一、写人记事
Passage 1
(2013浙江,D)
In 1974,after filling out fifty applications,going through four interviews,and winning one offer,I took what I could get—a teaching job at what I considered a distant wild area: western New Jersey.My characteristic optimism was alive only when I reminded myself that I would be doing what I had wanted to do since I was fourteen—teaching English.
School started,but I felt more and more as if I were in a foreign country.Was this rural area really New Jersey? My students took a week off when hunting season began.I was told they were also frequently absent in late October to help their fathers make hay on the farms.I was a young woman from New York City,who thought that “Make hay while the sun shines” just meant to have a good time.
But,still,I was teaching English.I worked hard,taking time off only to eat and sleep.And then there was my sixth-grade class—seventeen boys and five girls who were only six years younger than me.I had a problem long before I knew it.I was struggling in my work as a young idealistic teacher.I wanted to make literature come alive and to promote a love of the written word.The students wanted to throw spitballs and whisper dirty words in the back of the room.
In college I had been taught that a successful educator should ignore bad behavior.So I did,confident that,as the textbook had said,the bad behavior would disappear as I gave my students positive attention.It sounds reasonable,but the text evidently ignored the fact that humans,particularly teenagers,rarely seem reasonable.By the time my boss,who was also my taskmaster,known to be the
strictest,most demanding,most quick to fire inexperienced teachers,came into the classroom to observe me,the students exhibited very little good behavior to praise. My boss sat in the back of the room.The boys in the class were making animal noises,hitting each other while the girls filed their nails or read magazines.I just pretended it all wasn’t happening,and went on lecturing and tried to ask some inspiring questions.My boss,sitting in the back of the room,seemed to be growing bigger and bigger.After twenty minutes he left,silently.Visions of unemployment marched before my eyes.
I felt mildly victorious that I got through the rest of class without crying,but at my next free period I had to face him.I wondered if he would let me finish out the day.I walked to his office,took a deep breath,and opened the door.
He was sitting in his chair,and he looked at me long and hard.I said nothing.All I could think of was that I was not an English teacher; I had been lying to myself,pretending that everything was fine.
When he spoke,he said simply,without accusation,“You had nothing to say to them.”
“You had nothing to say to them.” he repeated.“No wonder they’re bored.Why not get to the meat of the literature and stop talking about symbolism.Talk with them,not at them.And more important,why do you ignore their bad behavior?” We talked.He named my problems and offered solutions.We role-played.He was the bad student,and I was the forceful,yet,warm,teacher.
As the year progressed,we spent many hours discussing literature and ideas about human beings and their motivations.He helped me identify my weaknesses and my strengths.In short,he made a teacher of me by teaching me the reality of Emerson’s words:“The secret to education lies in respecting the pupil.”
Fifteen years later I still drive that same winding road to the same
school.Thanks to the help I received that difficult first year,the school is my home now.
1.It can be inferred from the story that in 1974 . A.the writer became an optimistic person
B.the writer was very happy about her new job C.it was rather difficult to get a job in the USA D.it was easy to get a teaching job in New Jersey
2.According to the passage,which of the following is most probably the writer’s problem as a new teacher?( )
A.She had blind trust in what she learnt at college. B.She didn’t ask experienced teachers for advice. C.She took too much time off to eat and sleep. D.She didn’t like teaching English literature.
3.What is the writer’s biggest worry after her taskmaster’s observation of her class?( )
A.She might lose her teaching job.
B.She might lose her students’ respect.
C.She couldn’t teach the same class any more.
D.She couldn’t ignore her students’ bad behavior any more.
4.Which of the following gives the writer a sense of mild victory?( ) A.Her talk about symbolism sounded convincing. B.Her students behaved a little better than usual. C.She managed to finish the class without crying. D.She was invited for a talk by her boss after class.
5.The students behaved badly in the writer’s classes because . A.they were eager to embarrass her. B.she didn’t really understand them
C.they didn’t regard her as a good teacher. D.she didn’t have a good command of English
6.The taskmaster’s attitude towards the writer after his observation of her class can be best described as .
A.cruel but encouraging B.fierce but forgiving C.sincere and supportive D.angry and aggressive
Passage 2
(2013新课标全国Ⅰ,A)
Some people will do just about anything to save money.And I am one of them.Take my family’s last vacation.It was my six-year-old son’s winter break from school,and we were heading home from Fort Lauderdale after a week-long trip.The flight was overbooked,and Delta,the airline,offered us $400 per person in credits to give up our seats and leave the next day.I had meetings in New York,so I had to get back.But that didn’t mean my husband and my son couldn’t stay.I took my nine-month-old and took off for home.
The next day,my husband and son were offered more credits to take an even later flight.Yes,I encouraged—okay,ordered—them to wait it out at the airport to “earn” more Delta Dollars.Out total take: $1,600.Not bad,huh?
Now some people may think I’m a bad mother and not such a great wife either.But as a big-time bargain hunter,I know the value of a dollar.And these days,a good deal is something few of us can afford to pass up.
I’ve made a living looking for the best deals and exposing (揭露) the worst tricks.I have been the consumer reporter of NBC’s Today show for over a decade.I have written a couple of books including one titled Tricks of the Trade: A Consumer Survival Guide.And I really do what I believe in.
I tell you this because there is no shame in getting your money’s worth.I’m also tightfisted when it comes to shoes,clothes for my children,and expensive restaurants.But I wouldn’t hesitate to spend on a good haircut.It keeps its shape longer,and it’s the first thing people notice.And I will also spend on a classic piece of furniture.Quality lasts.
1.Why did Delta give the author’s family credits?( ) A.Their flight had been delayed. B.They had early bookings. C.They took a later flight.
D.Their flight had been cancelled.
2.What can we learn about the author?( ) A.She is very strict with her children. B.She seldom makes a compromise. C.She rarely misses a good deal.
D.She is interested in cheap products. 3.What does the author do?( )
A.She’s a teacher. B.She’s a housewife.
C.She’s a media person. D.She’s a businesswoman. 4.What does the author want to tell us?( ) A.How to expose bad tricks. B.How to reserve airline seats. C.How to spend money wisely. D.How to make a business deal.
Passage 3
(2013新课标全国Ⅱ,B)
In 1947 a group of famous people from the art world headed by an Austrian conductor decided to hold an international festival of music,dance and theatre in Edinburgh.The idea was to reunite Europe after the Second World War.
It quickly attracted famous names such as Alec Guinness,Richard Burton,Dame Margot Fonteyn and Marlene Dietrich as well as the big symphony orchestras(交响乐团).It became a fixed event every August and now attracts 400,000 people yearly.
At the same time,the “Fringe” appeared as a challenge to the official festival.Eight theatre groups turned up uninvited in 1947,in the belief that everyone should have the right to perform,and they did so in a public house disused for years.
Soon,groups of students firstly from Edinburgh University,and later from the universities of Oxford and Cambridge,Durham and Birmingham were making the journey to the Scottish capital each summer to perform theatre by little-known writers of plays in small church halls to the people of Edinburgh.
Today the “Fringe”,once less recognized,has far outgrown the festival with around 1,500 performances of theatre,music and dance on every one of the 21 days it lasts.And yet as early as 1959,with only 19 theatre groups performing,some said it was getting too big.
A paid administrator was first employed only in 1971,and today there are eight administrators working all year round and the number rises to 150 during August itself.In 2004 there were 200 places housing 1,695 shows by over 600 different groups from 50 different countries.More than 1.25 million tickets were sold. 1.What was the purpose of Edinburgh Festival at the beginning?( ) A.To bring Europe together again. B.To honor heroes of World War Ⅱ. C.To introduce young theatre groups. D.To attract great artists from Europe.
2.Why did some uninvited theatre groups come to Edinburgh in 1947?( ) A.They owned a public house there. B.They came to take up a challenge. C.They thought they were also famous.
D.They wanted to take part in the festival.
3.Who joined the “Fringe” after it appeared?( ) A.Popular writers
B.University students.
C.Artists from around the world. D.Performers of music and dance.
4.We may learn from the text that Edinburgh Festival . A.has become a non-official event B.has gone beyond an art festival C.gives shows all year round D.keeps growing rapidly
Passage 4
(2013湖北,A)
Some years ago,writing in my diary used to be a usual activity.I would return from school and spend the expected half hour recording the day’s events,feelings,and impressions in my little blue diary.I did not really need to express my emotions by way of words,but I gained a certain satisfaction from seeing my experiences forever recorded on paper.After all,isn’t accumulating memories a way of preserving the past?
When I was thirteen years old,I went on a long journey on foot in a great valley,well-equipped with pens,a diary,and a camera.During the trip,I was busy recording every incident,name and place I came across.I felt proud to be spending my time productively,dutifully preserving for future generations a detailed
description of my travels.On my last night there,I wandered out of my tent,diary in hand.The sky was clear and lit by the glare of the moon,and the walls of the valley looked threatening behind their screen of shadows.I automatically took out my pen...
At that point,I understood that nothing I wrote could ever match or replace the few seconds I allowed myself to experience the dramatic beauty of the valley.All I remembered of the previous few days were the dull characterizations I had set down in my diary.
Now,I only write in my diary when I need to write down a special thought or feeling.I still love to record ideas and quotations that strike me in books,or observations that are particularly meaningful.I take pictures,but not very often—only of objects I find really beautiful.I’m no longer blindly satisfied with having something to remember when I grow old.I realize that life will simply pass me by if I stay behind the camera,busy preserving the present so as to live it in the future.
I don’t want to wake up one day and have nothing but a pile of pictures and notes.Maybe I won’t have as many exact representations of people and places; maybe I’ll forget certain facts,but at least the experiences will always remain inside me.I don’t live to make memories—I just live,and the memories form themselves. 1.Before the age of thirteen,the author regarded keeping a diary as a way of .
A.observing her school routine B.expressing her satisfaction C.impressing her classmates D.preserving her history
2.What caused a change in the author’s understanding of keeping a diary?( ) A.A dull night on the journey. B.The beauty of the great valley. C.A striking quotation from a book. D.Her concerns for future generations.
3.What does the author put in her diary now?( ) A.Notes and beautiful pictures. B.Special thoughts and feelings.
C.Detailed accounts of daily activities. D.Descriptions of unforgettable events.
4.The author comes to realize that to live a meaningful life is . A.to experience it
B.to live the present in the future C.to make memories
D.to give accurate representations of it
Passage 5
(2013山东,A)
Jimmy is an automotive mechanic,but he lost his job a few months ago.He has a good heart,but always feared applying for a new job.
One day,he gathered up all his strength and decided to attend a job interview.His appointment was at 10 am and it was already 8:30.While waiting for a bus to the office where he was supposed to be interviewed,he saw an elderly man wildly kicking the tyre of his car.Obviously there was something wrong with the car.Jimmy immediately went up to lend him a hand.When Jimmy finished working on the car,the old man asked him how much he should pay for the service.Jimmy said there was no need to pay him;he just helped someone in need,and he had to rush for an interview.Then the old man said,“Well,I could take you to the office for your interview.It’s the least I could do.Please,I insist.”Jimmy agreed.
Upon arrival,Jimmy found a long line of applicants waiting to be
interviewed.Jimmy still had some grease on him after the car repair,but he did not have much time to wash it off or have a change of shirt.One by one,the applicants left the interviewer’s office with disappointed looks on their faces.Finally his name was called.The interviewer was sitting on a large chair facing the office window.Rocking the chair back and forth,he asked,“Do you really need to be
interviewed?”Jimmy’s heart sank.“With the way I look now,how could I possibly pass this interview?”he thought to himself.
Then the interviewer turned the chair and to Jimmy’s surprise,it was the old man he helped earlier in the morning.It turned out he was the General Manager of the company.
“Sorry I had to keep you waiting,but I was pretty sure I made the right decision to have you as part of our workforce before you even stepped into this office.I just know you’d be a trustworthy worker.Congratulations!”Jimmy sat down and they shared a cup of well-deserved coffee as he landed himself a new job. 1.Why did Jimmy apply for a new job?( ) A.He was out of work.
B.He was bored with his job. C.He wanted a higher position. D.He hoped to find a better boss.
2.What did Jimmy see on the way to the interview?( ) A.A friend’s car had a flat tyre. B.A wild man was pushing a car. C.A terrible car accident happened. D.An old man’s car broke down.
3.Why did the old man offer Jimmy a ride?( ) A.He was also to be interviewed. B.He needed a travelling companion. C.He always helped people in need. D.He was thankful to Jimmy.
4.How did Jimmy feel on hearing the interviewer’s question?( ) A.He was sorry for the other applicants. B.There was no hope for him to get the job. C.He regretted helping the old man. D.The interviewer was very rude.
5.What can we learn from Jimmy’s experience?( ) A.Where there’s a will,there’s a way. B.A friend in need is a friend indeed. C.Good is rewarded with good. D.Two heads are better than one.
Passage 6
(2013重庆,A)
The morning had been a disaster.My tooth was aching,and I’d been in an argument with a friend.Her words still hurt:“The trouble with you is that you won’t put yourself in my place.Can’t you see things from my point of view?”I shook my head stubbornly—and felt the ache in my tooth.I’d thought I could hold out till my dentist came back from holiday,but the pain was really unbearable.I started calling the dentists in the phone book,but no one could see me immediately.Finally,at about lunchtime,I got lucky.
“If you come by right now,”the receptionist said,“the dentist will fit you in.”
I took my purse and keys and rushed to my car.But suddenly I began to doubt about the dentist.What kind of dentist would be so eager to treat someone at such short notice?Why wasn’t he as busy as the others?
In the dentist’s office,I sat down and looked around.I saw nothing but the bare walls and I became even more worried.The assistant noticed my nervousness and placed her warm hand over my ice-cold one.
When I told her my fears,she laughed and said,“Don’t worry.The dentist is very good.”
“How long do I have to wait for him?”I asked impatiently.
“Come on,he is coming.Just lie down and relax.And enjoy the artwork,”the assistant said.
“The artwork?”I was puzzled. The chair went back.Suddenly I smiled.There was a beautiful picture,right where I could enjoy it:on the ceiling.How considerate the dentist was!At that moment,I began to understand what my friend meant by her words.
What a relief!
1.Which of the following best describes the author’s feeling that morning?( ) A.Cheerful. B.Nervous. C.Satisfied. D.Upset.
2.What made the author begin to doubt about the dentist?( ) A.The dentist’s agreeing to treat her at very short notice. B.The dentist’s being as busy as the other dentists. C.The surroundings of the dentist’s office. D.The laughing assistant of the dentist. 3.Why did the author suddenly smile?( ) A.Because the dentist came at last.
B.Because she saw a picture on the ceiling. C.Because she could relax in the chair.
D.Because the assistant kept comforting her.
4.What did the author learn from her experience most probably?( ) A.Strike while the iron is hot.
B.Have a good word for one’s friend. C.Put oneself in other’s shoes.
D.A friend in need is a friend indeed.
Passage 7
(2013天津,C)
Poet William Stafford once said that we are defined more by the detours(绕行路)in life than by the narrow road toward goals.I like this image.But it was quite by accident that I discovered the deep meaning of his words.
For years we made the long drive from our home in Seattle to my parents’ home in Boise in nine hours.We traveled the way most people do:the
fastest,shortest,easiest road,especially when I was alone with four noisy,restless kids who hate confinement()and have strong opinions about everything.
Road trips felt risky,so I would drive fast,stopping only when I had to.We would stick to the freeways and arrive tired.
But then Banner,our lamb was born.He was rejected by his mama days before our planned trip to Boise.I had two choices:leave Banner with my husband,or take him with me.My husband made the decision for me.
That is how I found myself on the road with four kids,a baby lamb and nothing but my everlasting optimism to see me through.We took the country roads out of necessity.We had to stop every hour,let Banner shake out his legs and feed him.The kids chased him and one another.They’d get back in the car breathless and energized,smelling fresh from the cold air.
We explored side roads,catching grasshoppers in waist-high grass.Even if we simply looked out of the car windows at baby pigs following their mother,or fish leaping out of the water,it was better than the best ride down the freeway.Here was life.And new horizons(见识).
We eventually arrived at my parents’ doorstep astonishingly fresh and full of stories.
I grew brave with the trip back home and creative with my disciplining
technique.On an empty section of road,everyone started quarreling.I stopped the car,ordered all kids out and told them to meet me up ahead.I parked my car half a mile away and read my book in sweet silence.
