动词-ing形式小结

动词-ing形式小结

动词-ing形式概述

v.-ing形式包括传统语法的现在分词和动名词两部分，像动词不定式一样，它既具有动词时 态和语态的特征，

又具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，它可以在句中作主语、表语、定语、宾语、 状语、宾语补足语、主语补足语等。

动词-ing形式的时态、语态

主动语态 一般式 元成式 否定式 v.-ing形式的一般式 writi ng hav ing writte n not writi ng 被动语态 being writte n hav ing bee n writte n V.-ing形式的一般式表示1）动作发生在谓语动词动作的同时、之前或之后。用来泛指动作， 没有时间的区

分。

Seeking after knowledge is human nature . 求知是人的本性。

Travelling abroad can widen one ' s outlook 出国旅游会扩大人们的视野。

Eating too much chocolate is bad for your teeth . 吃太多的巧克力对你的牙齿有害。 My favourite sport is playing table tennis . 我最喜欢的运动是打乒乓球。 2） 行为与主要动作同时发生，表示伴随。

The students came into the classroom laughing and talking . 学生们又说又笑地走进了教室。 As she saw me, she came over smiling. 她看到我时，笑容可掬地走过来。

Doing the washing up，Connie was planning her holiday . 康妮在洗碗的时刻盘算着怎样度假。 3） 行为在主要动作之前或之后。

Anton io remembered sending his mother an email three times last month . 安东尼记得上个月 给他母亲

发了三次电子邮件.（在前）

Mr. Lee we nt out shutting the door beh ind him . 李先生出去后将门随手关上。（在后）

v.-ing形式的完成式

v.-ing 形式的完成式由 “having + wed 形式”构成，表示动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。 ___________________________ （fini sh） his homework， he we nt to bed. 做完了作业，他去睡觉了。 （先做

作业”后去睡觉”）

He doesn' t remembehaving promised me that .

他忘记了曾经答应过我那件事。

She regretted having missed the film . 她很后悔没看这部电影。

I remember having heard you speak on that subject . 我记得曾经听见你谈过这个问题。 I could not recall having heard anyone say that before 。 我不记得以前听过谁说这样的话。 That weekend，having watched TV to a while， I went to the library to borrow some new no vels.

那个周末，我看了一会儿电视，便去了图书馆借了几本新小说。

Having realized why he had failed in the exam ，he has made up his mind to work harder from now on .

他认识到考试失败的原因后，下决心从现在开始要更加努力地学习。

The decision having been made， the next problem was how to make a good plan . v.-ing形式的被动式 一般时的被动式由 “being + v.ed 形式”构成，表示逻辑主语是 v.-ing 形式的动作的承受者。 What' sjhe subject being discussed at the meeting? 会上讨论了什么话题 ?

Being asked to answer the question， she felt a little nervous .

叫她回答问题时，她感到有些紧张。

The large building being built（二which is being built） will be our school library .

正在建造的那座大楼是我们学校的图书馆。

The highway being built will lead to Tanggu port .

正在修建的高速公路将直通塘沽码头。

I still remember being taken to Han gzhou whe n I was a child . 我还记得小时候曾被带到杭州去过。 He did it without being asked . 他没有被要求就干了这件事。 This problem is far from being settled . 这问题远远没有解决。 He hated being laughed at. 他不喜欢被人笑话。

He n arrowly missed being seriously in jured . 他差点受了重伤。

You' II find the topic being discussed everywhere . 你会发现到处都在讨论这个话题。 完成时的被动式 v.-ing形式的完成时被动式由“having been + ved形式”构成，表示动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。

Having been given such a good chanee, how could you not cherish it at all?

别人给你这么好的机会，你怎么能一点儿不珍惜 ？

Having been invited , he went to Japan to attend the conference . 了这次会议。 —

题是如何制订一个好计划了。

v.-ing形式的否定式

v.-ing 形式的否定形式由 not力卩v.-ing 形式构成。 受至U邀请，他去日本出席

The decision having been made, the next problem was how to make a good plan . 决定已作出，下一个问

The boy made his father angry by n ot taking his medici ne . 那男孩没吃药，使他父亲生气了。 I regret not being able to help you . 没能帮助你我很遗憾。 Not having received an answer，he decided to write again .

