into homes and workplaces, roboticists are concerned about the safety implications beyond the factory floor. To address these concerns, leading robot experts have come together to try to find ways to prevent robots from harming people. “Security, safety and sex are the big concerns,” says Henrik Christensen, chairman of the European Robotics Network at the Swedish Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, and one of the organisers of the new roboethics group. Should robots that are strong enough or heavy enough to crush people be allowed into homes? Should robotic sex dolls resembling children be legally allowed? These questions may seem esoteric but in the next few years they will become increasingly relevant, says Dr. Christensen. According to the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe’s World Robotics Survey, in 2002 the number of domestic and service robots more than tripled, nearly outstripping their industrial counterparts. Japanese industrial firms are racing to build humanoid robots to act as domestic helpers for the elderly, and South Korea has set a goal that 100% of households should have domestic robots by 2020. In light of all this, it is crucial that we start to think about safety and ethical guidelines now, says Dr. Christensen. So what exactly is being done to protect us from these mechanical menaces? “Not enough,” says Blay Whitby, an artificial-intelligence expert at the University of Sussex in England. This is hardly surprising given that the field of “safety-critical computing” is barely a decade old, he says. But things are changing, and researchers are increasingly taking an interest in trying to make robots safer. One approach, which sounds simple enough, is to try to program them to avoid contact with people altogether. But this is much harder than it sounds. Getting a robot to navigate across a cluttered room is difficult enough without having to take into account what its various limbs or appendages might bump into along the way. Regulating the behavior of robots is going to become more difficult in the future, since they will increasingly have self-learning mechanisms built into them, says Gianmarco Veruggio, a roboticist at the Institute of Intelligent Systems for Automation in Genoa, Italy. As a result, their behavior will become impossible to predict fully, he says, since they will not be behaving in predefined ways but will learn new behavior as they go.

25． The word “astounding” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to A．gullible. B．awesome. C．gruesome. D．stupendous.

正确答案：C

解析：语义题。由题干定位至第二段。首段描述1981年一个日本工程师为

了维修工厂的机器人，被机器人推入粉碎机，不幸身亡的事故。末句指出His death made Urada the first recorded victim to die at the hands of a robot，既然是第一例事件，按常理会引起人们震惊，故C为答案。A“轻信的”及 D“极好的”不符合语境，排除。B意为“敬畏的”，含有“尊敬”之意，排除。

26． It can be inferred from the second paragraph that

A．Isaac Asimov will make new laws to replace the old ones. B．the Three Laws of Robotics have been invalidated. C．the book I, Robot was published in Hollywood. D．Isaac Asimov has shifted his attention to films.

正确答案：B

解析：推断题。由题干定位至第二段。末句指出：但是几十年之后，这些旨在防止机器人伤人的法律仍只存在于小说中。B符合文意，故为答案。第二句提到好莱坞最近根据这本书新拍了一部电影，但并没有说此书是在好莱坞出版的，C与文意不符，排除。

27． According to the passage, domestic robots will A．he welcomed by housewives. B．surely go into every household.

C．help people a lot with their housework. D．help people with manual and mental work.

正确答案：C

解析：细节题。由题干中的domestic robots定位至第四段。第三句指出Japanese industrial firms are racing to build humanoid robots to act as domestic helper...，既然日本企业在争先恐后地生产家用机器人，自然会为人们的家务劳动提供很大帮助，C符合文意，故为答案。该句后面提到South Korea has set a goal that 100% of households should have domestic robots by 2020，这只是一个目标而已， B为绝对项，排除。A和D未提及，排除。

28． Blay Whitby thinks that “safety-critical computing” A．is in its infancy. B．has its heyday.

C．undergoes rapid development. D．can hardly be improved.

正确答案：A

解析：细节题。由题干中的Btay Whitby定位至第五段。第三句提到the field of“safety-critical computing” is barely a decade old，这说明其发展时间很短，还不到10年。此外，从第二句中的回答“Not enough”和第三句中的This is hardly surprising，说明在如此短的时间内，safety-critical computing发展得还不够好，丝毫不足为奇，由此可以推断该技术仍处于初期阶段，A符合文意，故为答案。B意为“处于鼎盛时期”，与文意不符，排除。

29． Which of the following statements is NOT true of robots? A．It’s difficult to prevent robots from contacting people. B．The behavior of robots will be more unforeseeable.