Some road trips are by necessity fast and straight.But that trip with Banner opened our eyes to a world available to anyone adventurous enough to wander around and made me realize that a detour may uncover the best part of a journey—and the best part of yourself.
1.Why did the author use to take freeways to her parents’ home?( ) A.It was less tiring.
B.It would be faster and safer.
C.Her kids would feel less confined.
D.She felt better with other drivers nearby.
2.The author stopped regularly on the country roads to . A.relax in the fresh air B.take a deep breath C.take care of the lamb
D.let the kids play with Banner
3.What does the author discover from the trip according to Paragraph 6?( ) A.Freeways are where beauty hides.
B.Getting close to nature adds to the joy of life.
C.Enjoying the beauty of nature benefits one’s health. D.One should follow side roads to watch wild animals.
4.Why did the author ask the kids to get out of the car on their way back home?( ) A.To give herself some time to read. B.To order some food for them. C.To play a game with them. D.To let them cool down.
5.What could be the best title for the passage?( ) A.Charm of the Detour B.The Road to Bravery
C.Creativity out of Necessity D.Road Trip and Country Life
Passage 8
(2012全国Ⅰ,C)
Last night I was driving from Harrisburg to Lewisburg,a distance of about eighty miles.It was late.Several times I got stuck behind a slow-moving truck on a narrow road with a solid white line on my left,and I became increasingly impatient.
At one point along an open road,I came to a crossing with a traffic light.I was alone on the road by now,but as I drove near the light,it turned red and I made a stop.I looked left,right and behind me.Nothing.Not a car,no suggestion of car lamps,but there I sat,waiting for the light to change,the only human being for at least a mile in any direction.
I started wondering why I refused to run the light.I was not afraid of being caught,because there was clearly no policeman around,and there certainly would have been no danger in going through it.
Much later that night,the question of why I’d stopped for that light came back to me.I think I stopped because it’s part of a contract (契约)we all have with each other.It’s not only the law,but it’s an agreement we have,and we trust each other to honor it: we don’t go through red lights.
Trust is our first inclination (倾向).Doubting others does not seem to be natural to us.The whole construction of our society depends on mutual (相互)trust,not distrust.We do what we say we’ll do; we show up when we say we’ll show up; and we pay when we say we’ll pay.We trust each other in these matters,and we’re angry or disappointed with the person or organization that breaks the trust we have in them.
I was so proud of myself for stopping for the red light that night. 1.Why did the author get impatient while driving?( ) A.He was lonely on the road. B.He was slowed down by a truck. C.He got tired of driving too long.
D.He came across too many traffic lights.
2.What was the author’s immediate action when the traffic light turned red?( ) A.Stopping still. B.Driving through it.
C.Looking around for other cars. D.Checking out for traffic police.
3.The event made the author strongly believe that . A.traffic rules may be unnecessary B.doubting others is human nature C.patience is important to drivers D.a society needs mutual trust
4.Why was the author proud of himself?( ) A He kept his promise. B.He held back his anger.
C.He followed his inclination. D.He made a right decision.
Passage 9
(2012新课标全国,C)
About twenty of us had been fortunate enough to receive invitations to a film-studio (影棚) to take part in a crowd-scene.Although our “act” would last only for a short time,we could see quite a number of interesting things.
We all stood at the far end of the studio as workmen prepared the scene,setting up trees at the edge of a winding path.Very soon,bright lights were turned on and the big movie-camera was wheeled into position.The director shouted something to the camera operator and then went to speak to the two famous actors nearby.Since it was hot in the studio,it came as a surprise to us to see one of the actors put on a heavy overcoat and start walking along the path.A big fan began blowing tiny white feathers down on him,and soon the trees were covered in “snow”.Two more fans were turned on,and a “strong wind” blew through the trees.The picture looked so real that it made us feel cold.
The next scene was a complete contrast (对比).The way it was filmed was quite unusual.Pictures taken on an island in the Pacific were shown on a glass screen.An actor and actress stood in front of the scene so that they looked as if they were at the water’s edge on an island.By a simple trick like this,palm trees,sandy beaches,and blue,clear skies had been brought into the studio!
Since it was our turn next,we were left wondering what scene would be prepared for us.For a full three minutes in our lives we would be experiencing the excitement of being film “stars”! 1.Who is the author?( )
A.A cameraman. B.A film director.
C.A crowd-scene actor.
D.A workman for scene setting.
2.What made the author feel cold?( )
A.The heavy snowfall. B.The man-made scene. C.The low temperature. D.The film being shown. 3.What would happen in the “three minutes” mentioned in the last paragraph?( ) A.A new scene would be filmed.
B.More stars would act in the film. C.The author would leave the studio. D.The next scene would be prepared.
Passage 10
(2012安徽,C)
When Frida Kahlo’s paintings were on show in London,a poet described her paintings as “a ribbon (丝带)around a bomb”.Such comments seem to suggest Kahlo had a big influence on the art world of her time.Sadly,she is actually a much bigger name today than she was during her time.
Born in 1907 in a village near Mexico City,Kahlo suffered from polio (小儿麻痹症)at the age of seven.Her spine (脊柱)became bent as she grew older.Then,in 1925,her back was broken in several places in a school-bus accident.Throughout the rest of her life,the artist had many operations,but nothing was able to cure the terrible pain in her back.However,the accident had an unexpected side effect.While lying in her bed recovering,Kahlo taught herself to paint.
In 1929,she got married to Diego Rivera,another famous Mexican artist.Rivera’s strong influence on Kahlo’s style can be seen in her early works,but her later works from the 1940s,known today as her best works,show less influence from her husband.
Unfortunately,her works did not attract much attention in the 1930s and
1940s,even in her home country.Her first one-woman show in Mexico was not held until 1953.For more than a decade after her death in 19,Kahlo’s works remained largely unnoticed by the world,but in the 1970s her works began to gain international fame at last. 1.What does the phrase “a much bigger name” in Paragraph 1 most nearly mean?( ) A.a far better artist
B.a far more gifted artist C.a much stronger person D.a much more famous person
2.The terrible pain Kahlo suffered was caused by . A.polio B.her bent spine
C.back injuries D.the operations she had
3.Kahlo’s style had become increasingly independent since the . A.1930s B.1940s C.1950s D.1970s
4.What is the author’s attitude toward Kahlo?( ) A.Devotion. B.Sympathy.
C.Worry. D.Encouragement.
Passage 11
(2012浙江,D)
As a young boy,I sometimes traveled the country roads with my dad.He was a rural mail carrier,and on Saturdays he would ask me to go with him.Driving through the
countryside was always an adventure:There were animals to see,people to visit,and chocolate cookies if you knew where to stop,and Dad did.
In the spring,Dad delivered boxes full of baby chickens,and when I was a boy it was such fun to stick your fingers through one of the holes of the boxes and let the baby birds peck on your fingers.
On Dad’s final day of work,it took him well into the evening to complete his rounds because at least one member from each family was waiting at their mailbox to thank him for his friendship and his years of service.“Two hundred and nineteen mailboxes on my route,”he used to say,“and a story at every one.”One lady had no mailbox,so Dad took the mail in to her every day because she was nearly blind.Once inside,he read her mail and helped her pay her bills.
Mailboxes were sometimes used for things other than mail.One note left in a mailbox read,“Nat,take these eggs to Marian;she’s baking a cake and doesn’t have any eggs.”Mailboxes might be buried in the snow,or broken,or lying on the ground,but the mail was always delivered.On cold days Dad might find one of his customers waiting for him with a cup of hot chocolate.A young girl wrote letters but had no stamps,so she left a few buttons on the envelope in the mailbox;Dad paid for the stamps.One businessman used to leave large amounts of cash in his mailbox for Dad to take to the bank.Once,the amount came to $32,000.
A dozen years ago,when I traveled back to my hometown on the sad occasion of Dad’s death,the mailboxes along the way reminded me of some of his stories.I thought I knew them all,but that wasn’t the case.
As I drove home,I noticed two lamp poles,one on each side of the street.When my dad was around,those poles supported wooden boxes about four feet off the ground.One box was painted green,and the other was red,and each had a long narrow hole at the top with white lettering:SANTA CLAUS,NORTH POLE.For years children had dropped letters to Santa through those holes.
I made a turn at the corner and drove past the post office and across the railroad tracks to our house.Mom and I were sitting at the kitchen table when I heard footsteps.There,at the door,stood Frank Townsend,Dad’s postmaster and great friend for many years.So we all sat down at the table and began to tell stories.
At one point Frank looked at me with tears in his eyes.“What are we going to do about the letters this Christmas?”he asked.
“The letters?”
“I guess you never knew.” “Knew what?”
“Remember,when you were a kid and you used to put your letters to Santa in those green and red boxes on Main Street?It was your dad who answered all those letters every year.”
I just sat there with tears in my eyes.It wasn’t hard for me to imagine Dad sitting at the old oak table in our basement reading those letters and answering each one.I have since spoken with several of the people who received Christmas letters during their childhood,and they told me how amazed they were that Santa had known so much about their homes and families.
For me,just knowing that story about my father was the gift of a lifetime. 1.It can be inferred from the passage that the writer regarded his travels with Dad as .
A.great chances to help other people
B.happy occasions to play with baby chickens C.exciting experiences with a lot of fun
D.good opportunities to enjoy chocolate cookies
2.The writer provides the detail about the businessman to show that . A.Dad had a strong sense of duty B.Dad was an honest and reliable man C.Dad had a strong sense of honor D.Dad was a kind and generous man
3.According to the passage,which of the following impressed the writer most?( ) A.Dad read letters for a blind lady for years. B.Dad paid for the stamps for a young girl. C.Dad delivered some eggs to Marian.
D.Dad answered children’s Christmas letters every year.
4.The method the writer uses to develop Paragraph 4 is . A.offering analyses B.providing explanations C.giving examples D.making comparisons
5.What surprised the children most when they received letters in reply from Santa Claus every year?( )
A.Santa Claus lived alone in the cold North Pole. B.Santa Claus answered all their letters every year. C.Santa Claus had unique mailboxes for the children.
D.Santa Claus had so much information about their families.
6.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?( ) A.The Mail B.Christmas Letters
C.Special Mailboxes D.Memorable Travels
Passage 12
(2012北京,B)
Peanuts to This
Proudly reading my words,I glanced around the room,only to find my classmates bearing big smiles on their faces and tears in their eyes.Confused,I glanced toward my stone-faced teacher.Having no choice,I slowly raised the report I had slaved over,hoping to hide myself.“What could be causing everyone to act this way?”
Quickly,I flashed back to the day Miss Lancelot gave me the task.This was the first real task I received in my new school.It seemed simple: go on the Internet and find information about a man named George Washington.Since my idea of history came from an ancient teacher in my home country,I had never heard of that name before.As I searched the name of this fellow,it became evident that there were two people bearing the same name who looked completely different! One invented hundreds of uses for peanuts,while the other led some sort of army across America.I stared at the screen,wondering which one my teacher meant.I called my grandfather for a golden piece of advice:flip (掷) a coin.Heads—the commander,and tails—the peanut guy.Ah! Tails,my report would be about the great man who invented peanut butter,George Washington Carver.
Weeks later,standing before this unfriendly mass,I was totally lost.Oh well,I lowered the paper and sat down at my desk,burning to find out what I had done wrong.As a classmate began his report,it all became clear,“My report is on George
Washington,the man who started the American Revolution.”The whole world became quiet! How could I know that she meant that George Washington?
Obviously,my grade was awful.Heartbroken but fearless,I decided to turn this around.I talked to Miss Lancelot,but she insisted: No re-dos; no new grade.I felt that the punishment was not justified,and I believed I deserved a second
chance.Consequently,I threw myself heartily into my work for the rest of the school year.Ten months later,that chance unfolded as I found myself sitting in the headmaster’s office with my grandfather,now having an entirely different
conversation.I smiled and flashed back to the embarrassing moment at the beginning of the year as the headmaster informed me of my option to skip the sixth grade.Justice is sweet!
1.What did the author’s classmates think about his report?( ) A.Controversial. B.Ridiculous. C.Boring. D.Puzzling.
2.Why was the author confused about the task?( ) A.He was unfamiliar with American history. B.He followed the advice and flipped a coin. C.He forgot his teacher’s instruction. D.He was new at the school.
3.The underlined word “burning” in Para.3 probably means . A.annoyed B.ashamed C.ready D.eager
4.In the end,the author turned things around . A.by redoing his task B.through his own efforts
C.with the help of his grandfather D.under the guidance of his headmaster
Passage 13
(2012广东,C)
I was blind, but I was ashamed of it if it was known. I refused to use a white stick and hated asking for help. After all, I was a teenage girl, and I couldn’t bear people to look at me and think I was not like them. I must have been a terrible danger on the roads. Coming across me wandering through the traffic, motorists probably would have to step rapidly on their brakes. Apart from that, there were all sorts of disasters that used to occur on the way to and from work.
One evening, I got off the bus about halfway home where I had to change buses, and as usual I ran into something. “I’m awfully sorry,”I said and stepped forward only to run into it again. When it happened a third time, I realized I had been apologizing to a lamppost. This was just one of the stupid things that constantly happened to me. So I carried on and found the bus stop, which was a request stop, where the bus wouldn’t stop unless passengers wanted to get on or off. No one else was there and I had to try to guess if the bus had arrived.
Generally in this situation, because I hated showing I was blind by asking for help, I tried to guess at the sound. Sometimes I would stop a big lorry and stand there feeling stupid as it drew away. In the end, I usually managed to swallow my pride and ask someone at the stop for help.
But on this particular evening no one joined me at the stop; it seemed that everyone had suddenly decided not to travel by bus. Of course I heard plenty of buses pass, or I thought I did. But because I had given up stopping them for fear of making a fool of myself, I let them all go by. I stood there alone for half an hour without stopping one. Then I gave up. I decided to walk on to the next stop.
1.The girl refused to ask for help because she thought . A.she might be recognized
B.asking for help looked silly C.she was normal and independent D.being found blind was embarrassing
2.After the girl got off the bus that evening, she . A.began to run B.hit a person as usual
C.hit a lamppost by accident D.was caught by something 3.At the request stop that evening, the girl A.stopped a big lorry B.stopped the wrong bus
C.made no attempt to stop the bus D.was not noticed by other people
4.What was the problem with guessing at the sound to stop a bus?( ) A.Other vehicles also stopped there.
B.It was unreliable for making judgments.
C.More lorries than buses responded to the girl.
D.It took too much time for the girl to catch the bus.
5.Finally the girl decided to walk to the next stop, hoping . A.to find people there B.to find more buses there
C.to find the bus by herself there D.to find people more helpful there
Passage 14
(2012四川,A)
On a hill 600 feet above the surrounding land,we watch the lines of rain move across the scene,the moon rise over the hills,and the stars appear in the sky.The views invite a long look from a comfortable chair in front of the wooden house.
Every window in our wooden house has a view,and the forest and lakes seldom look the same as the hour before.Each look reminds us where we are.
There is space for our three boys to play outside,to shoot arrows,collect tree seeds,build earth houses and climb trees.
Our kids have learned the names of the trees,and with the names have come familiarity and appreciation.As they tell all who show even a passing interest,maple (枫树) makes the best fighting sticks and white pines are the best climbing trees.
The air is clean and fresh.The water from the well has a pleasant taste,and it is perhaps the healthiest water our kids will ever drink.Though they have one glass a day of juice and the rest is water,they never say anything against that.
The seasons change just outside the door.We watch the maples turn every shade of yellow and red in the fall and note the poplars’ (杨树) putting out the first green leaves of spring.The rainbow smelt fills the local stream as the ice gradually disappears,and the wood frogs start to sing in pools after being frozen for the winter.A family of birds rules our skies and flies over the lake. 1.What can be learned from Paragraph 2?( ) A.The scenes are colorful and changeable. B.There are many windows in the wooden house.
C.The views remind us that we are in a wooden house.
D.The lakes outside the windows are quite different in color.
2.By mentioning the names of the trees,the author aims to show that . A.the kids like playing in trees
B.the kids are very familiar with trees C.the kids have learned much knowledge
D.the kids find trees useful learning tools
3.What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean?( ) A.The change of seasons is easily felt. B.The seasons make the scenes change.
C.The weather often changes in the forest.
D.The door is a good position to enjoy changing seasons.