由于没接至U回信，他决定再写一

封信。

Not knowing his address and teleph one nu mber ，we could n ' t get in touch with him.

由于不知道他的地址和电话号码，我们无法和他取得联系。

I ' m sorry fornot being present at your party in time . 我很抱歉，没能按时参加你的聚会。 I felt sorry for not having done the work well . 我为没有把工作做好而感到很难过。 I ' m sorry fornot having telephoned you before . 很抱歉，没有早给你打电话。

2

她悔恨自己没有用功。

Tryi ng without success is better tha n not trying at all . 实验没有成功也比不实验好。 动词-ing形式的主要句法功能

一、v.-ing形式作主语，谓语动词用单数

Seeing is believing.百闻不如一见（眼见为实）。（谚语）

Play ing table tennis is his favourite sport. 打乒乓球是他最喜欢的体育运动。

Crossing the Atlantic by plane takes only a few hours. 坐飞机横越大西洋只需要几个钟头。 Talking is easier than doing. 说比做容易。

下面句型中it是形式主语，v.-ing形式短语是真正主语。 Ji' s no ustalking about it . 谈论这件事是没有用的。

I don' t thinkt' s much goowriting to him . 我想写信给他不太好.

H' s no uscrying over spilt milk .事已至此，难过也无益。（牛奶倒翻了哭也没用）（谚语） 注：v.-ing形式作主语通常表示抽象动作或泛指一般情况。 不定式作主语通常表示具体动作或 某个特定的情况。

拓展延伸：v.-ing形式作主语的用法

1） v.-ing形式作主语还可用于“There be no + v.ing形式”结构中和布告形式的省略结构中 There 'no jok ing

about such matters . 这种事开不得玩笑。

There' s no telling what he ' s going没0有人能说出他将要干什么。 No smoking .禁止吸烟。 No parking .禁止停车。

2) v.-ing形式作主语可以带有逻辑主语。这种逻辑主语不论是名词还是代词通常用所有格。

Tom s marrying Jenny made his father angry . 汤姆和珍妮结婚使他的父亲很生气。

It ' ns use your pretending that you didn ' t know the rules 你假装不知道这些规定是没用的。 Her going there won' t do any harm. 她去那里并不碍事。

She hated herself for not hav ing worked hard .

二、v.-ing形式作宾语：v.-ing形式可以作动词的宾语，也可以作介词的宾语。 1、作动词宾语

能带v.-ing形式作宾语的动词有两类：A .只能带v.-ing形式作宾语；B.既能带v.-ing形式又 能带不定式作宾语。

A 类动词：avoid , consider, delay, dislike , enjoy , escape excuse, finish , give up, cannot help , imagine . include . keep(on), mind , miss, practise , put off . suggest等。

He enjoys listening to light music . 他喜欢听轻音乐。

The young man is considering changing his job . 这位年轻人在考虑调换工作。 Mother suggested going to Beijing by air . 妈妈建议乘飞机去北京。

B 类动词：beg in, cannot bear, cease continue , forget, hate, like , love, mean, pla n , prefer , propose, regret, remember, start, stop , try 等。

The stude nts began writ ing / to write compositi ons. 学生们开始写作文。 She cannot bear to be laughed at. /being laughed at. 她不能容忍别人嘲笑她。 The boys love to play/ playing football. 那些男孩喜欢踢足球。

注意： 在remember , forget , regret后用 v.-ing形式或不定式结构在意义上有明显差别。

v.-ing

3

形式结构指动作先于谓语动词的动作发生，不定式结构指后于谓语动词的动作发生。

I remember ______________ the letter .我记得把信寄了。(寄信”发生在 记得”之前，即已 寄过信)

I must remember

(post) the letter .我必须记住要去寄信。(寄信”发生在 记得’’ (return) the book to the library .我忘记了 曾经把那本书还给图 (return) the book to the library .我忘记了要把那本书归还给

之后，即尚未寄信)

I ' ve forgotten 书馆了。(归还”的动作在前)

I ' ve forgotten 图书馆。(忘记”的动作在前)