C．Robots in the future will Be more intelligent than those today.

D．Programming robots through a cramped room is the most difficult task.

正确答案：D

解析：细节题。末段第二句指出As a result，their behavior will become impossible to predict fully...，B符合文意。第五段第五、六句提到One approach...is to try to program them to avoid contact with people...But this is much harder...，A符合文意。第五段末句指出：操纵机器人穿过凌乱的房间就是很困难的事了，更不用说考虑它的肢体在路上碰到什么了。可见后者比前者更为困难，D与文意不符，故为答案。

Britain’s east midlands were once the picture of English countryside, alive with flocks, shepherds, skylarks and buttercups—the stuff of fairytales. In 1941 George Marsh left school at the age of 14 to work as a herdsman in Nottinghamshire, the East Midlands countryside his parents and grandparents farmed. He recalls skylarks nesting in cereal fields, which when accidentally disturbed would fly singing into the sky. But in his lifetime, Marsh has seen the color and diversity of his native land fade. Farmers used to grow about a ton of wheat per acre; now they grow four tons. Pesticides have killed off the insects upon which skylarks fed, and year-round harvesting has driven the birds from their winter nests. Skylarks are now rare. “Farmers kill anything that affects production, “says Marsh.” Agriculture is too efficient.” Anecdotal evidence of a looming crisis in biodiversity is now being reinforced by science. In their comprehensive surveys of plants, butterflies and birds over the past 20 to 40 years in Britain, ecologists Jeremy Thomas and Carly Stevens found significant population declines in a third of all native species. Butterflies are the furthest along—71 percent of Britain’s 58 species are shrinking in number, and some, like the large blue and tortoiseshell, are already extinct. In Britain’s grasslands, a key habitat, 20 percent of all animal, plant and insect species are on the path to extinction. There’s hardly a corner of the country’s ecology that isn’t affected by this downward spiral. The problem would be bad enough if it were merely local, but it’s not: because Britain’s temperate ecology is similar to that in so many other parts of the world, It’s the best microcosm scientists have been able to study in detail. Scientists have sounded alarms about species’ extinction in the past, but always specific to a particular animal or place—whales in the 1980s or the Amazonian rain forests in the 1990s. This time, though, the implications are much wider. The Amazon is a “biodiversity hot spot” with a unique ecology. But in Britain, “the main drivers of change are the same processes responsible for species’ declines worldwide, “says Thomas. The findings, published in the journal Science, provide the first clear evidence that the world is in the throes of a massive extinction. Thomas and Stevens argue that we are facing a loss of 65 to 95 percent of the world’s species, on the scale

of an ice age or the meteorite that may have wiped out the dinosaurs 65 million years ago. If so, this would be only the sixth time such devastation had occurred in the past 600 million years. The other five were associated with one-off events like the ice ages, a volcanic eruption or a meteor. This time, ecosystems are dying a thousand deaths from over fishing and the razing of the rain forests, but also from advances in agriculture. The British study, for instance, finds that one of the biggest problems is nitrogen pollution Nitrogen is released when fossil fuels burn in cars and power plants, but also when ecologically rich heath-lands are plowed and fertilizers are spread. Nitrogen-rich fertilizers fuel the growth of tall grasses, which in turn overshadow and kill off delicate flowers like harebells and eyebrights. Even seemingly innocuous practices are responsible for vast ecological damage. When British farmers stopped feeding horses and cattle with hay and switched to silage, a kind of preserved short grass, they eliminated a favorite nesting spot of corncrakes, birds known for their raspy nightly mating calls; corncrake populations have fallen 76 percent in the past 20 years. The depressing list goes on and on. Many of these practices are being repeated throughout the world, in one form or another, which is why scientists believe that the British study has global implications. Wildlife is getting blander. “We don’t know which species are essential to the web of life so we’re taking a massive risk by eliminating any of them,” says David Wedin, professor of ecology at the University of Nebraska. Chances are we’ll be seeing the results of this experiment before too long.

30． From the first paragraph, we get the impression that George Marsh A．cherishes his adolescence memories.

B．thinks highly of the efficiency of agriculture. C．may not have happy memories of past time. D．cannot remember his adolescence days.