4.What is the main purpose of the author writing the text?( ) A.To describe the beauty of the scene around the house. B.To introduce her children’s happy life in the forest. C.To show that living in the forest is healthful. D.To share the joy of living in the nature.
Passage 15
(2011浙江,D)
It was Saturday.As always,it was a busy one,for “Six days shall you labor and do all your work”was taken seriously back then.Outside,Father and Mr.Patrick next door were busy chopping firewood.Inside their own houses,Mother and Mrs. Patrick were engaged in spring cleaning.
Somehow the boys had slipped away to the back lot with their kites.Now,even at the risk of having Brother caught to beat carpets,they had sent him to the kitchen for more string(线).It seemed there was no limit to the heights to which kites would fly today.
My mother looked at the sitting room,its furniture disordered for a thorough sweeping.Again she cast a look toward the window. “Come on,girls!Let’s take string to the boys and watch them fly the kites a minute.”
On the way we met Mrs. Patrick,laughing guiltily as if she were doing something wrong,together with her girls.
There never was such a day for flying kites! We played all our fresh string into the boys’ kites and they went up higher and higher.We could hardly distinguish the orange-colored spots of the kites.Now and then we slowly pulled one kite
back,watching it dancing up and down in the wind,and finally bringing it down to earth,just for the joy of sending it up again.
Even our fathers dropped their tools and joined us.Our mothers took their turn,laughing like schoolgirls. I think we were all beside ourselves.Parents forgot their duty and their dignity;children forgot their everyday fights and little jealousies.“Perhaps it’s like this in the kingdom of heaven,”I thought confusedly.
It was growing dark before we all walked sleepily back to the houses.I suppose we had some sort of supper.I suppose there must have been a surface tidying-up,for the house on Sunday looked clean and orderly enough.The strange thing was,we didn’t mention that day afterward.I felt a little embarrassed.Surely none of the others had been as excited as I.I locked the memory up in that deepest part of me where we keep “the things that cannot be and yet they are.”
The years went on,then one day I was hurrying about my kitchen in a city apartment,trying to get some work out of the way while my three-year-old insistently cried her desire to “go park,see duck.”
“I can’t go!”I said.“I have this and this to do,and when I’m through I’ll be too tired to walk that far.”
My mother,who was visiting us,looked up from the peas she was shelling.“It’s a wonderful day,”she offered,“really warm,yet there’s a fine breeze.Do you remember that day we flew kites?”
I stopped in my dash between stove and sink.The locked door flew open and with it a rush of memories.“Come on,”I told my little girl.“You’re right,it’s too good a day to miss.”
Another decade passed.We were in the aftermath(余波) of a great war.All evening we had been asking our returned soldier,the youngest Patrick Boy,about his
experiences as a prisoner of war.He had talked freely,but now for a long time he had been silent.What was he thinking of — what dark and horrible things?
“Say!”A smile slipped out from his lips.“Do you remember — no,of course you wouldn’t.It probably didn’t make the impression on you as it did on me.”
I hardly dared speak.“Remember what?”
“I used to think of that day a lot in POW camp(战俘营),when things weren’t too good.Do you remember the day we flew the kites?”
1.Mrs. Patrick was laughing guiltily because she thought . A.she was too old to fly kites
B.her husband would make fun of her
C.she should have been doing her housework then
D.her girls weren’t supposed to play the boys’ game
2.By “we were all beside ourselves”,the writer means that they all . A.felt confused B.went wild with joy C.looked on D.forgot their fights
3.What did the writer think after the kite-flying?( ) A.The boys must have had more fun than the girls.
B.They should have finished their work before playing. C.Her parents should spend more time with them. D.All the others must have forgotten that day.
4.Why did the writer finally agree to take her little girl for an outing?( ) A.She suddenly remembered her duty as a mother. B.She was reminded of the day they flew kites. C.She had finished her work in the kitchen.
D.She thought it was a great day to play outside.
5.The youngest Patrick Boy is mentioned to show that . A.the writer was not alone in treasuring her fond memories B.his experience in POW camp threw a shadow over his life C.childhood friendship means so much to the writer D.people like him really changed a lot after the war
Passage 16
(2010浙江,E)
I needed to buy a digital camera,one that was simply good at taking good snaps(快照),maybe occasionally for magazines.Being the cautious type,I fancied a reliable brand.So I went on the net,spent 15 minutes reading product reviews on good websites,wrote down the names of three top recommendations and headed for my nearest big friendly camera store.There in the cupboard was one of the cameras on my list.And it was on special offer.Oh joy.I pointed at it and asked an assistant,“Can I have one of those?”He looked perturbed(不安).“Do you want to try it first?”he said.It didn’t quite sound like a question.“Do I need to?”I replied.“There’s nothing wrong with it?”This made him look a bit insulted and I started to feel bad.“No,no.But you should try it,”he said encouragingly.“Compare it with the others.”
I looked across at the others:shelves of similar cameras placed along the wall,offering a wide range of slightly different prices and discounts,with each company selling a range of models based around the same basic box.With so many models to choose from,it seemed that I would have to spend hours weighing X against Y,always trying to take Z and possibly H into account at the same time.But when I had finished,I would still have only the same two certainties that I had entered the store
with:first,soon after I carried my new camera out of the shop,it would be worth half what I paid for it;and second,my wonderful camera would very quickly be replaced by a new model.
But something in the human soul whispers that you can beat these traps by making the right choice,the clever choice,the wise choice.In the end,I agreed to try the model I had chosen.The assistant seemed a sincere man.So I let him take out my chosen camera from the cupboard,show how it took excellent pictures of my fellow
shoppers...and when he started to introduce the special features,I interrupted to ask whether I needed to buy a carry-case and a memory card as well.
Why do we think that new options(选择)still offer us anything new?Perhaps it is because they offer an opportunity to avoid facing the fact that our real choices in this culture are far more limited than we would like to imagine. 1.The shop assistant insisted that the writer should . A.try the camera to see if there was anything wrong with it B.compare the camera he had chosen with the others C.get more information about different companies D.trust him and stop asking questions 2.What does the writer mean by “it would be worth half what I paid for it ”(Paragraph 2)?( )
A.He should get a 50% discount.
B.The price of the camera was unreasonably high. C.The quality of the camera was not good. D.The camera would soon fall in value.
3.The writer decided to try the model he had chosen because he . A.knew very little about it
B.didn’t trust the shop assistant
C.wanted to make sure the one he chose would be the best
D.had a special interest in taking pictures of his fellow shoppers
4.It can be inferred from the passage that in the writer’s opinion, . A.people waste too much money on cameras
B.cameras have become an important part of our daily life
C.we don’t actually need so many choices when buying a product D.famous companies care more about profit than quality
Passage 17
(2010浙江,D)
My family and I lived across the street from Southway Park since I was four years old.Then just last year the city put a chain link fence around the park and started bulldozing (用推土机推平) the trees and grass to make way for a new apartment complex.When I saw the fence and bulldozers,I asked myself,“Why don’t they just leave it alone?”
Looking back,I think what sentenced the park to oblivion (被遗忘) was the drought (旱灾) we had about four years ago.Up until then,Southway Park was a nice green park with plenty of trees and a public swimming pool.My friends and I rollerskated on the sidewalks,climbed the trees,and swam in the pool all the years I was growing
up.The park was almost like my own yard.Then the summer I was fifteen the drought came and things changed.
There had been almost no rain at all that year.The city stopped watering the park grass.Within a few weeks I found myself living across the street from a huge brown desert.Leaves fell off the park trees,and pretty soon the trees started dying,too.Next,the park swimming pool was closed.The city cut down on the work force that kept the park,and pretty soon it just got too ugly and dirty to enjoy anymore.
As the drought lasted into the fall,the park got worse every month.The rubbish piled up or blew across the brown grass.Soon the only people in the park were beggars and other people down on their luck.People said drugs were being sold or traded there now.The park had gotten scary,and my mother told us kids not to go there anymore.
The drought finally ended and things seemed to get back to normal,that
is,everything but the park.It had gotten into such bad shape that the city just let it stay that way.Then about six months ago I heard that the city was going to “redevelop” certain worn-out areas of the city.It turned out that the city had planned to get rid of the park,sell the land and let someone build rows of apartment buildings on it.
The chain-link fencing and the bulldozers did their work.Now we live across the street from six rows of apartment buildings.Each of them is three units high and stretches a block in each direction.The neighborhood has changed without the park.The streets I used to play in are jammed with cars now.Things will never be the same again.Sometimes I wonder,though,what changes another drought would make in the way things are today.
1.How did the writer feel when he saw the fence and bulldozers?( ) A.Scared. B.Confused. C.Upset. D.Curious.
2.Why was the writer told not to go to the park by his mother?( ) A.It was being rebuilt. B.It was dangerous.
C.It became crowded. D.It had turned into a desert.
3.According to the writer,what eventually brought about the disappearance of the park?( ) A.The drought. B.The crime.
C.The beggars and the rubbish. D.The decisions of the city.
4.The last sentence of the passage implies that if another drought came, . A.the situation would be much worse
B.people would have to desert their homes C.the city would be fully prepared in advance
D.the city would have to redevelop the neighborhood
Passage 18
(2010浙江,A)
When you are little,the whole world feels like a big playground.I was living in Conyers,Georgia the summer it all happened.I was a second grader,but my best friend Stephanie was only in the first grade.Both of our parents were at work and most of the time they let us go our own way.
It was a hot afternoon and we decided to have an adventure in Stephanie’s basement.As I opened the basement door,before us lay the biggest room,full of amazing things like guns,dolls,and old clothes.I ran downstairs,and spotted a red steel can.It was paint.I looked beyond it and there lay even more paint in bright colors like purple,orange,blue and green.
“Stephanie,I just found us a project for the day.Get some paintbrushes.We are fixing to paint.”She screamed with excitement as I told her of my secret plans and immediately we got to work.We gathered all the brushes we could find and moved all of our materials to my yard.There on the road in front of my house,we painted big stripes(条纹)of colors across the pavement(人行道).Stripe by stripe,our colors turned into a beautiful rainbow.It was fantastic!
The sun was starting to sink.I saw a car in the distance and jumped up as I recognized the car.It was my mother.I couldn’t wait to show her my masterpiece.The car pulled slowly into the driveway and from the look on my mother’s face,I could tell that I was in deep trouble.
My mother shut the car door and walked towards me.Her eyes glaring,she shouted,“What in the world were you thinking?I understood when you made castles out of leaves,and climbed the neighbors’trees,but this! Come inside right now!”I stood there glaring back at her for a minute,angry because she had insulted(侮辱)my art.
“Now go clean it up!”Mother and I began cleaning the road.Tears ran down my cheeks as I saw my beautiful rainbow turn into black cement.
Though years have now passed,I still wonder where my rainbow has gone.I wonder if,maybe when I get older,I can find my rainbow and never have to brush it away.I guess we all need some sort of rainbow to brighten our lives from time to time and to keep our hopes and dreams colorful.
1.What did the writer want to do when his mother came home?( ) A.To introduce Stephanie to her.
B.To prevent her from seeing his painting. C.To put the materials back in the yard. D.To show his artwork to her.
2.In his mother’s eyes,the writer . A.was a born artist B.always caused trouble C.was a problem solver D.worked very hard
3.The underlined word “rainbow”in the last paragraph refers to . A.the rainbow in the sky
B.the stripes on the pavement C.something imaginative and fun
D.important lessons learned in childhood
4.It can be learned from the passage that parents should . A.encourage children to paint B.value friendship among children
C.discover the hidden talent in children
D.protect rather than destroy children’s dreams
Passage 19
(2009浙江,A)
I was in a rush as always,but this time it was for an important date I just couldn’t be late for! I found myself at a checkout counter behind an elderly woman seemingly in no hurry as she paid for her groceries.A PhD student with not a lot of money,I had hurried into the store to pick up some flowers.I was in a huge rush,thinking of my upcoming evening.I did not want to be late for this date.
We were in Boston,a place not always known for small conversation between strangers.The woman stopped unloading her basket and looked up at me.She smiled.It was a nice smile—warm and reassuring—and I retuned her gift by smiling back.
“Must be a special lady,whoever it is that will be getting those beautiful flowers,”she said.
“Yes,she’s special,”I said,and then to my embarrassment,the words kept coming out.“It’s only our second date,but somehow I am just having the feeling she’s ‘the one’.”Jokingly,I added,“The only problem is that I can’t figure out why she’d want to date a guy like me.”
“Well,I think she’s very lucky to have a boyfriend who brings her such lovely flowers and who is obviously in love with her,”the woman said.“My husband used to bring me flowers every week—even when times were tough and we didn’t have much money.Those were incredible days;he was very romantic and—of course—I miss him since he’s passed away.”
I paid for my flowers as she was gathering up her groceries.There was no doubt in my mind as I walked up to her.I touched her on the shoulder and said,“You were right,you know.These flowers are indeed for a very special lady.”I handed her the flowers and thanked her for such a nice conversation.
It took her a moment to realize that I was giving her the flowers I had just purchased.“You have a wonderful evening,”I said.I left her with a big smile and my heart warmed as I saw her smelling the beautiful flowers.
I remember being slightly late for my date that night and telling my girlfriend the above story.A couple of years later,when I finally worked up the courage to ask her to marry me,she told me that this story had helped to seal it for her—that was the night that I won her heart.
1.Why was the writer in a hurry that day?( ) A.He was to meet his girlfriend. B.He had to go back to school soon. C.He was delayed by an elderly lady. D.He had to pick up some groceries.
2.What does the underlined phrase“her gift”(Paragraph 2 )refer to?( ) A.Her words. B.Her smile.
C.Her flowers. D.Her politeness.
3.Why did the writer give his flowers to the elderly lady?( ) A.She told him a nice story. B.She allowed him to pay first. C.She gave him encouragement. D.She liked flowers very much.
4.What is the message conveyed in the story?( ) A.Flowers are important for a date. B.Small talk is helpful.
C.Love and kindness are rewarding. D.Elderly people deserve respecting. 二、社会文化
Passage 1
(2013浙江,A)
No one knows for sure when advertising first started.It is possible that it grew out of the discovery that some people did certain kinds of work better than others did them.That led to the concept of specialization,which means that people would specialize,or focus,on doing one specific job. Let’s take a man we’ll call Mr.Fielder,for example.He did everything connected with farming.He planted seeds,tended the fields,and harvested and sold his crops.At
the same time,he did many other jobs on the farm.However,he didn’t make the bricks for his house,cut his trees into boards,make the plows(犁),or any of the other hundreds of things a farm needs.Instead,he got them from people who specialized in doing each of those things. Suppose there was another man we shall call Mr.Plowright.Using what he knew about farming and working with iron,Mr.Plowright invented a plow that made farming easier.Mr.Plowright did not really like farming himself and wanted to specialize in making really good plows.Perhaps,he thought,other farmers will trade what they grow for one of my plows.
How did Mr.Plowright let people know what he was doing? Why,he advertised,of course.First he opened a shop and then he put up a sign outside the shop to attract customers.That sign may have been no more than a plow carved into a piece of wood and a simple arrow pointing to the shop door.It was probably all the information people needed to find Mr.Plowright and his really good plows.
Many historians believe that the first outdoor signs were used about five thousand years ago.Even before most people could read,they understood such signs.Shopkeepers would carve into stone,clay,or wood symbols for the products they had for sale.
A medium,in advertising talk,is the way you communicate your message.You might say that the first medium used in advertising was signs with symbols.The second medium was audio,or sound,although that term is not used exactly in the way we use it today.Originally,just the human voice and maybe some kind of simple instrument,such as a bell,were used to get people’s attention.
A crier,in the historical sense,is not someone who weeps easily.It is
someone,probably a man,with a voice loud enough to be heard over the other noises of a city.In ancient Egypt,shopkeepers might hire such a person to spread the news about their products.Often this earliest form of advertising involved a newly arrived ship loaded with goods.Perhaps the crier described the goods,explained where they came from,and praised their quality.His job was,in other words,not too different from a TV or radio commercial in today’s world. 1.What probably led to the start of advertising?( ) A.The discovery of iron.
B.The specialization of labor. C.The appearance of new jobs.
D.The development of farming techniques.
2.To advertise his plows,Mr.Plowright . A.praised his plows in public B.placed a sign outside the shop
C.hung an arrow pointing to the shop D.showed his products to the customers
3.The writer makes up the two stories of Mr.Fielder and Mr.Plowright in order to .