在try , cannot help, mean, stop , go on 后用 v.-ing 形式还是用不定式结构，取决于它们本身 的含义和用法。 They stopped ___________________ (talk).他们(停止原来做的事)开始谈话。(不定式作目的状语) They stopped ________________ (talk). 他们停止了谈话。 He tried ____________________ (do) the work better. 他设法把那项工作做得更好。 He tried _______________ (do) the work in ano ther way. 他试着用另外的方法做那项工作。 Do you mean ________________ (tell) me that? 你打算把那件事告诉我吗 ？

That' ll mean ____________________ (wait) for some more time . 那将意味着再等些时候。 I couldn ' t hel _____________________ (finish) that job.我不能帮助完成那项工作。

I couldn ' t he __________________ (laugh) when I heard the news.听到那个消息，我情不自禁地笑

He went on to point out mistakes in the paper.

他接着开始指出论文中的错误。（指放下原来做的事，转而指出论文中错误）

He went on pointing out mistakes in the paper. 他继续指出论文中的错误。（指同一动作的继续） （1） 在少数句型中，可用it代表v.-ing形式做形式宾语，把v.-ing形式短语放到句子后部去。 她发现和他争辩没有用。 你觉得再试一试会有好处吗 ？

She found it no use arguing with him。 Do you consider it any good trying again? （2）

其 v.-ing 形式可作动词宾语的大多数动词 （除finish，practise 等夕卜）者E可以根据需要在 v.-ing

形式前加上逻辑主语。逻辑主语（尤其在口语中）通常用名词或代词的宾格表示，也可用所有格表示。

Do you mi nd ______________ （我）smoki ng?我抽烟你介意吗？

We are considering ____________________ （他）going there . 我们正在考虑他去那里的事。 2、v.-ing形式作介词宾语。

After (win) the competition ， she was ranked first in the world in women ' s

figure skating赢了这场比赛后，她在世界女子花样滑冰界名列第一。

At last he succeeded in _

(perform) his task . 最后他成功地执行了他的任

务。

His Job con sists of (gather) in formatio n and writ ing articles .

他的任务包括收集资料和写文章。

I ' m surprisedat I ' m sorryor

(find) the house empty. 发现房子里空无一人，我感到惊讶。

(give) you so much trouble . 对不起，给你添了这么多麻烦。

How/What about ___________________ to the cinema?去看电影怎么样？ Nothing can stop them from (fall) in love with each other .

4

什么也无法阻止他们相爱。

Tom is angry about . (not invite) to the party . 汤姆因未被邀请参加晚

会而生气。

We had no trouble in .

I ' m glad to have this opportunity of

(find) his house .我们毫不费力地找到了他的家。

(come) to visit your country .

我很高兴能有这个机会访问贵国。

Every one thinks of (cha nge) the world ， but no one thi nks of

_________________ (change) himself. 人人都想改变世界，却没有人想改变自己。

三、v.-ing形式作宾语补足语用于主+谓+宾+补结构

I heard him singing a popular song in the next room . 我听到他在隔壁房间里唱流行歌曲。 We can see steam risi ng from the wet clothes . 我们可以看到水蒸气从湿衣服中冒出来。

注意：

1 .可以带这种复合宾语的动词主要有

fee，find，get，hear，keep，see, watch， notice等。

上述句子若变为被动语态，v.-ing形式短语就成了主语补足语。

He was heard singing a popular song in the next room . Steam can be seen rising from the wet clothes .

2. 复合宾语中用v.-ing形式和用不定式在意义上稍有不同。不定式表示动作发生了，指动作 的全过程；v.-ing

形式则表示动作正在进行。试比较：

I saw her come in。我看见她进来了。（说明 进来了 ”这件事） I saw her comi ng in。我看见她走进来。（说明 她进来时的情景”）

四、v.-ing形式作表语

My favourite sport is playing table tennis. 我最喜欢的运动是打乒乓球。

What in terests me is living and dying for what one loves . 我所感兴趣的是：为所爱而生，为

所爱而死。

Reading is learning. 读书就是学习。

v.-inig形式和不定式都可以作表语。一般说来，在表示比较抽象的一般行为时，多用

v.-ing

形式；在表示具体的某次动作，特别是将来的动作时，多用不定式 式作主语在意义上的差别相同）。

Their job is buildi ng houses.