正确答案：A

解析：推断题。由题干定位至首段。第三句指出：He recalls skylarks nesting in cereal fields，which when accidentally disturbed would fly singing into the sky．末句提到Marsh的评论：Agriculture is too efficient，可以推断他怀念以前有云雀的美好时光，认为农业生产的高效率让许多物种消失了，故A为答案。

31． Which of the following statements is TRUE of Jeremy Thomas and Carly Stevens’s surveys?

A．They reported the results of the surveys to the government. B．There were no such comprehensive surveys done before. C．The surveys show more plant species are extinct.

D．Other ecologists will do more surveys based on theirs.

正确答案：B

解析：推断题。由题干中的Jeremy Thomas and Carly Stevens定位至第二段。首句指出：Anecdotal evidence of a looming crisis in biodiversity is now being

reinforced by science．这里的anecdotal(含逸事趣闻的)表明这些证据都是听来的。此外，第三段第二、三两句指出：以前的科学家们仅仅把研究局限于某一种动物或某一具体地点，这次，研究的领域更为广泛。据此可以推断以前没有人做过如此全面的研究，故B为答案。

32． What is the difference between today’s ecological change and the five changes in ancient times?

A．Species like the dinosaurs brought the ice ages to an end. B．A volcanic eruption might lead to a great catastrophe.

C．Today’s change is mainly caused by agricultural advances. D．Today’s change attributes to a multitude of reasons.

正确答案：D

解析：细节题。由题干中的five定位至第四段。第二句指出：其他五次灾难的发生与某一事件有关，例如冰川时代、火山爆发或流星的出现。而第三句提到这次生态系统面临的问题非常之多：过度捕鱼、雨林被摧毁、农业的发展等。D符合文意，故为答案。B虽然符合逻辑，但并非文章提到的区别，排除。

33． The word “innocuous” in the fifth paragraph probably means A．arbitrary. B．legendary. C．harmless. D．lethal.

正确答案：C

解析：语义题。由题干定位至第五段。首句指出：Even seemingly innocuous practices are responsible for vast ecological damage．从句中的Even及第二句中“青贮饲料”的例子可以判断，innocuous的意思与 damage屑于对立的语义场，可直接排除D“致命的”，C符合语义衔接关系，故为答案。

34． According to David Wedin, the extinction of many species are caused by human beings’

A．arrogance. B．ignorance. C．nonchalance. D．blunder.

正确答案：B

解析：推断题。由题干中的David Wedin定位至末段。倒数第二句指出：We don’t know which species are essential to the web of life so we’re taking a massive risk by eliminating any of them，这说明人们无法分辨何种生物物种对我们来说是至关重要的，由于无知造成了许多物种灭绝的局面，故B为答案。

35． The most suitable title for the passage would be

A．Nitrogen Pollution. B．Ecological Issues. C．Goodbye, Skylarks. D．Agricultural Advances.

正确答案：C

解析：主旨题。本文首段通过对比，描述了几十年前云雀高歌的景象和现在不见踪影的凄凉，引出生态改变导致物种灭绝的问题。接下来的段落介绍了科学家们的调查结果，分析原因，指出人们的无知造成了物种灭绝。四个选项中，A“氮污染”是第四段提到的一个原因;B范围过大;D也是第四段提到的原因，排除。C虽然有些抽象，但文章以云雀的消亡入手，引出物种灭绝问题，因此C是各选项中最恰当的题目，故为答案。