A.explain the origin of advertising B.predict the future of advertising C.expose problems in advertising
D.provide suggestions for advertising
4.In ancient Egypt,a crier was probably someone who . A.owned a ship
B.had the loudest voice
C.ran a shop selling goods to farmers
D.functioned like today’s TV or radio commercial 5.The last two paragraphs are mainly about . A.the history of advertising B.the benefits of advertising C.the early forms of advertising D.the basic design of advertising
Passage 2
(2013重庆,D)
Not all bodies of water are so evidently alive as the Atlantic Ocean,an S-shaped body of water covering 33 million square miles.The Atlantic has,in a sense,replaced the Mediterranean as the inland sea of Western civilization.Unlike real inland seas,which seem strangely still,the Atlantic is rich in oceanic liveliness.It is perhaps not surprising that its vitality has been much written about by ancient poets.
“Storm at Sea”,a short poem written around 700,is generally regarded as one of mankind’s earliest artistic representations of the Atlantic.
When the wind is from the west All the waves that cannot rest To the east must thunder on Where the bright tree of the sun Is rooted in the ocean’s breast.
As the poem suggests,the Atlantic is never dead and dull.It is an ocean that moves,impressively and endlessly.It makes all kinds of noise—it is forever thundering,boiling,crashing,and whistling.
It is easy to imagine the Atlantic trying to draw breath—perhaps not so noticeably out in mid-ocean,but where it meets land,its waters bathing up and down a sandy beach.It mimics(模仿)nearly perfectly the steady breathing of a living creature.It is filled with symbiotic existences,too:unimaginable quantities of creatures,little and large alike,mix within its depths in a kind of oceanic harmony,giving to the waters a feeling of heartbeat,a kind of sub-ocean vitality.And it has a psychology.It has personalities: sometimes peaceful and pleasant,on rare occasions rough and wild; always it is strong and striking. 1.Unlike real inland seas,the Atlantic Ocean is . A.always energetic B.lacking in liveliness
C.shaped like a square D.favored by ancient poets
2.What is the purpose of using the poem “Storm at Sea” in the passage?( ) A.To describe the movement of the waves. B.To show the strength of the storm. C.To represent the power of the ocean. D.To prove the vastness of the sea.
3.What does the underlined word “symbiotic” mean?( ) A.Living together. B.Growing fast.
C.Moving harmoniously. D.Breathing peacefully.
4.In the last paragraph,the Atlantic is compared to . A.a beautiful and poetic place B.a flesh and blood person C.a wonderful world D.a lovely animal
Passage 3
(2013天津,A)
Guide to Stockholm University Library
Our library offers different types of studying places and provides a good studying environment.
Zones
The library is divided into different zones.The upper floor is a quiet zone with over a thousand places for silent reading,and places where you can sit and work with your own computer.The reading places consist mostly of tables and chairs.The ground floor is the zone where you can talk.Here you can find sofas and armchairs for group work.
Computers
You can use your own computer to connect to the wi-fi specially prepared for notebook computers;you can also use library computers,which contain the most commonly used applications,such as Microsoft Office.They are situated in the area known as the Experimental Field on the ground floor.
Group-study Places
If you want to discuss freely without disturbing others,you can book a study room or sit at a table on the ground floor.Some study rooms are for 2-3 people and others can hold up to 6-8 people.All rooms are marked on the library maps.
There are 40 group-study rooms that must be booked via the website.To book,you need an active University account and a valid University card.You can use a room three hours per day,nine hours at most per week.
Storage of Study Material
The library has lockers for students to store course literature.When you have obtained at least 40 credits(学分),you may rent a locker and pay 400 SEK for a year’s rental period.
Rules to be Followed
Mobile phone conversations are not permitted anywhere in the library.Keep your phone on silent as if you were in a lecture and exit the library if you need to receive calls.
Please note that food and fruit are forbidden in the library,but you are allowed to have drinks and sweets with you.
1.The library’s upper floor is mainly for students to . A.read in a quiet place B.have group discussions C.take comfortable seats D.get their computers fixed
2.Library computers on the ground floor . A.help students with their field experiments B.contain software essential for schoolwork C.are for those who want to access the wi-fi
D.are mostly used for filling out application forms
3.What condition should be met to book a group-study room?( ) A.A group must consist of 8 people.
B.Three-hour use per day is the minimum.
C.One should first register at the university. D.Applicants must mark the room on the map.
4.A student can rent a locker in the library if he . A.can afford the rental fee B.attends certain courses
C.has nowhere to put his books
D.has earned the required credits
5.What should NOT be brought into the library?( ) A.Mobile phones. B.Orange juice. C.Candy. D.Sandwiches.
Passage 4
(2013福建,E)
A MENTORING (导师制) program is giving life changing opportunities to Banbury youth.
Young Inspirations was founded two years ago to provide mentoring sessions for students and unemployed young adults aged 11 to 21.
Alex Goldberg,the program’s founder,said:“We set up Young Inspirations because we wanted to give young people experiences which will potentially be life changing and broaden their outlook.
“We try to create work experience opportunities that will really make a difference to our youth.For example,we’ve secured internships (实习) with world-famous firms such as Honda.
“At a time of funding cutbacks where schools are finding it more and more difficult to offer this kind of mentoring,it is extremely important that these opportunities are available both to help youth with their school work and grades and to give them opportunities which may help shape their futures.” Kieran
Hepburn,14,is one of a group of Banbury youth who has benefited from the program so far.In October the Banbury School pupil was accompanied by Young Inspirations staff to Paris where he was an observer at the United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization’s (UNESCO) International Youth Forum (论坛).
The event was held for young people from around the world,to seek their views on how the future of youth and education should look.Kieran joined several hundred observers mostly in their 20s and was the only UK school pupil to attend the event.Kieran thinks the trip was a life changing experience.“ Before we left I didn’t quite know what to make of it but when we got there we didn’t stop,it was amazing,” he said,“ We went to three or four hours of debates each day and then did something cultural each afternoon.”
The main theme of the forum was how youth can drive change in political and public life.It dealt with issues (问题) such as drug abuse,violence and unemployment.
Kieran said:“It has really helped me to improve my confidence and social skills as well as my school grades and I was voted most improved pupil at school in August.”
The Young Inspirations mentoring sessions take place each Friday in Banbury.For details visit www.younginspirations.com.
1.The Young Inspirations mentoring program aims to . A.train staff for world-famous firms
B.offer job opportunities to young adults C.provide youth with unique experiences D.equip the unemployed with different skills
2.According to Alex Goldberg,it is difficult for schools to offer the mentoring due to .
A.the lack of support from firms B.the cultural differences C.the effect of unemployment D.the shortage of money
3.According to the passage,the forum focused on how youth can . A.build up their confidence at school
B.find work experience opportunities
C.improve their social skills for the future D.play an active role in the change of society 4.We can learn from the passage that . A.the visit to the United Kingdom was amazing B.Kieran has made great progress in many aspects C.the youth have found a way to solve their problems
D.the mentoring sessions are held every day except Friday 5.What would be the best title for the passage?( ) A.Alex Goldberg,Founder of Young Inspirations B.Young People Find a World of Opportunity C.Kieran,Banbury School Pupil to Paris D.Debates Help Youth with Their Grades
Passage 5
(2013辽宁,B)
Going green seems to be a fad (时尚) for a lot of people these days.Whether that is good or bad,we can’t really say,but for the two of us,going green is not a fad but a lifestyle.
On April 22,2011,we decided to go green every single day for an entire year.This meant doing 365 different green things,and it also meant challenging ourselves to go green beyond the easy things.Rather than recycle and reduce our energy,we had to think of 365 different green things to do and this was no easy task.
With the idea of going green every single day for a year,Our Green Year started.My wife and I decided to educate people about how they could go green in their lives and hoped we could show people all the green things that could be done to help the environment.We wanted to push the message that every little bit helps.
Over the course of Our Green Year,we completely changed our lifestyles.We now shop at organic (有机的) stores.We consume less meat,choosing green food.We have greatly reduced our buying we don’t need.We have given away half of what we owned through websites.Our home is kept clean by vinegar and lemon juice,with no chemical cleaners.We make our own butter,enjoying the smell of home-made fresh bread.In our home office anyone caught doing something ungreen might be punished.
Our minds have been changed by Our Green Year.We are grateful for the chance to have been able to go green and educate others.We believe that we do have the power to change things and help our planet.
1.What might be the best title for the passage?( ) A.Going Green B.Protecting the Planet
C.Keeping Open-Minded D.Celebrating Our Green Year
2.It was difficult for the couple to live a green life for the whole year because .
A.they were expected to follow the green fad B.they didn’t know how to educate other people C.they were unwilling to reduce their energy D.they needed to perform unusual green tasks
3.What did the couple do over the course of Our Green Year?( ) A.They tried to get out of their ungreen habits. B.They ignored others’ ungreen behavior. C.They chose better chemical cleaners. D.They sold their home-made food.
4.What can we infer from the last paragraph?( )
A.The government will give support to the green project. B.The couple may continue their project in the future. C.Some people disagree with the couple’s green ideas. D.Our Green Year is becoming a national campaign.
Passage 6
(2013江苏,D)
Mark Twain has been called the inventor of the American novel.And he surely deserves additional praise: the man who popularized the clever literary attack on racism.
I say clever because anti-slavery fiction had been the important part of the literature in the years before the Civil War.H.B.Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin is only the most famous example.These early stories dealt directly with slavery.With minor exceptions,Twain planted his attacks on slavery and prejudice into tales that were on the surface about something else entirely.He drew his readers into the argument by drawing them into the story.
Again and again,in the postwar years,Twain seemed forced to deal with the challenge of race.Consider the most controversial,at least today,of Twain’s novels,Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.Only a few books have been kicked off the shelves as often as Huckleberry Finn,Twain’s most widely read tale.Once upon a time,people hated the book because it struck them as rude.Twain himself wrote that those who banned the book considered the novel “trash and suitable only for the slums(贫民窟).” More recently the book has been attacked because of the character Jim,the escaped slave,and many occurences of the word nigger.(The term Nigger Jim,for which the novel is often severely criticized,never appears in it.)
But the attacks were and are silly—and miss the point.The novel is strongly anti-slavery.Jim’s search through the slave states for the family from whom he has been forcibly parted is heroic.As J.Chadwick has pointed out,the character of Jim was a first in American fiction-a recognition that the slave had two personalities,“the voice of survival within a white slave culture and the voice of the individual:Jim,the father and the man.”
There is much more.Twain’s mystery novel Pudd’nhead Wilson stood as a challenge to the racial beliefs of even many of the liberals of his day.Written at a time when the accepted wisdom held Negroes to be inferior(低等的) to whites,especially in intelligence,Twain’s tale centered in part around two babies switched at birth.A slave gave birth to her master’s baby and,for fear that the child should be sold South,switched him for the master’s baby by his wife.The slave’s light-skinned child was taken to be white and grew up with both the attitudes and the education of the slave-holding class.The master’s wife’s baby was taken for black and grew up with the attitudes and intonations of the slave.
The point was difficult to miss:nurture(养育),not nature,was the key to social status.The features of the black man that provided the stuff of prejudice—manner of speech,for example—were,to Twain,indicative of nothing other than the conditioning that slavery forced on its victims.
Twain’s racial tone was not perfect.One is left uneasy,for example,by the lengthy passage in his autobiography(自传) about how much he loved what were called “nigger shows” in his youth—mostly with white men performing in black-face—and his delight in getting his mother to laugh at them.Yet there is no reason to think Twain saw the shows as representing reality.His frequent attacks on slavery and prejudice suggest his keen awareness that they did not.
Was Twain a racist? Asking the question in the 21st century is as wise as asking the same of Lincoln.If we read the words and attitudes of the past through the “wisdom” of the considered moral judgments of the present,we will find nothing but error.Lincoln,who believed the black man the inferior of the white,fought and won a war to free him.And Twain,raised in a slave state,briefly a soldier, and inventor of Jim,may have done more to anger the nation over racial injustice and awaken its collective conscience than any other novelist in the past century. 1.How do Twain’s novels on slavery differ from Stowe’s?( ) A.Twain was more willing to deal with racism. B.Twain’s attack on racism was much less open. C.Twain’s themes seemed to agree with plots. D.Twain was openly concerned with racism. 2.Recent criticism of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn arose partly from its . A.target readers at the bottom B.anti slavery attitude C.rather impolite language D.frequent use of “nigger”
3.What best proves Twain’s anti-slavery stand according to the author?( ) A.Jim’s search for his family was described in detail. B.The slave’s voice was first heard in American novels. C.Jim grew up into a man and a father in the white culture. D.Twain suspected that the slaves were less intelligent.
4.The story of two babies switched mainly indicates that . A.slaves were forced to give up their babies to their masters B.slaves’ babies could pick up slave-holders’ way of speaking C.blacks’ social position was shaped by how they were brought up D.blacks were born with certain features of prejudice
5.What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 7 refer to?( ) A.The attacks. B.Slavery and prejudice. C.White men. D.The shows.
6.What does the author mainly argue for?( )
A.Twain had done more than his contemporary writers to attack racism. B.Twain was an admirable figure comparable to Abraham Lincoln. C.Twain’s works had been banned on unreasonable grounds.
D.Twain’s works should be read from a historical point of view.
Passage 7
(2012新课标全国,D)
Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since.A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water.He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away.He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son.A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins “Twinkle,twinkle,little star” or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears.
One explanation is the law of overlearning,which can be stated as follows:Once we have learned something,additional learning trials increase the length of time we will remember it.
In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming,bicycle riding,and playing baseball long after we have learned them.We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as “Twinkle,twinkle,little star” and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks.We not only learn but overlearn.
The multiplication tables (乘法口诀表) are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school,because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.
The law of overlearning explains why cramming (突击学习) for an
examination,though it may result in a passing grade,is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course.By cramming,a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination,but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned.A little overlearning,on the other hand,is really necessary for one’s future development.
1.What is the main idea of Paragraph 1?( )
A.People remember well what they learned in childhood. B.Children have a better memory than grown-ups. C.Poem reading is a good way to learn words. D.Stories for children are easy to remember.
2.The author explains the law of overlearning by . A.presenting research findings B.setting down general rules C.making a comparison D.using examples
3.According to the author,being able to use multiplication tables is . A.a result of overlearning B.a special case of cramming
C.a skill to deal with math problems D.a basic step towards advanced studies
4.What is the author’s opinion on cramming?( ) A.It leads to failure in college exams. B.It’s helpful only in a limited way. C.It’s possible to result in poor memory. D.It increases students’ learning interest.
Passage 8
(2012天津,D)
You are given many opportunities in life to choose to be a victim or a
creator.When you choose to be a victim,the world is a cold and difficult place.“They” did things to you which caused all of your pain and suffering.“They” are wrong and bad,and life is terrible as long as “they” are around.Or you may blame yourself for all your problems,thus internalizing (内化) your victimization.The truth is,your life is likely to stay that way as long as you feel a need to blame yourself or others.
Those who choose to be creators look at life quite differently.They know there are individuals who might like to control their lives,but they don’t let this get in the way.They know they have their weaknesses,yet they don’t blame themselves when they fail.Whatever happens,they have choice in the matter.They believe their dance with each sacred (神圣的) moment of life is a gift and that storms are a natural part of life which can bring the rain needed for emotional and spiritual growth.
Victims and creators live in the same physical world and deal with many of the same physical realities,yet their experience of life is worlds apart.Victims relish (沉溺) in anger,guilt,and other emotions that cause others—and even themselves—to feel like victims,too.Creators consciously choose love,inspiration,and other qualities which inspire not only themselves,but all around them.Both victims and creators always have choice to determine the direction of their lives.
In reality,all of us play the victim or the creator at various points in our lives.One person,on losing a job or a special relationship,may feel as if it is the
end of the world and sink into terrible suffering for months,years,or even a lifetime.Another with the same experience may choose to first experience the grief,then accept the loss and soon move on to be a powerful creative force in his life.
In every moment and every circumstance,you can choose to have a fuller,richer life by setting a clear intention to transform the victim within,and by inviting into your life the powerful creator that you are.
1.What does the word “they” in Paragraph 1 probably refer to?( ) A.People and things around you. B.Opportunities and problems. C.Creators and their choices. D.Victims and their sufferings.
