人教新目标英语八年级下册Unit2 单元知识点总结

一．单元单词

单词 clean up cheer cheer up give out volunteer come up with put off sign notice hand out call up used to lonely care for several strong feeling satisfaction joy owner madam sir interest change understand 意思 单词 try out journey raise midnight alone repair fix fix up give away take after broken wheel letter Miss set up disabled make a difference blind deaf imagine difficulty open door carry train 意思 clever kindness 二．单元解析 Section A

excited training 1. clean up ”打扫;清除” ，是由“动词+副词”构成的，当后接名词作宾语时，放在up前后都可以，但是当宾语是代词时，代词一定要放在up前，即clean和up之间。 eg:① I need to clean up my room.=I need to clean my room up. ②My room is in a mess, I need to clean it up.

2. help out with帮助...摆脱；帮助...解决难题eg: Could you please help out with house and kids? help用法：(1) help to do sth. 帮助做某事 eg: Could you help to open the window?

(2) help sb.(to) do sth.=help sb. (in) doing sth. 帮助某人做某事

eg: He often helps me (to ) study English.=He often helps me (in) studying English.

(3) help (sb.) with sth. 在某一方面帮助某人eg: You can help me with the things.

3. need (1) 实义动词，意为“需要”后接名词，代词或动词不定式。

① need to do sth. “需要做某事”eg: I need to learn English hard.

② need sb. to do sth. “需要某人做某事”eg: We need you to help us with sports. (2) 情态动词，意为“需要”，没有人称和数的变化，后接动词原形，多用于否定 句和疑问句中。eg: You needn’t worry about me.

4. notice 可n. “通知，通告”

不可n.“注意” eg: Let’s make some notices. v. “注意到，意识到”

① notice sb. doing sth.注意到某人正在做某事。eg: He noticed the boy following him. ②notice sb. do sth. 注意到某人经常做某事或注意到某人做某事的全过程。 eg: I noticed him leave the room.

③notice that... 注意到.... eg: I noticed that she was happy. 5. make v.“制作，做” eg: I want to make some cakes. 使役动词“使....，让....”

①make sb. do sth. 使某人做.... eg: Paul makes his son do his homework. ②make sb.+ adj. 使某人... eg：This music makes me relaxed.

6. used to do 过去常常做... eg: I used to get up early. didn’t use to do 过去常常不... eg: He didn’t use to wear glasses. be used to do 被用来做... eg: Computers are used to do many things. be used to doing 习惯于做... eg:She isn’t used to living in the countryside now. 7. alone adv. 独自地，没有情感色彩。 eg: I like to stay at home alone.

lonely adj. 孤独的，寂寞的，指情感上的孤独。 eg: A lot of old people felt lonely. 8. care for=look after=take care of “照顾，照料”

eg：This mother is caring for/looking after/taking care of her baby.

9. (1) each 强调个性，着眼个体。 ① each+n.单，谓语用单数 eg: Each student has a book. ② each of+n.复或pron，谓语用单数 eg：Each of us has a gift. ③ 复数主语+each，谓语用复数 eg: They each have ten books. (2) every 强调共性，着眼于整体 用于n.单前，不能与of连用。 eg: Every member in my family likes excising.

10. (1) such+adj.+不可n. eg: I get such good bread.

(2) such+adj.+可n.复 eg: I have never seen such beautiful flowers. (3) such+a/an+adj.+可n.单 eg: She has such a lovely baby.

(4) so+adj.+a/an+可n.单 eg: I have so strong a feeling of satisfaction. (5) so+many/much/few/little+n. eg：There is so many people in the park. 11. (1) decide v. 决定，选定 decide to do sth. 决定做某事

(2) decision n.决定，抉择 make a decision to do sth.=decide to do sth. 决定做某事 eg：I decide to learn English hard.=I make a decision to learn English hard. Section B

12. (1) run out of “用光，耗尽”是“动词+副词+介词”构成的短语。=use up eg：There is no ink. I’ve run out of it. =I’ve use it up.