I recently took care of a 50-year-old man who had been admitted to the hospital short of breath. During his monthlong stay he was seen by a hematologist, an endocrinologist, a kidney specialist, a podiatrist, two cardiologists, a cardiac electrophysiologist, an infectious-diseases specialist, a pulmonologist, an ear-nose-throat specialist, a urologist, a gastroenterologist, a neurologist, a nutritionist, a general surgeon, a thoracic surgeon and a pain specialist. He underwent 12 procedures, including cardiac catheterization, a pacemaker implant and a hone-marrow biopsy (to work-up chronic anemia). Despite this wearying schedule, he maintained an upbeat manner, walking the corridors daily with as sistance to chat with nurses and physician assistants. When he was discharged, follow-up visits were scheduled for him with seven specialists. This man’s case, in which expert consultations sprouted with little rhyme, reason or coordination, reinforced a lesson I have learned many times since entering practice: In our health care system, where doctors are paid piecework for their services, if you have a slew of physicians and a willing patient, almost any sort of terrible excess can occur. Though accurate data is lacking, the overuse of services in health care probably cost hundreds of billions of dollars last year, out of the more than $ 2 trillion that Americans spent on health. Are we getting our money’s worth? Not according to the usual measures of public health. The United States ranks 45th in life expectancy, behind Bosnia and Jordan; near last, compared with other developed countries, in infant mortality; and in last place, according to the Commonwealth Fund, a health-care research group, among major industrialized countries in health-care quality, access and efficiency. And in the United States, regions that spend the most on health care appear to have higher mortality rates than regions that spend the least, perhaps because of increased hospitalization rates that result in more life-threatening errors and infections. It has been estimated that if the entire country spent the same as the lowest spending regions, the Medicare program alone could save about $ 40 billion a year. Overutilization is driven by many factors—”defensive” medicine by doctors trying to avoid lawsuits; patients’ demands; a pervading belief among doctors and patients that newer, more expensive technology is better. The most important factor, however, may be the perverse financial incentives of our current system. Overeonsultation and

overtesting have now become facts of the medical profession. The culture in practice is to grab patients and generate volume. “Medicine has become like everything else,” a doctor told me recently. “Everything moves because of money.” Consider medical imaging. According to a federal commission, from 1999 to 2004 the growth in the volume of imaging services per Medicare patient far outstripped the growth’ of all other physician services. In 2004, the cost of imaging services was close to $100 billion, or an average of roughly $350 per person in the United States. Not long ago, I visited a friend—a cardiologist in his late 30s—at his office on Long Island to ask him about imaging in private practices. “When I started in practice, I wanted to do the right thing,” he told me matter-of-factly. “A young woman would come in with palpitations. I’d tell her she was fine. But then I realized that she’d just go down the street to another physician and he’d order all the tests anyway: echocardiogram, stress test, Holter monitor—stuff she didn’t really need. Then she’d go around and tell her friends what a great doctor— a thorough doctor—the other cardiologist was. “I tried to practice ethical medicine, but it didn’t help. It didn’t pay, both from a financial and a reputation standpoint. “ Last year, Congress approved steep reductions in Medicare payments for certain imaging services. Deeper cuts will almost certainly be forthcoming. This is good; unnecessary imaging is almost certainly taking place, leading to false-positive results, unnecessary invasive procedures, more complications and so on, But the problem in medicine today is much larger than imaging. Doctors are doing too much testing and too many procedures, often for the sake of business. And patients, unfortunately, are paying the price. “The hospital is a great place to be when you are sick,” a hospital executive told me recently. “But I don’t want my mother in here five minutes longer than she needs to be.”

36． What’s the main idea of the first three paragrahs?

A．There are a lot of excessive services in American hospitals. B．Doctors are over-loaded in American hospitals.

C．American hospitals are suffering great losses because of poor health conditions.

D．The health-care service in the American hospitals is systematic and patient-oriented.

正确答案：A

解析：主旨题。前三段英文议论文中用anecdote(轶事)开篇，旨在引出作者真正的论点。论点在第四段中得到了阐述，即In our health care system...almost any sort of terrible excess can occur．Excess对应选项中的excessive。在第五段，“overuse”一词的使用，也对应了excessive，故答案为A。B中提到的医生负担过重在文中没有提及，只是在第三段里，提到了医生们是按劳计酬的，有一定的迷惑性，故排除B。C的内容前三段根本没有提及，故排除。D对美国的医疗系统赞誉有加，似乎是来自第四段的if you have a slew of physicians and a willing patient，almost any sort of terrible excess can occur．但是从“terrible excess”可以看出，作者并非在夸赞美国的医疗系统完善、对病人照顾周到，而是在阐述可能

出现的过度医疗，故排除D。

37． The word “imaging” in the eleventh paragraph means

A．a picture that you have in your mind, especially about what someone or something is like or the way they look.

B．a technical process in which pictures of the inside of someone’s body are produced.

C．the process of making a scientific or computer model of something to show how it works or to understand it better.

D．the opinion people have of a person, organization, product etc.

正确答案：B

解析：语义题。medical imaging很明显是医学检验手段的一种，意思为“医学影像”，故B正确。A和 D是image的英文释义，而非医学上的imaging，故排除。C是modelling的释义，与上下文意思不符，故排除。

38． The tone of the article towards the American health-care system is A．joking. B．suggestive. C．objective. D．humourous.