2.According to Paragraph 2,creators . A.seem willing to experience failures in life B.possess the ability to predict future life C.handle ups and downs of life wisely D.have potential to create something new 3.What can we learn from Paragraph 3?( )
A.Creators and victims face quite different things in life. B.Creators and victims are masters of their lives. C.Victims can influence more people than creators. D.Compared with victims,creators are more emotional.
4.The examples mentioned in Paragraph 4 show that .
A.strong attachment to sufferings in life pulls people into victims B.people need family support to deal with challenges in life C.it takes creators quite a long time to get rid of their pains D.one’s experiences determine his attitude toward life
5.What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?( ) A.To define victims and creators.
B.To evaluate victims against creators.
C.To explain the relationship between victims and creators. D.To suggest the transformation from victims to creators.
Passage 9
(2012浙江,C)
Two friends have an argument that breaks up their friendship forever,even though neither one can remember how the whole thing got started.Such sad events happen over and over in high schools across the country.In fact,according to an official report on youth violence,“In our country today,the greatest threat to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment,but the terrible reality of violence”.Given that this is the case,why aren’t students taught to manage conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems,drive cars,or stay physically fit?
First of all,students need to realize that conflict is unavoidable.A report on violence among middle school and high school students indicates that most violent incidents between students begin with a relatively minor insult (侮辱).For example,a fight could start over the fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each lunchtime.Laughter over the sandwich can lead to insults,which in turn can lead to violence.The problem isn’t in the sandwich,but in the way students deal with the conflict.
Once students recognize that conflict is unavoidable,they can practice the golden rule of conflict resolution (解决):stay calm.Once the student feels calmer,he or she should choose words that will calm the other person down as well.Rude words,name-calling,and accusations only add fuel to the emotional fire.On the other hand,soft words spoken at a normal sound level can put out the fire before it explodes out of control.
After both sides have calmed down,they can use another key strategy (策略) for conflict resolution:listening.Listening allows the two sides to understand each other.One person should describe his or her side,and the other person should listen without interrupting.Afterward,the listener can ask non-threatening questions to clarify the speaker’s position.Then the two people should change roles.
Finally,students need to consider what they are hearing.This doesn’t mean trying to figure out what’s wrong with the other person.It means understanding what the real issue is and what both sides are trying to accomplish.For example,a shouting match over a peanut butter sandwich might happen because one person thinks the other person is unwilling to try new things.Students need to ask themselves questions such as these:How did this start?What do I really want?What am I afraid of?As the issue becomes clearer,the conflict often simply becomes smaller.Even if it doesn’t,careful thought helps both sides figure out a mutual solution.
There will always be conflict in schools,but that doesn’t mean there needs to be violence.After students in Atlanta started a conflict resolution
program,according to Educators for Social Responsibility,“ percent of the teachers reported less physical violence in the classroom;75 percent of the teachers reported an increase in student cooperation;and 92 percent of the students felt better about themselves”.Learning to resolve conflicts can help students deal with friends,teachers,parents,bosses,and coworkers.In that way,conflict resolution is a basic life skill that should be taught in schools across the country. 1.This article is mainly about . A.the lives of school children
B.the cause of arguments in schools C.how to analyze youth violence D.how to deal with school conflicts
2.From Paragraph 2 we can learn that . A.violence is more likely to occur at lunchtime B.a small conflict can lead to violence C.students tend to lose their temper easily
D.the eating habit of a student is often the cause of a fight
3.Why do students need to ask themselves the questions stated in Paragraph 5?( ) A.To find out who is to blame. B.To get ready to try new things.
C.To make clear what the real issue is.
D.To figure out how to stop the shouting match.
4.After the conflict resolution program was started in Atlanta,it was found that .
A.there was a decrease in classroom violence
B.there was less student cooperation in the classroom C.more teachers felt better about themselves in schools D.the teacher-student relationship greatly improved
5.The writer’s purpose for writing this article is to . A.complain about problems in school education
B.teach students different strategies for school life C.advocate teaching conflict management in schools
D.inform teachers of the latest studies on school violence
Passage 10
(2012重庆,C)
There is no better way to enjoy Scottish traditions than going fishing and tasting a little bit of whisky (威士忌)at a quiet place like the Inverlochy
Castle.When Queen Victoria visited the castle in 1873 she wrote in her diary,“I never saw a lovelier spot.” And she didn’t even go fishing.
Scotland is not easily defined.In certain moments,this quiet land of lakes and grasses and mountains changes before your very eyes.When evening gently sweeps the hillside into orange light,the rivers,teeming with fish,can turn into streams of gold.As you settle down with just a fishing pole and a basket on the bank of River Orchy,near the Inverlochy Castle,any frustration (烦恼) will float away as gently as the circling water.It’s just you and purple,pink,white flowers,seeking a perfect harmony.If you are a new comer to fishing,learning the basics from a fishing guide may leave you with a lifetime’s fun.For many,fishing is more than a sport;it is an art.
Scotland offers interesting places where you can rest after a long day’s fishing.Set against a wild mountain and hidden behind woodland,the beautiful Inverlochy Castle Hotel below the Nevis is a perfect place to see the beauty of Scotland’s mountains.Ben Nevis is the highest of all British mountains,and reaching its 1343-metre top is a challenge.But it’s not just what goes up that matters; what comes down is unique.More than 900 metres high,on the mountain’s north face,lies an all-important source of pure water.Its name comes from the Gaelic language “usquebaugh”or “water of life”;and it is the single most important ingredient (原料) in Scotland’s best known drink:whisky.
1.The story of Queen Victoria is to show that . A.the Queen is rich in tour experience
B.the Castle is a good place to go in Scotland C.tasting whisky is better than going fishing D.1873 is a special year for the Queen
2.How is Paragraph 2 mainly developed?( )
A.By giving descriptions. B.By following time order. C.By analyzing causes. D.By making comparisons. 3.What is Ben Nevis special for?( ) A.The Inverlochy Castle Hotel. B.The beauty of its surroundings. C.The water from the mountain. D.The challenge up to its top.
4.What is the main purpose of the passage?( ) A.To introduce Scottish traditions to tourists. B.To show the attractions of Scotland to readers.
C.To explore geographical characteristics of Scotland. D.To describe the pleasures of life in Scotland.
Passage 11
(2012安徽,B)
Why is pink or purple a color for girls and blue or brown for boys?
The answer depends largely on cultural values as well as personal experiences.To the Egyptians,green was a color that represented the hope and joy of spring,while for Muslims,it means heaven.Red is a symbol of good luck in many cultures.In China,children are given money in a red envelope to bring good fortune in the New Year.For many nations,blue is a symbol of protection and religious beliefs.Greek people often wear a blue necklace hoping to protect themselves against evils (灾祸).
People’s choice of colors is also influenced by their bodies’reactions (反应)toward them.Green is said to be the most restful color.It has the ability to reduce pain and relax people both mentally and physically.People who work in green environments have been found to have fewer stomach aches.
Red can cause a person’s blood pressure to rise and increase people’s appetites (食欲).Many decorators will include different shades of red in the
restaurant.Similarly,many commercial websites will have a red “Buy Now” button because red is a color that easily catches a person’s eye.
Blue is another calming color.Unlike red,blue can cause people to lose
appetite.So if you want to eat less,some suggest that eating from blue plates can help.
The next time you are deciding on what to wear or what color to decorate your room,think about the color carefully.
1.Muslims regard green as a symbol of heaven mainly because of their . A.cultural values B.commercial purposes
C.personal experiences D.physical reactions to the color
2.Why will many commercial websites have a red “Buy Now” button?( ) A.To relax people physically.
B.To increase people’s appetites.
C.To encourage people to make a purchase.
D.To cause a person’s blood pressure to rise.
3.What color might help lose weight according to the text?( ) A.Red. B.Green. C.Blue. D.Purple.
4.Which of the following would be the most proper title for the text?( ) A.Colors and Human Beings
B.The Cultural Meaning of Color C.Colors and Personal Experiences D.The Meaning and Function of Color
Passage 12
(2012江西,C)
Big Brothers Big Sisters is based on the simplicity and power of friendship.It is a program which provides friendship and fun by matching vulnerable young people (ages 7-17) with a volunteer adult who can be both a role model and a supportive friend.
Volunteer tutors come from all walks of life—married,single,with or without children.Big Brothers and Big Sisters are not replacement parents or social
workers.They are tutors:someone to trust,to have fun with,to talk and go to when needed.
A Big Sister and Little Sister will generally spend between one and four hours together three or four times each month for at least twelve months.They enjoy simple activities such as a picnic at a park,cooking,playing sport or going to a football match.These activities improve the friendship and help the young person develop positive self-respect,confidence and life direction.
Big Brothers Big Sisters organizations exist throughout the world.It is the largest and most well-known provider of tutor services internationally and has been operating for 25 years.
Emily and Sarah have been matched since March 2008.Emily is a 10-year-old girl who has experienced some difficulties being accepted by her schoolmates at school.‘I was pretty sure there was something wrong with me.’
Emily’s mum came across Big Brothers Big Sisters and thought it would be of benefit to Emily by ‘providing different feedback(反馈)about herself other than just relying on schoolmates to measure her self-worth.’
Sarah wanted to get involved in a volunteer program.‘I googled it and found out how to be a part of it.I thought it would be fun for me to get involved in making time to do something because sometimes it’s all work and no play’.
Big Brothers Big Sisters has been of great benefit and enjoyment to both Emily and Sarah.They love and look forward to their time together and the partnership has certainly helped Emily be more comfortable in being the wonderful,happy and unique girl she is!
1.What is the aim of Big Brothers Big Sisters?( ) A.To offer students public services. B.To help students improve their grades.
C.To organize sport activities for young people. D.To provide partnership and fun for young people.
2.A volunteer is usually expected to work within a year for at least . A.24 hours B.36 hours C.48 hours D.72 hours
3.According to Emily’s mother,this program may provide Emily with . A.advice from her teachers B.a new way to assess herself
C.a new way to judge her schoolmates D.more comments from her schoolmates
4.Why did Sarah want to get involved in the program?( ) A.She used to be a volunteer. B.She needed a part-time job.
C.She felt a bit bored with her life. D.She wanted to get a challenging job.
5.According to the passage,“vulnerable young people” are probably those who are .
A.popular at school B.rather weak physically
C.easily hurt emotionally D.confident in themselves
Passage 13
(2011安徽,D)
Ireland has had a very difficult history.The problems started in the 16th century when English rulers tried to conquer (征服) Ireland.For hundreds of years,the Irish people fought against the English.Finally,in 1921,the British government was forced to give independence to the south of Ireland.The result is that today there are two “Irelands”.Northern Ireland,in the north,is part of the United Kingdom.The Republic of Ireland,in the south,is an independent country.
In the 1840s the main crop,potatoes,was affected by disease and about 750,000 people died of hunger.This,and a shortage (短缺) of work,forced many people to leave Ireland and live in the USA,the UK,Australia and Canada.As a result of these problems,the population fell from 8.2 million in 1841 to 6.6 million in 1851.
For many years,the majority of Irish people earned their living as
farmers.Today,many people still work on the land but more and more people are moving
to the cities to work in factories and offices.Life in the cities is very different from life in the countryside,where things move at a quieter and slower pace.
The Irish are famous for being warm-hearted and friendly.Oscar Wilde,a famous Irish writer,once said that the Irish were “the greatest talkers since the Greeks”.Since independence,Ireland has revived (复兴) its own culture of
music,language,literature and singing.Different areas have different styles of old Irish songs which are sung without instruments.Other kinds of Irish music use many different instruments such as the violin,whistles,etc. 1.What does the author tell us in Paragraph 1?( ) A.How the Irish fought against the English. B.How Ireland gained independence.
C.How English rulers tried to conquer Ireland. D.How two “Irelands” came into being.
2.We learn from the text that in Ireland .
A.food shortages in the 1840s led to a decline in population
B.people are moving to the cities for lack of work in the countryside C.it is harder to make a living as a farmer than as a factory worker D.different kinds of old Irish songs are all sung with instruments 3.The last paragraph is mainly about . A.the Irish character B.Irish culture
C.Irish musical instruments D.a famous Irish writer 4.What can be the best title for the text?( ) A.Life in Ireland B.A Very Difficult History
C.Ireland,Past and Present D.The Independence of Ireland
Passage 14
(2010浙江,B)
Below is a housing guide for students going to London. University accommodation(住所)offices Many university accommodation offices have their own list of registered landlords(房东).Others also provide information on accommodation agencies and other housing organizations.The advantage of using your university accommodation office is that you can get some support if you have a problem.The disadvantage is that they are unlikely to have enough registered landlords to house all their students. Property papers:Loot and Renting Loot is an important source(来源)of information about private housing for co-renters.The offers are from private landlords,agencies and individuals looking for other co-renters.They also have a website:www.loot.com.The advantage of using Loot is that there are some excellent bargains.The disadvantage is that there is no quality control over the offers. Renting is another useful paper.The offers in this paper are mainly from accommodation agencies.Their website is at www.renting.co.uk. Accommodation agencies The majority of rented accommodation in London is probably advertised through accommodation agencies.The advantage of using accommodation agencies is that you will have access to a large number of accommodations.A good agent will listen to your requirements and can save you time in looking for the right accommodation.The disadvantage is that they will make a range of charges to potential renters. Noticeboards Around the universities you will find a number of noticeboards where offers of accommodation will be posted.These will either be from landlords or from students.Some universities will also have online noticeboards where students can advertise to other students.Advertisements from students can be an excellent way to find accommodation.However,advertisements from landlords can be problematic. Word of mouth Some of the best housing in London is never advertised but is passed on from one group of students to another by word of mouth.It might be that you can find out about good offers from final year students.However,don’t suppose that just because you have found out about housing from a friend it is necessarily going to be better than that found through any other source. Family Faced with the very high rents charged in London,some students and their parents will consider buying as an alternative.In some cases this might be a good choice. 1.What is the advantage of using Loot?( )
A.It has more offers from accommodation agencies than Renting. B.It gives you personal information about other co-renters. C.Their website is designed mainly for students. D.There are some good bargains.
2.A good agent can help you . A.know more people
B.find cheap accommodation
C.get the right accommodation quickly
D.get free information about most accommodations
3.The information passed on by word of mouth is important because . A.it is better than that found through any other source
B.it helps you find some of the best housing never advertised C.the final year students always offer better information D.the landlords have little valuable information
4.For students going to London for the first time,which of the following provides the most reliable information?( ) A.University accommodation offices. B.Loot and Renting. C.Noticeboards. D.Family.
Passage 15
(2010安徽,C)
American cities are similar to other cities around the world:In every country,cities reflect the values of the culture.American cities are changing, just as American society is changing.
After World War Ⅱ,the population of most large American cities
decreased;however,the population in many Sun Belt cities increased.Los Angeles and Houston are cities where population shifts (转移) to and from the city reflect the changing values of American society.In the late 1940s and early 1950s,city residents (居民) became wealthier.They had more children so they needed more space.They moved out of their apartments in the city to buy their own homes.They bought houses in the suburbs (郊区).
Now things are changing.The children of the people who left the cities in the 1950s are now adults.Many, unlike their parents, want to live in the cities.They continue to move to Sun Belt cities and older ones of the Northeast and Midwest.Many
young professionals are moving back into the city.They prefer the city to the suburbs because their jobs are there; or they just enjoy the excitement and possibilities that the city offers.
This population shift is bringing problems as well as benefits.Countless poor people must leave their apartments in the city because the owners want to sell the buildings or make apartments for sale instead of for rent.In the 1950s, many poor people did not have enough money to move to the suburbs; now many of these same people do not have enough money to stay in the cities.
Only a few years ago, people thought that the older American cities were dying.Some city residents now see a bright, new future.Others see only problems and conflicts.One thing is sure:many dying cities are alive again. 1.What does the author think of cities all over the world?( ) A.They are alive. B.They are hopeless. C.They are similar. D.They are different.
2.Why did American city residents want to live in the suburbs after World War Ⅱ?( )
A.Because older American cities were dying.
B.Because they were richer and needed more space.
C.Because cities contained the worst parts of society. D.Because they could hardly afford to live in the city.
3.According to the 4th paragraph, a great many poor people in American cities .