(2) ran out “用光，耗尽”，没有被动语态，主语常为“时间，金钱”等无生命的东西。 eg：My money ran out. =I ran out of my money.

13. (1) repair 侧重修理大件或复杂东西，如房屋、车辆、电视、汽车等。 eg:My dad is repairing his bike.

(2) mend 侧重于修日用品或缝补衣物等。eg: She is mending her skirt.

(3) fix （非正式）固定结实，装配等东西，可修补任何东西。eg: Can you fix the car?

14. sure adj.“确信的，有把握的”eg: I am not sure yet. (1) be sure to do sth. “一定要，务必” eg: Be sure to give your family my gift. (2) be sure of about/ doing sth.“对某事有把握” eg: Are you sure of winning the game? (3) be sure (that)+从句 “确信，肯定” eg: I’m pretty sure (that) he will agree. 15. make it possible for sb. to do sth. “使某人做某事是可能的” eg: He believe that the god makes it possible for him to achieve his dream. 16. (1) make a difference 有影响，起作用 eg：The teacher ‘s words have made a difference. (2) make a difference to sb./sth. 对某人有影响，起作用 eg: Changing schools made a big difference to my life. (3) make no difference没影响；没作用 eg: It makes no difference to me whether you go or not. 17. imagine v.想象；设想 imagine doing sth.想象做某事。 eg: She couldn’t imagine living in a place like that. 18. difficulty n. 困难，难题，表示具体意义上的“困难”（如难事、难点、难题等）是可数名词；表示抽象意义的“困难”时，则为不可数名词。 (1) have difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难 eg: I have great difficulty (in) doing the work. (2) have difficulties with sth. 在某方面有困难 eg: Do you have any difficulties with English? 19. carry v.拿，提，扛 carry 拿，提，扛 没有方向性，具有负重的含义，表示搬运，携带 take 拿走，带走 指把人或物从说话者所在的地方带到别处。有方向性。 bring 拿来，带来 指把人或物从别的地方带到说话者所在的地方。有方向性。 get/fetch 去取，去拿 指到某地去把某人或某物带来或拿来。表示来回。 eg: He was carrying a big bag.

eg: Mark often takes his books to Bess’s house to study.

eg: My father brought home a book for me. eg: Can you go and get some water for us?

20. a friend of mine= one of my friends 我的一位朋友 eg：John is a friend of my father’s. 21. be excited about 对....感到兴奋

be excited about doing sth.= be excited to do sth. “做某事感到很兴奋”

eg：Jack was excited about traveling there by plane.=Jack was excited to travel there by plane. excited adj. 感到兴奋的，常用来修饰人（主语通常是人） exciting adj. 令人兴奋的，常用来说明事物（主语通常是事物） 22. interest n. 兴趣；关注v. 使感兴趣，使关注 have (an) interest in=be interested in 对...感兴趣

eg: I have (an) interest in English.=I am interested in English.

have no interest in 对...不感兴趣 eg: I have no interest in history at all. take an interest in 对...产生兴趣 eg: He takes an interest in teaching English. lose interest in 对...失去兴趣 eg: He lose interest in his work. 单元语法: 动词不定式作宾语、状语和宾语补足语

动词不定式的基本形式是: “to + 动词原形”，有时可以不带to, 没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能作谓语。

1. 动词不定式作宾语：其后常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：want, refuse, forget, need, try, agree, learn, choose, begin, start等。eg：He decided to help the homeless people.

2. 动词不定式作宾语补足语：其后常接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask, tell, make, teach, wish, invite, invite等。 eg: Sam asked me to help him to learn Chinese. 3. 动词不定式作状语：

(1) 作目的状语：可以放在句首，一般用逗号隔开。也可以放在句尾。 eg: To get there on time, they started early.

(2) 作结果状语：常用在 too......to...结构中 eg：The boy is too young to look after himself. (3) 作原因状语：常跟在作表语的形容词后。eg: I’m very happy to receive your letter.