正确答案：C 解析：观点题。作者使用了大量的数据和事例来说明美国医疗中过多的检验和服务，因此是客观的，而不是有很多暗示suggestive，故排除B，并且用词比较正式，不是轻松幽默的语气，因此joking和humourous都是错误的，故排除A和D。

39． The causes of the over-use of medical examinatins are all of the following EXCEPT that

A．patients ask doctors to do more tests than necessary.

B．doctors want to make more money by using newer and more expensive technology.

C．doctors try to avoid being sued by their colleagues.

D．doctors want to prove to their patients they are competent.

正确答案：C

解析：细节题。第八段指出，医生给病人开过多的药是为了避免被起诉，这里是害怕被病人起诉，而不是被同事起诉，如果读文章认真的话，应该不难选出。从第八段里patients’demands可以知道，病人会主动要求增加检验，故排除A。从倒数第二段最后两句话可以看出，B“医生是会为了赚钱而对病人进行不必要的检验”也是致使过度医疗的原意，故排除B。在第十三段中．作者的医生朋友说，他意识到，如果自己不按病人的要求进行很多的检查，病人会去找别的医生，会夸赞自己的竞争者有多么棒，第十四段中，他的朋友还说这个不光是个钱的问

题，还有名声的问题(both from a financial and a reputation standpoint)，为了证明自己是称职的医生，也会选择过度医疗检查，故排除D。

40． According to the author, which statement is NOT true?

A．The United States has one of the least efficient health-care system in the world.

B．My friend had to over-test his patients more because he needs to earn more profit from the tests and to gain a good reputation.

C．It seems that in different regions of the U. S. the number of deaths is in proportion to the healthcare expenditure.

D．Patients are the actual victims of the over-testing and over-procedures.

正确答案：A 解析：细节题。根据第六段，公共财产基金会的调查显示，美国医疗的质量、途径和效率在主要工业化国家中是最差的，可以看出，美国的医疗制度的效率的低下是与工业化国家比较，而并非跟所有国家进行对比，故答案为A。根据作者的朋友所说“我曾经努力按道德行医，但那没用。它不会给我回报，无论是在金钱上，还是在名誉上。”，故排除B。根据第七段，用于医疗保健的花销最多的地区其死亡率好像比花费最少的地区更高，所以花销与死亡率成正比，故排除C。倒数第二段指出，“可悲的是，这些费用和后果都是由病人来承担。”故排除D。

PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question.

41． Who was the US President during World War Ⅱ? A．Dwight D.Eisenhower B．John F. Kennedy

C．Franklin D.Roosevelt. D．Theodore Roosevelt

正确答案：C

解析：美国二战时期的总统是富兰克林·罗斯福(1882～1945)。他是美国第32任总统，也是美国历史上唯一连任四届的总统，他有腿疾，被称为“坐在轮椅上转动世界的巨人”。五星上将艾森豪威尔(Eisenhower)是二战时期盟军的最高统帅，成功地指挥了诺曼底登陆，战后连续当选两届美国总统。约翰·肯尼迪 (John F．Kennedy，1961～1963)是美国第35任总统。西奥多·罗斯福(Theodore Roosevelt，1858～ 1919)是美国第26任总统，他任总统时不到43岁，成为美国历史上最年轻的总统。

42． The capital of New Zealand is______. A．Canberra B．Ottawa C．Wellington D．Washington

正确答案：C

解析：New Zealand(新西兰)的首都为Wellington(惠灵顿)，最大的城市是Auckland(奥克兰)。Canberra(坎帕拉)是澳大利亚的首都；Ottawa(渥太华)是加拿大的首都；Washington(华盛顿)是美国的首都。

43． Which of the following is NOT a U.K. newspaper? A．The Guardian.

B．Christian Science Monitor. C．The Daily Telegraph. D．The Times.

正确答案：B

解析：Christian Science Monitor(《教科学箴言报》)是美国很有影响的周报，The Guardian(《卫报》)、 The Daily Telegrap A(《每日邮报》)、The Times(《泰晤士报》)均为英国的著名报纸。

44． The community college is a kind of ______colleges popular in ______to satisfy the needs of both the individual and the society.