A.are faced with housing problems B.are forced to move to the suburbs C.want to sell their buildings
D.need more money for daily expenses
4.We can conclude from the text that . A.American cities are changing for the worse B.people have different views on American cities C.many people are now moving from American cities
D.the population is decreasing in older American cities
Passage 16
(2010北京,C)
Pacing and Pausing
Sara tried to befriend her old friend Steve’s new wife,but Betty never seemed to have anything to say.While Sara felt Betty didn’t hold up her end of the conversation,Betty complained to Steve that Sara never gave her a chance to talk.The problem had to do with expectations about pacing and pausing.
Conversation is a turn-taking game.When our habits are similar,there’s no problem.But if our habits are different,you may start to talk before I’m finished or fail to take your turn when I’m finished.That’s what was happening with Betty and Sara.
It may not be coincidental that Betty,who expected relatively longer pauses between turns,is British,and Sara,who expected relatively shorter pauses,is American.Betty often felt interrupted by Sara.But Betty herself became an
interrupter and found herself doing most of the talking when she met a visitor from
Finland.And Sara had a hard time cutting in on some speakers from Latin America or Israel.
The general phenomenon,then,is that the small conversation techniques,like pacing and pausing,lead people to draw conclusions not about conversational style but about personality and abilities.These habitual differences are often the basis for dangerous stereotyping (思维定式).And these social phenomena can have very personal consequences.For example,a woman from the southwestern part of the US went to live in an eastern city to take up a job in personnel.When the Personnel Department got together for meetings,she kept searching for the right time to break in—and never found it.Although back home she was considered outgoing and confident,in Washington she was viewed as shy and retiring.When she was evaluated at the end of the year,she was told to take a training course because of her inability to speak up.
That’s why slight differences in conversational style—tiny little things like microseconds of pause—can have a great effect on one’s life.The result in this case was a judgment of psychological problems—even in the mind of the woman herself,who really wondered what was wrong with her and registered for assertiveness training.
1.What did Sara think of Betty when talking with her?( ) A.Betty was talkative.
B.Betty was an interrupter. C.Betty did not take her turn. D.Betty paid no attention to Sara.
2.According to the passage,who are likely to expect the shortest pauses between turns?( )
A.Americans. B.Israelis. C.The British. D.The Finns.
3.We can learn from the passage that .
A.communication breakdown results from short pauses and fast pacing B.women are unfavorably stereotyped in eastern cities of the US C.one’s inability to speak up is culturally determined sometimes D.one should receive training to build up one’s confidence
4.The underlined word “assertiveness” in the last paragraph probably means .
A.being willing to speak one’s mind B.being able to increase one’s power C.being ready to make one’s own judgment
D.being quick to express one’s ideas confidently
Passage 17
(2009四川,D)
Cities alarmed by deaths and injuries of pedestrians are taking efforts to make crosswalks safer for people on foot,especially seniors and children who need more time to cross streets.
A pedestrian is killed in a traffic accident in the USA every 110 minutes;one is injured every nine minutes,according to official date.Crosswalks can be
especially dangerous for the elderly.Among people 70 and older,36% of pedestrian deaths in 2006 occurred in crosswalks,compared with 21% of those younger than 70,according to the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety.
The Federal Highway Administration(FHWA) advises that next year states increase by nearly 15% the amount of time traffic lights provide for pedestrians to cross the street after the flashing orange hand appears.
FHWA spokesman Doug Hecox says reasons for the change include an aging population that needs more time to cross,health-conscious Americans walking more,children encouraged to walk to prevent getting overweight and high gas prices pushing people to walk instead of drive.
Pedestrian deaths went down by 12% from 5,449 in 1996 to 4,784 in 2006.But among those in 2006,471 were killed in crosswalks,down slightly from 488 ten years earlier,the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration(NHTSA)says. 1.Which of the following is true according to the text?( )
A.Among 100 pedestrian deaths there were 21 people younger than 70. B.Old people are more likely to meet with accidents in crosswalks. C.Traffic accidents killed more old people than young people. D.About seven traffic accidents happened per hour. 2.What is FHWA’s suggestion to states?( ) A.Fixing more traffic lights. B.Providing more crosswalks.
C.Giving pedestrians more time to cross streets.
D.Increasing the time before the orange lights appear.
3.What’s the cause of the crosswalk safety problem according to the text?( ) A.There’re many cars and buses on the road. B.Pedestrians are careless. C.Crosswalks are crowded. D.Drivers don’t give way.
4.The report from NHTSA suggests that . A.fewer people were injured in crosswalks B.crosswalk safety has been greatly improved C.much has been done to reduce traffic accidents
D.pedestrian deaths in crosswalks remain a serious problem 三、科普知识
Passage 1
(2013浙江,B)
Below is a selection from a popular science book. If blood is red, why are veins(静脉)blue? Actually,veins are not blue at all.They are more of a clear,yellowish colour.Although blood looks red when it’s outside the body, when it’s sitting in a vein near the surface of the skin,it’s more of a dark reddish purple colour.At the right depth, these blood-filled veins reflect less red light than the surrounding skin, making them look blue by comparison. Which works harder, your heart or your brain? That kind of depends on whether you’re busy thinking or busy exercising.Your heart works up to three times harder during exercise, and shifts enough blood over a lifetime to fill a supertanker.But,in the long run,your brain probably tips it, because even when you’re sitting still your brain is using twice as much energy as your heart,and it takes four to five times as much blood to feed it. Why do teeth fall out,and why don’t they grow back in grown-ups? Baby(or “milk”) teeth do not last long;they fall out to make room for bigger,stronger adult teeth later on.Adult teeth fall out when they become damaged,decayed and infected by bacteria.Once this second set of teeth has grown in,you’re done.When they’re gone,they’re gone.This is because nature figures you’re set for life,and what controls regrowth of your teeth switches off. Do old people shrink as they age? Yes and no.Many people do get shorter as they age.But,when they do,it isn’t because they’re shrinking all over.They simply lose height as their spine(脊柱)becomes shorter and more curved due to disuse and the effects of gravity(重力).Many(but not all) men and women do lose height as they get older.Men lose an average of 3-4 cm in height as they age,while women may lose 5 cm or more.If you live to be 200 years old,would you keep shrinking till you were,like 60 cm tall,like a little boy again? No,because old people don’t really shrink! It is not that they are growing backwards—their legs,arms and backbones getting shorter.When they do get shorter, it’s because the spine has shortened a little.Or,more often,become more bent and curved. Why does spinning make you dizzy(眩晕的)? Because your brain gets confused between what you’re seeing and what you’re feeling.The brain senses that you’re spinning using special gravity-and-motion-sensing organs in your inner ear,which work together with your eyes to keep your vision and balance stable.But when you suddenly stop spinning the system goes out of control,and your brain thinks you’re moving while you’re not! Where do feelings and emotions come from? Mostly from an ancient part of the brain called the limbic system.All mammals have this brain area—from mice to dogs,cats,and humans.So all mammals feel basic emotions like fear,pain and pleasure.But since human feelings also involve other,newer bits of the brain,we feel more complex emotions than any other animal on the planet. If exercise wears you out,how can it be good for you? Because our bodies adapt to everything we do to them.And as far as your body is concerned, it’s “use it,or lose it”!It’s not that exercise makes you healthy; it’s more that a lack of exercise leaves your body weak and easily affected by disease. 1.What is the colour of blood in a vein near the surface of the skin?( ) A.Blue. B.Light yellow.
C.Red. D.Dark reddish purple.
2.Why do some old people look a little shrunken as they age?( ) A.Because their spine is in active use.
B.Because they are more easily affected by gravity. C.Because they keep growing backwards. D.Because their spine becomes more bent.
3.Which of the following statements about our brain is true?( ) A.In the long run,our brain probably works harder than our heart. B.When our brain senses the spinning,we will feel dizzy.
C.The brains of the other mammals are as complex as those of humans.
D.Our feelings and emotions come from the most developed area in our brain. 4.What is the main purpose of the selection?( )
A.To give advice on how to stay healthy. B.To provide information about our body.
C.To challenge new findings in medical research.
D.To report the latest discoveries in medical science.
Passage 2
(2013浙江,C)
The baby monkey is much more developed at birth than the human baby.Almost from the moment it is born,the baby monkey can move around and hold tightly to its mother.During the first few days of its life the baby will approach and hold onto almost any large,warm,and soft object in its environment,particularly if that object also gives it milk.After a week or so,however,the baby monkey begins to avoid newcomers and focuses its attentions on “mother”—the real mother or the mother-substitute(母亲替代物).
During the first two weeks of its life warmth is perhaps the most important psychological(心理的)thing that a monkey mother has to give to its baby.The
Harlows,a couple who are both psychologists,discovered this fact by offering baby monkeys a choice of two types of mother-substitutes—one covered with cloth and one made of bare wire.If the two artificial mothers were both the same temperature,the little monkeys always preferred the cloth mother.However,if the wire model was heated,while the cloth model was cool,for the first two weeks after birth the baby monkeys picked the warm wire mother-substitutes as their favorites.Thereafter they switched and spent most of their time on the more comfortable cloth mother.
Why is cloth preferable to bare wire? Something that the Harlows called contact(接触)comfort seems to be the answer,and a most powerful influence it is.Baby monkeys spend much of their time rubbing against their mothers’ skins,putting themselves in as close contact with the parent as they can.Whenever the young animal is frightened,disturbed,or annoyed,it typically rushes to its mother and rubs itself against her body.Wire doesn’t “rub”as well as does soft cloth.Prolonged(长时间的)“contact comfort”with a cloth mother appears to give the babies confidence and is much more rewarding to them than is either warmth or milk.
According to the Harlows,the basic quality of a baby’s love for its mother is trust.If the baby is put into an unfamiliar playroom without its mother,the baby ignores the toys no matter how interesting they might be.It screams in terror and curls up into a furry little ball.If its cloth mother is now introduced into the playroom,the baby rushes to it and holds onto it for dear life.After a few minutes of contact comfort,it obviously begins to feel more secure.It then climbs down from the mother-substitute and begins to explore the toys,but often rushes back for a deep embrace(拥抱)as if to make sure that its mother is still there and that all is well.Bit by bit its fears of the new environment are gone and it spends more and more time playing with the toys and less and less time holding onto its“mother”. 1.Psychologically,what does the baby monkey desire most during the first two weeks of its life?( ) A.Warmth. B.Milk. C.Contact. D.Trust.
2.After the first two weeks of their life,baby monkeys prefer the cloth mother to the wire mother because the former is . A.larger in size B.closer to them
C.less frightening and less disturbing D.more comfortable to rub against
3.What does the baby monkey probably gain from prolonged “contact comfort”?( ) A.Attention. B.Softness. C.Confidence. D.Interest.
4.It can be inferred that when the baby monkey feels secure, . A.it frequently rushes back for a deep embrace when exploring the toys B.it spends more time screaming to get rewards
C.it is less attracted to the toys though they are interesting D.it cares less about whether its mother is still around 5.The main purpose of the passage is to . A.give the reasons for the experiment B.present the findings of the experiment C.introduce the method of the experiment D.describe the process of the experiment
Passage 3
(2013新课标全国Ⅰ,B)
The baby is just one day old and has not yet left hospital.She is quiet but alert (警觉).Twenty centimeters from her face researchers have placed a white card with two black spots on it.She stares at it carefully.A researcher removes the card and replaces it by another,this time with the spots differently spaced.As the cards change from one to the other,her gaze(凝视) starts to lose its focus—until a third,with three black spots,is presented.Her gaze returns:she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card.Can she tell that the number two is different from three,just 24 hours after coming into the world?
Or do newborns simply prefer more to fewer? The same experiment,but with three spots shown before two,shows the same return of interest when the number of spots changes.Perhaps it is just the newness? When slightly older babies were shown cards with pictures of objects(a comb,a key,an orange and so on),changing the number of objects had an effect separate from changing the objects themselves.Could it be the pattern that two things make,as opposed to three? No again.Babies paid more attention to squares moving randomly on a screen when their number changed from two to three,or three to two.The effect even crosses between senses.Babies who were repeatedly shown two spots became more excited when they then heard three drumbeats than when they heard just two;likewise(同样地) when the researchers started with drumbeats and moved to spots.
1.The experiment described in Paragraph 1 is related to the baby’s . A.sense of hearing B.sense of sight C.sense of touch D.sense of smell
2.Babies are sensitive to the change in . A.the size of cards B.the colour of pictures C.the shape of patterns D.the number of objects
3.Why did the researchers test the babies with drumbeats?( ) A.To reduce the difficulty of the experiment. B.To see how babies recognize sounds. C.To carry their experiment further. D.To keep the babies’ interest.
4.Where does this text probably come from?( ) A.Science fiction. B.Children’s literature. C.An advertisement. D.A science report.
Passage 4
(2013山东,C)
You can’t always predict a heavy rain or remember your umbrella.But designer Mikhail Belyaev doesn’t think that forgetting to check the weather forecast before heading out should result in you getting wet.That’s why he created Lampbrella,a lamp post with its own rain—sensing umbrella.
The designer says he came up with the idea after watching people get wet on streets in Russia.“Once,I was driving on a central Saint Petersburg street and saw the street lamps lighting up people trying to hide from the rain.I thought it would be appropriate to have a canopy(伞篷)built into a street lamp.”he said.
The Lampbrella is a standard-looking street lamp fitted with an umbrella canopy.It has a built-in electric motor which can open or close the umbrella on demand.Sensors(传感器)then ensure that the umbrella offers pedestrians shelter whenever it starts raining.
In addition to the rain sensor,there’s also a 360° motion sensor on the fiberglass street lamp which detects whether anyone is using the Lampbrella.After three minutes of not being used the canopy is closed.
According to the designer,the Lampbrella would move at a relatively low speed,so as not to cause harm to the pedestrians.Besides,it would be grounded to protect from possible lightning strike.Each Lampbrella would offer enough shelter for several people.Being installed(安装) at 2 metres off the ground,it would only be a danger for the tallest of pedestrians.
While there are no plans to take the Lampbrella into production,Belyaev says he recently introduced his creation to one Moscow Department,and insists his creation could be installed on any street where a lot of people walk but there are no canopies to provide shelter.
1.For what purpose did Belyaev create the Lampbrella?( ) A.To predict a heavy rain.
B.To check the weather forecast. C.To protect people from the rain.
D.To remind people to take an umbrella.
2.What do we know from Belyaev’s words in Paragraph 2?( ) A.His creation was inspired by an experience. B.It rains a lot in the city of Saint Petersburg. C.Street lamps are protected by canopies. D.He enjoyed taking walks in the rain.
3.Which of the following shows how the Lampbrella works?( ) A.motor→canopy→sensors B.sensors→motor→canopy C.motor→sensors→canopy D.canopy→motor→sensors
4.What does paragraph 5 mainly tell us about the Lampbrella?( ) A.Its moving speed. B.Its appearance.
C.Its installation. D.Its safety.
5.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?( )
A.The designer will open a company to promote his product. B.The Lampbrella could be put into immediate production. C.The designer is confident that his creation is practical. D.The Lampbrella would be put on show in Moscow.
Passage 5
(2013北京,D)
Multitasking
People who multitask all the time may be the worst at doing two things at once,a new research suggests.The findings,based on performances and self-evaluations by about 275 college students,indicate that many people multitask not out of a desire to increase productivity,but because they are easily distracted(分心) and can’t focus on one activity.And“those people turn out to be the worst at handling different things,” said David Sanbonmatsu,a psychologist at the University of Utah.
Sanbonmatsu and his colleagues gave the students a set of tests and asked them to report how often they multitasked,how good they thought they were at it,and how sensation-seeking(寻求刺激) or impulsive(冲动) they were.They then evaluated the participants’ multitasking ability with a tricky mental task that required the students to do simple mathematical calculations while remembering a set of letters.
Not surprisingly,the scientists said,most people thought they were better than average at multitasking,and those who thought they were better at it were more likely to report using a cellphone while driving or viewing multiple kinds of media at once.But those who frequently deal with many things at the same time were found to perform the worst at the actual multitasking test.They also were more likely to admit to sensation-seeking and impulsive behavior,which connects with how easily people get bored and distracted.
“People multitask not because it’s going to lead to greater productivity,but because they’re distractible,and they get sucked into things that are not as important.”Sanbonmatsu said.