（这一点，与v.-ing形式或不定

他们的工作是盖房子。

我们现在的任务是盖一幢房子。

Our task now is to build a house .

五、v.-ing形式作定语，说明名词的功能用途或所处的状态

There' a swimming pool in our school 我们学校有游泳池。（a swimming pool 相当于 a pool for swimmi ng） He is in the reading room. 他在阅览室里。（ the reading room 相当于 the room for reading） a typ ing paper = a paper for typ ing 复印纸 a cleaning woman 女清洁工

a sleep ing baby = a baby who is sleep ing —个正在熟睡的婴儿 a running river = a river that is running

a writ ing desk = a desk for writi ng 写字桌

—条奔流的小河

5

a waiting car 等待的汽车 a barking dog 一条爱叫的狗 rolling waves 翻滚的浪头 touching story 动人的故事

a flying fish 飞鱼 falling leaves 落叶 rising sun 朝阳

作定语用的v.-ing形式如果是单个的词，一般放在名词的前面；如果是v.-ing形式短语, 则放在名词的

后面。此时，它的功能相当于一个定语从句。

Caring mothers know that brain needs extra nutrition A diet lacking in nutritional value

_ 一

. 爱心妈妈知道大脑需要补充营养。

won t keep a person healthy. 缺乏营养价值的饮食不能

维持人的健康。

There were a lot of boy stude nts play ing football on the football field .

有许多男生在足球场上踢足球。 六、v.-ing形式作状语

He sat there smoking .他坐在那里抽着烟。（表示伴随情况或方式）

She stood on the beach, gazing at the ocean.她伫立海滩上，凝视着大海。（表示伴随情况）

Watching （ = When he watched） an apple falli ng dow n from the tree， Newt on had an in spiratio n

看见一个苹果从树上落下来，牛顿突然得到一个启示。 （表示时间）

Looking down from the top of a cliff ，you will feel dizzy . 从悬崖上往下看你会觉得头晕。 （表示条件）

Not having received an answer，he decided to write again . 由于没接到回信，他决定再写一封信。（表示原因）

The dangerous can eat up a person in a few minutes, leaving only the bones.（表示结果） 成果测评

1. Peter received a letter just now ______________ his grandma would come to see him soon .

A. said B says C. saying D. to say

6

2. —Come on，please give me some ideas about the project.

—Sorry ． With so much work ___________ my mind ， I almost break down.

A ．filled

B filling

C．to fill

D being filled

3. —Do you think that housing price will keep __________ in the years to come?

—Sorry ， I have no idea ．

A. lifting up B．going up C ． bringing up D． growing up

4．As the light turned green ， I stood for a moment ， not __________ , and asked myself what I was

going to do ．

A ．moved B moving

C． to move

D．being moved

5. We often provide our children with toys ， footballs or basketballs ， ______________ that all children

like these things ．

A ．thinking B． think C．to think

D． thought 6．The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket ____________ the desert ．

A ．covering B．covered

C．cover

D．to cover

7．If you think that treating a woman well means always ____________ her permission for things

think again ．

A ．gets

B．got

C． to get

D． getting

on the head with a rod 8．After he became conscious，

he remembered __________ and ___________

A．to attack ；hit C．attacking ； be hit B．to be attacked ； to be hit

D ． having been attacked ；hit 9．Don' t sit there

A ．do

B．to do

C．doing

D. and doing

nothing．Come and help me with this table ．

10．My cousin came to see me from the country ， ____________ me a full basket of fresh fruits ． A ．brought

B． bringing

C．to bring

D． had brought

11． Whenever he was asked why he was late for class，he would answer carelessly，always the same thing．

A ．saying

B ． said

C．to say

D． having said

12．—There is a story here in the paper about a 110-year-old man

— My goodness! I can ' t imagine ______________ that o．ld A ．to be B．to have been C． being D． having been 13．It is difficult to imagine his __________ the decision without any consideration ．

A ．accept B ． accepting C． to accept D ． accepted

14．I was told that there were about 50 foreign students ___________ Chinese in the school ， most were from Germany ．

A．study；of whom B．study ；of them C．studying ；of them D．studying ；of whom

15．When ____________ different cultures ，we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities ．

A ．compared B．being compared C．comparing D ．having compared

7

．