A．five-year;U.K. B．four-year;U.K. C．three-year;U.S. D．two-year;U.S.

正确答案：D

解析：The community college为美国的社区大学，是由建立的、学制一般为两年的初级大学，毕业后所学的学分可转入四年制大学读后两年课程，也可毕业后直接就业。

45． James Joyce was a famous______ whose masterpiece Ulysses has been highly eulogized in the Western literary world as one of the greatest works in the 20(上标)th century.

A．essayist B．novelist C．poet

D．playwright

正确答案：B

解析：James Joyce(詹姆斯·乔伊斯，1882～1941)为爱尔兰著名小说家，他的意识流文学手法对现代小说有着深远影响。他的作品包括Ulysses(《尤利西斯》，Finnegans Wake《芬尼根的苏醒》。

46． George Gordon Byron was famous for the following works except______. A．Child Harold’s Pilgrimage

B．Queen Mab

C．Hours of Idleness D．Don Juan

正确答案：B

解析：Queen Mab(《麦布女王》)是Percy Bysshe Shelley(波西•雪莱，1792～1822)所著的一首长诗。Child Harold’s Pilgrimage (《恰尔德·哈罗尔德游记》)、Hours of Idleness(《消闲的时光》)、Don Juan(《唐璜》)都为George Gordon Byron(拜伦，1788～1824)所写。

47． Which of the following is Nathaniel Hawthorne’s most noteworthy novel in the world?

A．Gone with the Wind.

B．For Whom, the Bell Tolls. C．American Tragedy. D．The Scarlet Letter.

正确答案：D

解析：Nathaniel Hawthorne(纳撒尼尔·霍桑，1804～18)是美国19世纪影响最大的浪漫主义小说家和心理小说家。长篇小说The Scarlet Letter(《红字》)是他的代表作。Gone with the Wind(《飘》)是美国女作家Margaret Mitchell(玛格丽特·米切尔，1900～1949)的代表作：For Whom the Bell Tolls(《战地钟声》)是美国作家Hemingway(海明威，19～1961)的代表作之一；American Tragedy(《美国悲剧》)是美国作家Theodore Dreiser(德莱塞，1871～1945)的代表作。

48． The study of the rules whereby words or other elements of sentence structure are combined to form grammatical sentences is______.

A．syntax B．semantics C．morphology D．sociolinguistics

正确答案：A

解析：syntax(句法)是研究词或其他句子成分如何排列成合乎语法的句子规则的学科；semantics(语义学)研究语言所表示的意思；morphology(词法)研究语言中单词的结构、形式，包括词尾变化、派生和合成词的构成；Sociolinguistics(社会语言学)研究语言与社会之间关系的一个语言学分支，研究涉及两个方面的问题：语言结构和社会语境。

49． Words like “Xerox” and “Kodak” are formed by______. A．back-formation B．blending C．coinage

D．acronym

正确答案：C

解析：coinage指新造的、自造的词语。back-formation指逆构法，如，名词dry-cleaning去掉-ing构成动词 dry-dean(干洗)。blending为拼缀法，把两个词截头或去尾分拼合成一个词，如，breakfast and lunch拼合成brunch。acronym为首字母缩略法，如：UNESCO(联合国教科文组织)，Laser(激光)。

50． Which of the following is NOT an approach for English language to enrich its vocabulary in the past several centuries?

A．Borrowing. B．Upgradation. C．Narrowing. D．Widening.

正确答案：B

解析：英语语义变化方式主要有narrowing/specialization(语义的缩小)?widening/generalization/extension (语义的扩大)?amelioration/elevation(语义的升华)?degradation/pejoration(语义的降格)?transfer of meaning(语义的转移)等,没有upgradation一说?