Adam Gazzaley,a researcher at the University of California,San Francisco,who was not a member of the research group,said one limitation of the study was that it couldn’t find out whether people who start out less focused tend toward
multitasking or whether people’s recognizing and understanding abilities change as a result of multitasking.
The findings do suggest,however,why the sensation-seekers who multitask the most may enjoy risky distracted driving.“People who are multitasking are generally less sensitive to risky situations,”said Paul Atchley,another researcher not in the group.“This may partly explain why people go in for these situations even though they’re dangerous.”
1.The research led by Sanbonmatsu indicates that people who multitask . A.seek high productivity constantly
B.prefer handling different things when getting bored C.are more focused when doing many things at a time
D.have the poorest results in doing various things at the same time
2.When Sanbonmatsu and his colleagues conducted their research,they . A.assessed the multitasking ability of the students B.evaluated the academic achievements of the students
C.analyzed the effects of the participants’ tricky mental tasks D.measured the changes of the students’ understanding ability
3.According to Sanbonmatsu,people multitask because of their . A.limited power in calculation
B.interests in doing things differently C.inability to concentrate on one task D.impulsive desire to try new things
4.From the last paragraph,we can learn that multitaskers usually . A.drive very skillfully B.go in for different tasks
C.fail to react quickly to potential dangers
D.refuse to explain the reasons for their behavior
Passage 6
(2013福建,B)
Your glasses may someday replace your smartphone,and some New Yorkers are ready for the switch.Some in the city can’t wait to try them on and use the maps and GPS that the futuristic eyewear is likely to include.
“ I’d use it if I were hanging out with friends at 3 a.m.and going to the bar and wanted to see what was open,” said Walter Choo,40,of Fort Greene.
The smartphone-like glasses will likely come out this year and cost between $250 and $600,the Times said,possibly including a variation of augmented(增强的)
reality,a technology already available on smartphones and tablets (平板电脑) that overlays information onto the screen about one’s surroundings.So,for example,if you were walking down a street,indicators would pop up showing you the nearest coffee shop or directions could be plotted out and come into view right on the sidewalk in front of you.
“ As far as a mainstream consumer product,this just isn’t something anybody needs,” said Sam Biddle,who writes for Gizmodo.com.“ We’re accustomed to having one thing in our pocket to do all these things,” he added,“and the average consumer isn’t gonna be able to afford another device (装置) that’s hundreds and hundreds of dollars.”
9 to 5 Google publisher Seth Weintraub,who has been reporting on the
smartphone-like glasses since late last year,said he is confident that this type of wearable device will eventually be as common as smartphones.
“It’s just like smartphones 10 years ago,” Weintraub said.“A few people started getting emails on their phones,and people thought that was crazy.Same kind of thing.We see people bending their heads to look at their smartphones,and it’s unnatural,” he said.“ There’s gonna be improvements to that,and this a step there.” 1.One of the possible functions of the smartphone-like glasses is to . A.program the opening hours of a bar
B.supply you with a picture of the future C.provide information about your surroundings D.update the maps and GPS in your smartphones 2.The underlined phrase “pop up” in the third paragraph probably means “ ”. A.develop rapidly B.get round quickly
C.appear immediately D.go over automatically
3.According to Sam Biddle,the smartphone-like glasses are . A.necessary for teenagers B.attractive to New Yorkers C.available to people worldwide D.expensive for average consumers
4.We can learn from the last two paragraphs that the smartphone-like glasses .
A.may have a potential market B.are as common as smartphones C.are popular among young adults
D.will be improved by a new technology
Passage 7
(2013辽宁,C)
Here is an astonishing and significant fact: Mental work alone can’t make us tired.It sounds absurd.But a few years ago,scientists tried to find out how long the human brain could labor without reaching a stage of fatigue (疲劳).To the amazement of these scientists,they discovered that blood passing through the brain,when it is active,shows no fatigue at all! If we took a drop of blood from a day laborer,we would find it full of fatigue toxins (毒素) and fatigue products.But if we took blood from the brain of an Albert Einstein,it would show no fatigue toxins at the end of the day.
So far as the brain is concerned,it can work as well and swiftly at the end of eight or even twelve hours of effort as at the beginning.The brain is totally tireless.So what makes us tired?
Some scientists declare that most of our fatigue comes from our mental and emotional (情感的) attitudes.One of England’s most outstanding scientists,J.A.Hadfield,says,“The greater part of the fatigue from which we suffer is of mental origin.In fact,fatigue of purely physical origin is rare.” Dr.Brill,a famous American scientist,goes even further.He declares,“One hundred percent of the fatigue of a sitting worker in good health is due to emotional problems.”
What kinds of emotions make sitting workers tired? Joy? Satisfaction? No! A feeling of being bored,anger,anxiety,tenseness,worry,a feeling of not being
appreciated—those are the emotions that tire sitting workers.Hard work by itself seldom causes fatigue.We get tired because our emotions produce nervousness in the body.
1.What surprised the scientists a few years ago?( )
A.Fatigue toxins could hardly be found in a laborer’s blood. B.Albert Einstein didn’t feel worn out after a day’s work. C.The brain could work for many hours without fatigue. D.A mental worker’s blood was filled with fatigue toxins.
2.According to the author,which of the following can make sitting workers tired?( )
A.Challenging mental work. B.Unpleasant emotions. C.Endless tasks. D.Physical labor.
3.What’s the author’s attitude towards the scientists’ ideas?( ) A.He agrees with them. B.He doubts them.
C.He argues against them.
D.He hesitates to accept them.
4.We can infer from the passage that in order to stay energetic,sitting workers need to .
A.have some good food B.enjoy their work
C.exercise regularly D.discover fatigue toxins
Passage 8
(2012新课标全国,B)
Honey from the African forest is not only a kind of natural sugar,it is also delicious.Most people,and many animals,like eating it.However,the only way for them to get that honey is to find a wild bees’ nest and take the honey from it.Often,these nests are high up in trees,and it is difficult to find them.In parts of
Africa,though,people and animals looking for honey have a strange and unexpected helper—a little bird called a honey guide.
The honey guide does not actually like honey,but it does like the wax in the beehives (蜂房).The little bird cannot reach this wax,which is deep inside the bees’ nest.So,when it finds a suitable nest,it looks for someone to help it.The honey guide gives a loud cry that attracts the attention of both passing animals and people.Once it has their attention,it flies through the forest,waiting from time to time for the curious animal or person as it leads them to the nest.When they finally arrive at the nest,the follower reaches in to get at the delicious honey as the bird patiently waits and watches.Some of the honey,and the wax,always falls to the ground,and this is when the honey guide takes its share.
Scientists do not know why the honey guide likes eating the wax,but it is very determined in its efforts to get it.The birds seem to be able to smell wax from a long distance away.They will quickly arrive whenever a beekeeper is taking honey from his beehives,and will even enter churches when beeswax candles are being lit. 1.Why is it difficult to find a wild bees’ nest?( ) A.It’s small in size. B.It’s hidden in trees.
C.It’s covered with wax. D.It’s hard to recognize.
2.What do the words “the follower” in Paragraph 2 refer to?( ) A.A bee. B.A bird.
C.A honey seeker. D.A beekeeper.
3.The honey guide is special in the way . A.it gets its food B.it goes to church
C.it sings in the forest D.it reaches into bees’ nests 4.What can be the best title for the text?( ) A.Wild Bees B.Wax and Honey
C.Beekeeping in Africa D.Honey-Lover’s Helper
Passage 9
(2012全国Ⅱ,B)
You may think that sailing is a difficult sport,but it is really not hard to learn it.You do not need to be strong.But you need to be quick.And you need to understand a few basic rules about the wind.
First,you must ask yourself,“Where is the wind coming from? Is it coming from ahead or behind or from the side?”You must think about this all the time on the boat.The wind direction tells you what to do with the sail.
Let’s start with the wind blowing from behind.This means the wind and the boat are going in the same direction.Then you must always keep the sail outside the boat.It should be at a 90° angle (角度) to the boat.Then it will catch the wind best.
If the wind is blowing from the side,it is blowing across the boat.In this case,you must keep the sail half way outside the boat.It should be at a 45° angle to the boat.It needs to be out far enough to catch the wind,but it shouldn’t flap (摆动).It shouldn’t look like a flag on a flagpole.If it is flapping,it is probably out too far,and the boat will slow down.
Sailing into the wind is not possible.If you try,the sail will flap and the boat will stop.You may want to go in that direction.It is possible,but you can’t go in
a straight line.You must go first in one direction and then in another.This is called tacking.When you are tacking,you must always keep the sail inside the boat. 1.What should you consider first while sailing?( ) A.Sailors’ strength. B.Wave levels. C.Wind directions. D.Size of sails.
2.What does the word “It” underlined in Paragraph 4 refer to?( ) A.The boat. B.The wind. C.The sail. D.The angle.
3.What do you have to do when sailing against the wind?( ) A.Move in a straight line. B.Allow the sail to flap. C.Lower the sail. D.Tack the boat.
4.Where can you probably find the text?( )
A.In a popular magazine. B.In a tourist guidebook. C.In a physics textbook. D.In an official report.
Passage 10
(2012全国Ⅱ,C)
Facial expressions carry meaning that is determined by situations and
relationships.For example,in American culture (文化) the smile is in general an expression of pleasure.Yet it also has other uses.A woman’s smile at a police officer does not carry the same meaning as the smile she gives to a young child.A smile may show love or politeness.It can also hide true feelings.It often causes confusion (困惑) across cultures.For example,many people in Russia consider smiling at strangers in public to be unusual and even improper.Yet many Americans smile freely at strangers in public places (although this is less common in big cities).Some Russians believe that Americans smile in the wrong places;some Americans believe that Russians don’t smile enough.In Southeast Asian cultures,a smile is frequently used to cover painful feelings.Vietnamese people may tell a sad story but end the story with a smile.
Our faces show emotions (情感),but we should not attempt to “read” people from another culture as we would “read” someone from our own culture.The fact that members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as do members of another does not mean that they do not experience emotions.Rather,there are cultural differences in the amount of facial expressiveness permitted.For example,in public and in formal situations many Japanese do not show their emotions as freely as Americans do.When with friends,Japanese and Americans seem to show their emotions similarly.
It is difficult to generalize about Americans and facial expressiveness because of personal and cultural differences in the United States.People from certain cultural backgrounds in the United States seem to be more facially expressive than others.The key is to try not to judge people whose ways of showing emotion are different.If we judge according to our own cultural habits,we may make the mistake of “reading” the other person incorrectly.
1.What does the smile usually mean in the U.S.?( ) A.Love. B.Politeness. C.Joy. D.Thankfulness. 2.The author mentions the smile of the Vietnamese to prove that a smile can . A.show friendliness to strangers B.be used to hide true feelings C.be used in the wrong places D.show personal habits
3.What should we do before attempting to “read” people?( ) A.Learn about their relations with others. B.Understand their cultural backgrounds. C.Find out about their past experience. D.Figure out what they will do next.
4.What would be the best title for the text?( ) A.Cultural Differences B.Smiles and Relationships C.Facial Expressiveness D.Habits and Emotions
Passage 11
(2012安徽,E)
Welcome to your future life!
You get up in the morning and look into the mirror.Your face is firm and young-looking.In 2035,medical technology is better than ever.Many people your age could live to be 150,so at 40,you’re not old at all.And your parents just had an anti-aging (抗衰老的)treatment.Now,all three of you look the same age!
You say to your shirt,“Turn red.” It changes from blue to red.In 2035,“smart clothes”contain particles (粒子) much smaller than the cells in your body.The particles can be programmed to change your clothes’ color or pattern.
You walk into the kitchen.You pick up the milk,but a voice says,“You shouldn’t drink that!” Your fridge has read the chip (芯片) that contains information about the milk,and it knows the milk is old.In 2035,every article of food in the grocery store has such a chip.
It’s time to go to work.In 2035,cars drive themselves.Just tell your “smart car” where to go.On the way,you can call a friend using your jacket sleeve.Such “smart technology” is all around you.
So will all these things come true? “For new technology to succeed,” says scientist Andrew Zolli,“it has to be so much better that it replaces what we have already.”The Internet is one example—what will be the next? 1.We can learn from the text that in the future . A.people will never get old B.everyone will look the same
C.red will be the most popular color
D.clothes will be able to change their pattern 2.What can be inferred from Paragraph 4?( ) A.Milk will be harmful to health.
B.More drinks will be available for sale.
C.Food in the grocery store will carry electronic information. D.Milk in the grocery store will stay fresh much longer. 3.Which of the following is mentioned in the text?( ) A.Nothing can replace the Internet. B.Fridges will know what people need. C.Jacket sleeves can be used as a guide. D.Cars will be able to drive automatically. 4.What is the text mainly about?( ) A.Food and clothing in 2035.
B.Future technology in everyday life. C.Medical treatments of the future.
D.The reason for the success of new technology.
Passage 12
(2012重庆,D)
To take the apple as a forbidden fruit is the most unlikely story the Christians (教徒)have ever cooked up.For them,the forbidden fruit from Eden is evil (的).So when Columbus brought the tomato back from South America,a land mistakenly considered to be Eden,everyone jumped to the obvious conclusion.Wrongly taken as the apple of Eden,the tomato was shut out of the door of Europeans.
What made it particularly terrifying was its similarity to the mandrake,a plant that was thought to have come from Hell (地狱).What earned the plant its awful reputation was its roots which looked like a dried-up human body occupied by evil spirits.Though the tomato and the mandrake were quite different except that both had bright red or yellow fruit,the general population considered them one and the same,too terrible to touch.
Cautious Europeans long ignored the tomato,and until the early 1700s most of the Western people continued to drag their feet.In the 1880s,the daughter of a well-known plant expert wrote that the most interesting part of an afternoon tea at her father’s house had been the “introduction of this wonderful new fruit—or is it a vegetable?”As late as the twentieth century some writers still classed tomatoes with mandrakes as an “evil fruit”.
But in the end tomatoes carried the day.The hero of the tomato was an American named Robert Johnson,and when he was publicly going to eat the tomato in 1820,people journeyed for hundreds of miles to watch him drop dead.“What are you afraid of?” he shouted.“I’ll show you fools that these things are good to eat!” Then he bit into the tomato.Some people fainted.But he survived and,according to a local story,set up a tomato-canning factory.
1.The tomato was shut out of the door of early Europeans mainly because . A.it made Christians evil B.it was the apple of Eden C.it came from a forbidden land D.it was religiously unacceptable
2.What can we infer from the underlined part in Paragraph 3?( ) A.The process of ignoring the tomato slowed down.
B.There was little progress in the study of the tomato. C.The tomato was still refused in most western countries. D.Most western people continued to get rid of the tomato.
3.What is the main reason for Robert Johnson to eat the tomato publicly?( ) A.To make himself a hero.
B.To remove people’s fear of the tomato. C.To speed up the popularity of the tomato.
D.To persuade people to buy products from his factory. 4.What is the main purpose of the passage?( )
A.To challenge people’s fixed concepts of the tomato.
B.To give an explanation to people’s dislike of the tomato. C.To present the change of people’s attitudes to the tomato.
D.To show the process of freeing the tomato from religious influence.
Passage 13
(2012山东,D)
For those who are tired of doing the laundry,Samsung has found an answer:a washing machine that can tell you when your laundry is done via a smartphone app(application).
Strange though it may seem—“my wife already does that”was a common response among attendees viewing the device when it was introduced at the Consumer Electronics Show(CES) this week—Samsung is just one of many appliance makers racing to install (安装) a large number of internet-connected features in machines in an effort to make them “smart”.
Last year,it was a refrigerator that tweeted.This year,it’s Wi-Fi-enabled laundry machines and fridges that can tell you when your groceries are going bad.
The washers and dryers,available starting in the spring,connect to any smartphone through a downloadable application.The phone can then be used as a remote control,so the machines can be turned on and off while their owner is at work or on the bus.
Samsung says it’s not just something new—the app connection actually has some practical uses.
“If you started to dry clothes in the morning and forgot to take them out,you can go to your phone and restart your dryer for the time when you come home,so your clothes are refreshed and ready to go,” said spokesperson Amy Schmidt.
The company also says that with electricity rates (电价) varying depending on the time of day,more control over when the machines are used can help save money.
Perhaps,but what they will probably really accomplish is what all good
technologies do—enable laziness.Rather than getting up to check on whether the laundry is done,users will instead monitor it on their phones while watching TV. 1.What can be inferred from the common response of the attendees at the CES?( ) A.The machine will be a big success. B.Their wives like doing the laundry. C.The machine is unrelated to their life.
