八年级下册第八单元知识点及课后练习

现在完成时讲解现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的

，持续到现在的动作

（用行为动词表示）或状态（ be动词表示）常与for（ +时间段），since （ +时间点或过去时 的句子）连用.

① fo叶时间段 Mary has been ill

② si nce+过去一个时间点（译为：自从 ..... 以来）I have lived here si nee 1998. 时间段 +ago I have lived here since six years ago.

④ sin ce+ 从句（过去时） I have lived here since I was born. ⑤ It is+ 时段 +since+ 从句（过去时）It ' s since I lived here.

瞬间动词（buy,die,join,come , go ,leave,join ••••）•不能直接与 for since 连用。要改变动 词 buy——have; borrow ——keep; come/arrive/reach/get to——be in go out——be out ; leave

----be away ; begin——be on ; finish——be over ; open----be open ; close ——be closed ; die——be dead

★ 1.have 代替 buy

My brother has had（ 不能用 has bought） this bike for almost four years. ★ 2、用 keep 或 have 代替 borrow

I have kept（ 不能用 have borrowed） the book for quite a few days. ★ 3、用 be 替代 become

How long has your sister bee n a teacher? ★ 4、用 have a cold 代替 catch a cold

Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday. ★ 5、用 wear 代替 put on b）

用“ b&形容词”表示一种状态，表延续性

③si nce+

1、be + married 代 marry 2、be + ill 代 fall （get） ill 3、be + dead 代 die 4、be + asleep 代 fall （get） asleep

5、be + awake 代 wake/wake up 6 、be + gone 代 lose,die,sell,leave 7、be + open 代 open 8、be closed 代 close/shut 9、be + miss in g（go ne,lost） 代 lose c）

用“ b&副词”表示一种状态，表延续性，代终止性动词

1 “ bdk on \"代 start,begin 2 羊 be\"代 get up

3 “ bdk back（to） 代 return to,come back to,go back to

4 “ be here （there） 代 come（arrive,reach,get） here 或 go （arrive,reach,get） there 等等 d）

用“ b&介词短语”代终止性动词

1. “ be in/at 地点\"代替 go to /come to 2. 用 be in the army 代替 join the army 3. “ be in/at 地点\"代替 move to

UNIT9 has go ne （to）,has been （to）, has been （in） 的区别 Have/Has gone（to）: 去了（现在不在说话现场） Where is your father ? He has gone to Shanghai. Have/Has bee n （to）: 去过（已不在去过的地方）

My father has bee n to Shan ghai.

Have/has been in :呆了多久（还在所呆的地方）

My father has bee n in Shan ghai for two mon ths. /since two mon ths ago. （2） 现在完成时讲解 2

一. 基本结构：助动词 have/has+过去分词（done） 二. 基本句型：

否定句：主语 +have/has+not+ 过去分词+其他. 一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他.

简略答语：Yes,主语 + have/has.（肯定）No,主语 + haven't/hasn't.（ 否定） 五•现在完成时的标志

现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响 含义：

* 以 already, just 和 yet 为标志 He has already got her help.

他已得到她的帮助。

他还没有回来。

He has just seen the film.

他刚刚看过

，用以下四大标志词可以表达这种

这场电影。 He has n't come back yet.

*

*以ever和never为标志 This is the best film I have ever seen. 一部电影。 He has never been to Beiji ng.

他从没有到过北京。

这是我曾经看过的最好的 以动作发生的次数为标志

* 以 so far （到

He says he has been to the USA three times. 目前为止）为标+before

He has got to Beiji ng so far.

他说他已经去过美国三次了。

到目前为止他已到了北京。

到目前为止她已经通过了考试。

She has passed the examso far. 3 三•用法

现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 I have spent all of my money （so far）.（ 含义是：现在我没有钱花了 .） Guo zijun （含义：郭子君现在在这儿

）

）

，如yesterday,last week, three years ago

My father to work.（含义是：我爸爸现在不在这儿 注意：现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用

等;2）不能与when连用2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用

现在完成时练习（一一） A） 选用have, has 填空：

1.1 ______ told him the n ews. 2.She ________ come back from school. 3. You _______ won the game. B） 按要求改写下列各句：

4. They have bought a computer.（ 改成否定句 ）

5. He has lost his book.

（先改成一般疑问句，再作肯定与否定回答）

4

Both his parents look sad . Maybe they ________ what's happe ned to him . （呼和浩特）

A. knew B . have known C . must know D .will know

2、He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ?

4

A . already B .never C .ever D . still

3. Have you met Mr Li ______

?

A . just B . ago C .before D . a moment ago

4.

A . is writing B .was writing C .wrote D .has written

5. ----- A . has changed ; well B . changed ; good

C . has changed ; better D . changed ; better A . was ; studying C . has ; studied D . are ; studying

—These farmers have bee n to the Un ited States . —Really ? When _____ there ?

A . will they go B . did they go C . do they go D . have they gone

10、 ---- Yes . I _____ it a mome nt ago .