PART IV PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN)Directions: Proofread the given passage. The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:(1)For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.(2)For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “∧” sign and write t

A new study uses advanced brain-scanning technology to cast light onto a topic that 【M1】______psychologists have puzzled over more than half a century: social conformity. The study 【M2】______was based on a famous series of laboratory experiment from the 1950’s by a social psy 【M3】______chologist, Dr. Solomon Asch. In those early studies, the subjects were shown two cards. On the first was a vertical line. On the second were three lines, one of them the same lengthwith that on the first card. Then the subjects were asked to say which two lines were 【M4】______like, something that most 5-year-olds could answer correctly. But Dr. Asch added a twist. 【M5】______Seven other people, in cahoots with the researchers, also examined the lines and gavetheir answers before the subjects did. And sometimes these confederates unconsciously 【M6】______gave the wrong answer. Dr. Asch was astonished at what happened next.. After thinking 【M7】______hard, three out of four subjects agreed with the incorrect answers given by the confederates 【M8】______at least once. And one in four conformed 50 percent of the time. Dr. Asch, who diedin 1996, always wondered about the findings. Did the people who gave in to group do

soknowing that their answers was right? Or did the social pressure actually change theirperceptions? The researchers found that social conformity showed up in the brain like 【M9】______activity in regions that are entirely devoted to perception. But independence of judgmentm standing up for one’ s beliefs M showed up as activity in brain areas involved in emotion, the study found, suggesting that there be a cost for going against the group. 【M10】______

51． 【M1】

正确答案：onto改成on

解析：本题考查固定搭配cast light on。

52． 【M2】

正确答案：over∧mole改成for

解析：完成时态中的时段需要介词表示持续了多长一段时间。

53． 【M3】

正确答案：experiment改成experiments 解析：需要用复数。否则应该加冠词。

． 【M4】

正确答案：with改成as

解析：the same as是固定搭配短语。

55． 【M5】

正确答案：like改成alike

解析：表相似的时候，like作为定语使用，如like situations，而alike是用作表语。

56． 【M6】

正确答案：unconsciously改成intentionally

解析：前者是生理上的无意识、不知不觉的，后者指不是故意的。

57． 【M7】

正确答案：right改成wrong

解析：逻辑错误，同文章意思矛盾。

58． 【M8】

正确答案：with改成on

解析：agree with sb.,agree on sth.。

59． 【M9】

正确答案：like改成as

解析：as是“作为”的意思，like是“象……一样”。

60． 【M10】

正确答案：be改成is

解析：suggest此处表示“暗示”，只有表示“建议”的时候从句才使用虚拟语气。

PART V TRANSLATION (60 MIN)

SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISHDirections: Translate the following text into English.

61． 我常常听人说，他想读一点书，苦于没有时间。我不太同意这种说法。不管他是多么忙，他总不至于忙得一点时间都抽不出来。一天当中如果抽出一小时来读书，一年就有365小时，十年就有3650小时，积少成多，无论什么研究都会有惊人的成绩。零碎的时间最可宝贵，但也最容易丢弃。我记得陆放翁有两句诗：“呼僮不应自升火，待饭未来还读书。”这两句诗给我的印象很深。待饭未来的时候是颇难熬的，用来读书岂不甚妙？我们的时间往往于不知不觉中被荒废掉。例如，现在距开会还有50分钟，于是什么事都不做了，磨磨蹭蹭，50分钟便打发掉了。如果用这时间读几页书，岂不较为受用。

正确答案：Often I hear a person say that he intends to read some books but is short of time. However I disagree to this kind of wording. No matter how busy he may appear, he can not be too occupied to possess any time. If he finds an hour to read everyday, he will have 365 hours yearly and 3650 hours in ten years. Accumulating bit by bit, no matter what subject he studies, he will result in extraordinary achievements. Odd hours appear the most precious but they are likely to disappear easily. I remember Lu Fangweng’ s two verses: “Calling tile boy servant without response I made fire myself, and engaged in some reading while waiting for the meal”. Deeply these two verses impressed me. Waiting for a meal to come is very tedious? but how wonderful it is to do some reading! Our time is often abandoned unconsciously. If there is, for example, fifty minutes to go before a meeting is started, you may dismiss your time. But if you read a couple of pages is there anything more pleasant?

SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESEDirections: Translate the following text into Chinese.

62． Grooming and personal hygiene have been around for ages. It’s hard to imagine a time when people weren’t concerned with taking care of their appearance and their bodies. Perhaps these practices started when Adam first took a bath and combed his hair before going on a date with Eve. Or maybe they began when Eve put on some herbal makeup to make herself more beautiful. No matter where they started, grooming and personal hygiene have become an important part of everyone’s daily routine. You might think that all modem societies would have the same grooming and personal hygiene practices. After all, doesn’t everybody take baths? Most people do recognize the need for hygiene, which is the basis for cleanliness and ‘health—and a good way to keep one’s friends. Grooming practices include all the little things people do to make themselves look their best, such as combing their hair and putting on makeup. However, while most modern people agree that these things are important, people in different cultures take care of themselves in different ways.