A . Did ; do ; finished B . Have ; done ; finished C . Have ; done ; have finished

D . will ; do ; finish

、 5

C）单项选择

6. -- -Where have you ___ , Kate? ---I've _____ to the bank. A. gone, gone B. been, been C. gone, been D. been, gone 7. Her gran dfather _____ for two years.

A. died B. has died C. has bee n dead D. has bee n died 8. It's six weeks _____ I met you last. A. whe n B. since C. before D. for

9. Tom and Jack have arrived at West Hill Farm already. A. have got B. have gone to C. have bee n to D. have reached

、 单项选择。 1

、6、7、We Xiao Li since she was a little girl .

known

D . knew

8

、

A . will see B . have seen C . saw D .see 9

、

11、His father the Party since 1978 . A . joined B . has joined C . was in D . has been in

12、 — Do you know him well ?

— Sure .We ________ frie nds since ten years ago .

6

A . were B . have been C . have become D . have made

13、 — How long have you __ here ?

—About two mon ths .

A . been B . gone C . come D . arrived

14、 Hurry up! The play _________ for ten minutes .

A . has begun B . had begun C . has been on D . began

15、 It _____ ten years since he left the army .

A . is B . has C . will D . was

B . will ; study

现在完成时练习（二）

A . know B . had known C . have

16、 Miss Gree n isn't in the office . she ______ to the library .

A .has gone B . went C .will go D . has been

17、 My parents _____ Shandong for ten years .

A . have been in C . have gone to B . have been to D . have been

' t they

18、 The students have cleaned the classroom, ? A. so they B. don ' t they C. have they D. haven

19、 has Mr White bee n a member of Gree ner China since he to China? A. How soon, comes B. How ofte n, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived 20、 His uncle ___ for more tha n 9 years. A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the uni versity 二、 句型转换。

1、 He has never surfed, ? 2、 对划线部分提问） ___ ________ they bee n here?

3、 The old man ________ last year. He ___________ for a year. （die） （动词填空）

4、 This factory opened twenty years ago.（ This factory _______ for twenty years. 5、 Miss Gao left an hour ago.（ 同义句转换）

Miss Gao ________________________________ an hour ago. 6、 Her mother has been a Party member for three years . Her mother ______ the Party three years _________ . 7、 The Gree n Family moved to Fra nee two years ago.（

同义句转换 ） （同义句）

同义句转换 ）

（改成反意疑问句）

______ two years _________ the Gree n family moved to Fran ce. 8、 The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago.（ 三、 汉译英。

1、 吉姆已做完作业，他现在有空了。 2、 他昨天收到一圭寸信。 3、 我父亲以前到过长城。 4、 她还没有看过那部新电影。 5、 她去过上海。 6、 他这些天上哪儿去了？ 参： 一、单项选择。

1、 现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，或过去发生的动作还未结束， 一直持续到现在或将来，重点在于对现在的影响。

这种考查难度较大， 往往无时间状语，需要从

上下文分析、推理才行。故上两侧根据上下文分析、推理，正确答案是B。

2、 现在完成时常与 already （已经），just （刚刚，正好），ever （曾经），never （从来, 也不；从不），before （以前），yet （仍然）等连用。故 2应选B。

3、 C

把两个句子合并成一个句子 ）

4、 现在完成时常与 recently （近来），so far （到目前为止），in the past/ 等时间状语连用。因为上述短语表示的是从现在起往前推算的一段时间， 一时间或时刻开始持续到现在的。故

5、 C

4应选D。

\"last段时间”

句中的动作是从过去某

6、 现在完成时时常与 “ for时间段或si nee +过去时间点”连用（含从句，从句过去时）。故 6应选C。

7、 C

8、 现在完成时还与 once （一次），twice （两次），three times （三次），several times （几次）等表示重复次数的词语连用。故 8应选B。

9、 现在完成时与一般过去时容易混淆，就是因为它们所表示的动作都发生在过去，但二者 又有区别：一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、

存在的状态或经常发生的动作，

说话的侧重

点在于陈述一件过去的事情， 与现在没有关系；现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的动

作，它不与表示过去的时间状语（如 yesterday , last week , a moment ago 等）连用。故 9的 正确答案为B。

10、 B

11、 现在完成时中，非延续性动词不能与

常是用相应的延续性动词来代替。故

12、 B 13、A 14、C 15、A。

16、 “ have/has gone to +地点\"表示 某人去了某地（还未回来） 9

\"have/has been in +地点\"表示 在某地呆了多长时间”，常与表示时间的状语连用。

\"have/has been to +地点\"表示 曾经去过某地（但现在已不在那儿）。

17、 A 18、D 19、C 20、C 二、 句型转换。

1、has he? 2、How long 3、died, has been dead 4、has been open 5 、has been away 6 、joined ； ago 7、It is, since 8 、The bus has been here for ten minutes. 三、 汉译英。

1、 Jim has finished doing his homework already. He is free now. 2、 He received a letter yesterday.

3、 My father has been to the Great Wall before. 4、 She has n't see n the new film yet. 5、 She has been to Shanghai. 6、 Where has he been these days ?

\"故16的正确答案为 A。 ”，指主语所指的人不在这 儿。

for和since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，通

D。

11的正确答案依次为：