正确答案：仪容整洁和个人卫生的讲究已经行之有年了。很难想象一个人们不在乎打理外表和身体清洁的时代。或许这些卫生习惯始于亚当第一次洗澡梳头去赴夏娃的约；也可能始于夏娃第一次搽上青草制的化妆品使自己更美丽。无论是从何时开始的，仪容整洁与个人卫生已经成为每个人生活例行事务中重要的一部分。 你可能以为所有现代社会中的仅容整洁与卫生习惯都是一样的。毕竟，不是每一个人都要洗澡的吗?大部分人的确肯定卫生的必要性，它是清洁与健康的基础，也是维持友谊的好办法。仪容整洁的工作涵盖了所有可以使人看起来体面的琐碎小事，像梳头和化妆。

解析： 此句统领全文。现在完成时与for ages连用，译文“已经行之有年了”准确传达了原句意思。around在此作副词用，意为“面世、流行”。 根据上文判断，No matter where they started中的where指时间而非地点，所以译为“无论是从何时开始的”。 “After all，doesn’t everybody take baths?”为反问句式，译文“毕竟，不是每一个人都要洗澡的吗?”形式与原文相同，语气亦与原文一致。 Most people do recognize…中的do用来强调谓语动词，常译为“的确、确实”等，汉语没有对应的用法。 非限定性定语从句which is the basis for cleanliness and health表示原因，译为分句“它是清洁与健康的基础”。 汉语定语一般置于中心词之前。所以在翻译a11 the little things people do to make themselves look their best…时，调整语序，将定语置前，译成“所有可以使人看起来体面的琐碎小事”。

PART VI WRITING (45 MIN)Directions: Write a composition of about 400 words on the following topic.

63． Nowadays, there have been many debates on the relationship between the teacher and the student in universities. Some people claim that since students pay much for their education, teachers should provide them with service. Since everyone who uses service is a customer, teachers are here to serve their customers, the students.

While others believe that treating students like customers undermines their education. What is your opinion? Write an essay of about 400 words entitled:Don’t Treat Students as Customers In the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement, and in the second part you should support the thesis statement with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.

正确答案： Don’t Treat Students as Customers Because of the pressure colleges and universities face concerning the graduation rates, they urged to change the attitude of how they treat their students. Indeed, the latest trend is to treat students as consumers and schools as service providers, eager to satisfy their needs. Is the universal teaching of US-style management transforming schools into companies, students into customers and teachers into clerks? As far as I am concerned, whatever teachers do, they should not treat their students like customers.Students, in recent years, have become something of a concern. There seems to be a greater expectation for spoon-feeding. Learning seems to be little more than preparation for exams. In spite of improving the learning environment, enthusiasm does not seem to be keeping pace. If one were to treat students as “ customers “, with the prevailing attitudes to learning, the feedback system for ranking teachers could become a weapon that will see an erosion of educational standards as teachers adopt styles aimed primarily at pleasing students. On the other hand, if faculty members treat students as customers who are always right, they may not learn effectively. Treating students like customers undermines their education. Catering to their every need and desire in an effort to delight the customer robs students of an active role in their own education.While the trends in the development of knowledge and emerging new technologies will have a continued impact on the way teaching develops, it is becoming harder to see how the present day student will impact educational styles in a desirably positive way. The once indispensable ally to the development of teaching seems to have taken on a diminishing role. Meanwhile, the search for directions in teaching continues amidst the changing scenery and is likely to be a lasting challenge to those in the profession. Instead of “weakening” education, we should adopt a different guiding metaphor: students should be viewed as partners, not as “enemies” or even “customers”. On the one hand, perceiving students as “enemies” implies a competitive relationship of which there can only be one winner. On the other hand, by treating students as partners, students will be more involved and committed to the learning process and this partnership concept is a win-win situation in the end. For example, a teacher may allow his students to influence the content they learn, e, g. allowing students to propose topics, select cases and projects for in-depth dlscussion, etc. In addition, casting students as partners may contribute to the development of their character. They can feel they are treated as equals and thus develop such qualities as independence, self-esteem, and so on.