D.This kind of technology is familiar to them.
2.What can we learn about the new laundry machines?( ) A.They can tell you when your clothes need washing. B.They can be controlled with a smartphone. C.They are difficult to operate. D.They are sold at a low price.
3.We can conclude from Samsung’s statements that . A.the app connection makes life easier
B.it is better to dry clothes in the morning C.smartphones can shorten the drying time D.we should refresh clothes back at home
4.What is the main idea of the last paragraph?( ) A.The laundry should be frequently checked. B.Lazy people like using such machines. C.Good technologies also cause problems. D.Television may help do the laundry.
Passage 14
(2012四川,E)
Plants are flowering faster than scientists predicted (预测)in reaction to climate change,which could have long damaging effects on food chains and ecosystems.
Global warming is having a great effect on hundreds of plant and animal species around the world,changing some living patterns,scientists say.
Increased carbon dioxide(CO2) in the air from burning coal and oil can have an effect on how plants produce oxygen,while higher temperatures and changeable rainfall patterns can change their patterns of growth.
“Predicting species’reaction to climate change is a major challenge in ecology,”said the researchers of several U.S.universities.They said plants had been the key object of study because their reaction to climate change could have an effect on food chains and ecosystem services.
The study,published on the Nature website,uses the findings from plant life cycle studies and experiments across four continents and 1,634 species.It found that some experiments had underestimated (低估) the speed of flowering by 8.5 times and leafing by 4 times.
“Across all species,the experiments under-predicted the speed of the advance—for both leafing and flowering—that results from temperature increases,”the study said.
The design of future experiments may need to be improved to better predict how plants will react to climate change,it said.
Plants are necessary for life on the Earth.They are the base of the food chain,using photosynthesis (光合作用)to produce sugar from carbon dioxide and water.They let out oxygen which is needed by nearly every organism on the planet.
Scientists believe the world’s average temperature has risen by about 0.8℃ since 1900,and nearly 0.2℃ every ten years since 1979.
So far,efforts to cut emissions (排放) of planet-warming greenhouse gases are not seen as enough to prevent the Earth heating up beyond 2℃ this century—a point scientists say will bring the danger of a changeable climate in which weather extremes are common,leading to drought,floods,crop failures and rising sea levels. 1.What is the key information the author wants to give in Paragraph 1?( ) A.Plants’ reaction to weather could have damaging effects on ecosystems. B.The increasing speed of flowering is beyond scientists’expectation. C.Climate change leads to the change of food production patterns. D.Food chains have been seriously damaged because of weather.
2.We can learn from the study published on the Nature website that . A.plants’ flowering is 8.5 times faster than leafing B.there are 1,634 plant species on the four continents C.scientists should improve the design of the experiments
D.the experiments failed to predict how plants react to climate change
3.Scientists pay special attention to the study of plants because . A.they can prove the climate change clearly B.they are very important in the food chains
C.they play a leading role in reducing global warming D.they are growing and flowering much faster than before
4.What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs about the world’s temperature?( )
A.It has risen nearly 0.2℃ since 1979. B.Its change will lead to weather extremes. C.It is 0.8℃ higher in 1979 than that of 1900.
D.It needs to be controlled within 2℃ in this century.
Passage 15
(2012陕西,C)
Eating too much fatty food,exercising too little and smoking can raise your future risk of heart disease.But there is another factor that can cause your heart problems more immediately: the air you breathe.
Previous studies have linked high exposure (暴露) to environmental pollution to an increased risk of heart problems,but two analyses now show that poor air quality
can lead to heart attack or stroke (中风) within as little as a few hours after exposure.In one review of the research,scientists found that people exposed to high levels of pollutants (污染物) were up to 5% more likely to suffer a heart attack within days of exposure than those with lower exposure.A separate study of stroke patients showed that even air that the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) considers to be of “moderate” (良好) quality and relatively safe for our health can raise the risk of stroke as much as 34% within 12 to 14 hours of exposure.
The authors of both studies stress that these risks are relatively small for healthy people and certainly modest compared with other risk factors such as smoking and high blood pressure.However,it is important to be aware of these dangers because everyone is exposed to air pollution regardless of lifestyle choices.So stricter regulation by the EPA of pollutants may not only improve environmental air quality but could also become necessary to protect public health.
1.The text mainly discusses the relationship between . A.heart problems and air quality B.heart problems and exercising C.heart problems and smoking D.heart problems and fatty food
2.The underlined word “modest” in Paragraph 3 most probably means . A.relatively high B.extremely low C.relatively low D.extremely high 3.What can we learn from the text?( )
A.Eating fatty food has immediate effects on your heart. B.The EPA conducted many studies on air quality. C.Moderate air quality is more harmful than smoking. D.Stricter regulations on pollutants should be made.
4.The author’s purpose of writing the text is most likely to . A.inform B.persuade C.describe D.entertain
Passage 16
(2012福建,D)
Do you know how it is when you see someone yawn and you start yawning too?Or how hard it is to be among people laughing and not laugh yourself?Well,apparently it’s because we have mirror neurons (神经元)in our brains.
Put simply,the existence of mirror neurons suggests that every time we see someone else do something,our brains imitate (模枋)it,whether or not we actually perform the same action.This explains a great deal about how we learn to
smile,talk,walk,dance or play sports.But the idea goes further:mirror neurons not only appear to explain physical actions,they also tell us that there is a biological basis for the way we understand other people.
Mirror neurons can undoubtedly be found all over our brains,but especially in the areas which relate to our ability to use languages,and to understand how other people feel.Researchers have found that mirror neurons relate strongly to language.A group of researchers discovered that if they gave people sentences to listen to (for example:“The hand took hold of the ball”),the same mirror neurons were triggered as when the action was actually performed (in this example,actually taking hold of a ball).
Any problems with mirror neurons may well result in problems with behavior.Much research suggests that people with social and behavioral problems have mirror
neurons which are not fully functioning.However,it is not yet known exactly how these discoveries might help find treatments for social disorders.
Research into mirror neurons seems to provide us with ever more information concerning how humans behave and interact (互动).Indeed,it may turn out to be the equivalent (相等物)for neuroscience of what Einstein’s theory of relativity was for physics.And the next time you feel the urge to cough in the cinema when someone else does—well,perhaps you’ll understand why. 1.Mirror neurons can explain . A.why we cry when we are hurt
B.why we cough when we suffer from a cold C.why we smile when we see someone else smile
D.why we yawn when we see someone else stay up late 2.The underlined word “triggered”in the third paragraph probably means “ ”. A.set off B.cut off C.built up D.broken up
3.We can learn from the passage that mirror neurons . A.relate to human behavior and interaction B.control human physical actions and feelings C.result in bad behavior and social disorders D.determine our knowledge and language abilities 4.What is the passage mainly about?( ) A.Ways to find mirror neurons. B.Problems of mirror neurons. C.Existence of mirror neurons. D.Functions of mirror neurons.
Passage 17
(2009浙江,B)
Below are some classified ads from an English newspaper.
Classified ads
FOR DIRECT CLASSIFIED SERVICE CALL 800-0557 10 A.M.—4 P.M.MONDAY-FRIDAY FOR SALE
COME to our moving sale—Plants,pottery,books,clothes,etc.Sat.,Dec.14th—9a.m.-5p.m. 1612 Femdale,Apt.1800-4696. USED FUR COATS and JACKETS.
Good condition.$30—$50.Call 800-0436 after 12 noon.
MOVING:Must sell.TV 21″,$50;AM/FM radio A/C or battery,$15;cassette tape recorder,$10.Call Jon or Pat,800-0739 after 5 p.m.or weekends.
SHEEPSKIN COAT:man’s,size 42,1 year old.$85.After 6 p.m.,800-5224. LOST AND FOUND
FOUND:Cat,6 months old,black and white markings.Found near Linden and South U.Steve.800-4661.
LOST:Gold wire rim glasses in brown case.Campus area.Reward.Call Gregg 800-26. FOUND:Set of keys on Tappan near Hill intersection.Identify key chain.Call 800-9662. FOUND:Nov.8th—A black and white puppy in Packard-Jewett area.800-5770. PERSONAL
OVERSEAS JOBS—Australia,Europe,S.America,Africa.Students all professions and occupations,$700 to $3 000 monthly.Expenses paid overtime.Sightseeing.Free information at STUDENTS’ UNION.
THE INTERNATIONAL CENTER plans to publish a booklet of student travel adventures.If you’d like to write about your foreign experiences,unusual or just plain interesting,call us(800-9310)and ask for Mike or Janet. UNSURE WHAT TO DO?
Life-Planning Workshop.Dec.13th—15th,Bob and Margaret Atwood,800-0046. ROOMMATES
FEMALE ROOMMATE
WANTED:Own room near campus.Available December 1st.Rent $300 per month until March 1st.$450 thereafter.Call Jill for details,800-7839.
MEED PERSON to assume Lease for own bedroom in apt.near campus, $380/mo. starting Jan 1st. Call 800-6157 after 5 p.m. DOMESTIC SERVICE
EARLY HOUR WAKE-UP SERVICE:For prompt,courteous wake-up service,call 800-0760. HELP WANTED
BABYSITTER—MY HOME
If you are available a few hours during the day,and some evenings to care for 2 school-age children,please call Gayle Moore,days 800-1111,evenings and weekends 800-49.
PERSONS WANTED for delivery work.Own transportation.Good pay.Apply 2311 E.Stadium.Office 101,after 9 a.m.
TELEPHONE RECEPTIONIST WANTED.No experience necessary.Good pay.Apply 2311 E.Stadium.office 101,after 9 a.m. WAITRESS WANTED:10 a.m.-2 p.m.or 10:30 a.m.-5 p.m.Apply in person,207 S.Main Curtis Restaurant.
HELP WANTED for house cleaning 1/2 day on weekends.When—to be discussed for mutual convenience.Good wages.Sylvan Street.Call 800-2817. 1.Where will you post a notice if you need someone to look after your children?( ) A.PERSONAL. B.HELP WANTED.
C.DOMESTIC SERVICE. D.ROOMMATES.
2.A second-hand jacket will probably cost you . A.$60 B.$40 C.$20 D.$10
3.To have your travel notes published,you may contact . A.Students’ Union B.Gayle Moore
C.The International Center D.Life -Planning Workshop
4.If you want to have someone wake you up in the morning,you may call . A.800-5224 B.800-5770 C.800-7839 D.800-0760
Passage 18
(2009浙江,C)
Plants can’t communicate by moving or making sounds,as most animals
do.Instead,plants produce volatile compounds,chemicals that easily change from a liquid to a gas.A flower’s sweet smell,for example,comes from volatile compounds that the plant produces to attract insects such as bugs and bees.
Plants can also detect volatile compounds produced by other plants.A tree under attack by hungry insects,for instance,may give off volatile compounds that let other trees know about the attack.In response,the other trees may send off chemicals to keep the bugs away—or even chemicals that attract the bugs’ natural enemies.
Now scientists have created a quick way to understand what plants are saying:a chemical sensor(传感器)called an electronic nose.The“e-nose”can tell compounds that crop plants make when they’re attacked.Scientists say the e-nose could help quickly detect whether plants are being eaten by insects.But today the only way to detect such insects is to visually inspect individual plants.This is a challenging task for managers of greenhouses,enclosed gardens that can house thousands of plants.
The research team worked with an e-nose that recognizes volatile compounds.Inside the device,13 sensors chemically react with volatile
compounds.Based on these interactions,the e-nose gives off electronic signals that the scientists analyze using computer software.
To test the nose,the team presented it with healthy leaves from cucumber,pepper and tomato plants,all common greenhouse crops.Then the scientists collected samples of air around damaged leaves from each type of crop.These plants had been damaged by insects,or by scientists who made holes in the leaves with a hole punch(打孔器).
The e-nose,it turns out,could identify healthy cucumber,pepper and tomato plants based on the volatile compounds they produce.It could also identify tomato leaves that had been damaged.But even more impressive,the device could tell which type of damage—by insects or with a hole punch—had been done to the tomato leaves.
With some fine-turning,a device like the e-nose could one day be used in greenhouses to quickly spot harmful bugs,the researchers say.A device like this could also be used to identify fruits that are perfectly ripe and ready to pick and eat,says Natalia Dudareva,a biochemist at Purdue University in West
Lafayette,Ind.who studies smells of flowers and plants.Hopefully,scientists
believe,the device could bring large benefits to greenhouse managers in the near future.
1.We learn from the text that plants communicate with each other by . A.making some sounds B.waving their leaves
C.producing some chemicals
D.sending out electronic signals
2.What did the scientists do to find out if the e-nose worked?( ) A.They presented it with all common crops. B.They fixed 13 sensors inside the device. C.They collected different damaged leaves.
D.They made tests on damaged and healthy leaves.
3.According to the writer,the most amazing thing about the e-nose is that it can .
A.pick out ripe fruits B.spot the insects quickly
C.distinguish different damages to the leaves D.recognize unhealthy tomato leaves
4.We can infer from the last paragraph that the e-nose . A.is unable to tell the smell of flowers B.is not yet used in greenhouses
C.is designed by scientists at Purdue D.is helpful in killing harmful insects 四、说理议论
Passage 1
(2013新课标全国Ⅰ,C)
It happened to me recently.I was telling someone how much I had enjoyed reading Barack Obama’s Dreams From My Father and how it had changed my views of our President.A friend I was talking to agreed with me that it was,in his words,“a brilliantly(精彩地)written book”.However,he then went on to talk about Mr Obama in a way which suggested he had no idea of his background at all.I sensed that I was talking to a book liar.
And it seems that my friend is not the only one.Approximately two thirds of people have lied about reading a book which they haven’t.In the World Book Day’s“Report on Guilty Secrets”,Dreams From My Father is at number 9.The report lists ten books,and various authors,which people have lied about reading,and as I’m not one to lie too often (I’d hate to be caught out ),I’ll admit here and now that I haven’t read the entire top ten.But I am pleased to say that,unlike 42 percent of people,I have read the book at number one,George Orwell’s 1984.I think it’s really brilliant.
The World Book Day report also has some other interesting information in it.It says that many people lie about having read Jane Austen,Charles Dickens,Fyodor Dostoevsky(I haven’t read him,but haven’t lied about it either )and Herman Melville.
Asked why they lied,the most common reason was to“impress”someone they were speaking to.This could be tricky if the conversation became more in -depth!
But when asked which authors they actually enjoy,people named J.K.Rowling,John Grisham,Sophie Kinsella(ah,the big sellers,in other words).Forty-two percent of people asked admitted they turned to the back of the book to read the end before finishing the story(I’ll come clean:I do this and am astonished that 58 percent said they had never done so).
1.How did the author find his friend a book liar?( ) A.By judging his manner of speaking. B.By looking into his background. C.By mentioning a famous name. D.By discussing the book itself.
2.Which of the following is a“guilty secret ”according to the World Book Day report?( )
A.Charles Dickens is very low on the top-ten list. B.42% of people pretended to have read 1984. C.The author admitted having read 9 books. D.Dreams From My Father is hardly read.
3.By lying about reading,a person hopes to . A.control the conversation B.appear knowledgeable C.learn about the book D.make more friends
4.What is the author’s attitude to 58% of readers?( ) A.Favorable. B.Uncaring C.Doubtful D.Friendly
Passage 2
(2013新课标全国Ⅱ,A)
Doctors are known to be terrible pilots.They don’t listen because they already know it all.I was lucky:I became a pilot in 1970,almost ten years before I graduated from medical school.I didn’t realize then,but becoming a pilot makes me a better surgeon.I loved flying.As I flew bigger,faster planes,and in worse weather,I learned
about crew resource management(机组资源管理),or CRM,a new idea to make flying safer.It means that crew members should listen and speak up for a good result,regardless of positions.
I first read about CRM in 1980.Not long after that,an attending doctor and I were flying in bad weather.The controller had us turn too late to get our landing ready.The attending doctor was flying; I was safety pilot.He was so busy because of the bad turn,he had forgotten to put the landing gear(起落架) down.He was a better pilot—and my boss—so it felt unusual to speak up.But I had to: Our lives were in danger.I put aside my uneasiness and said,“We need to put the landing gear down now!”That was my first real lesson in the power of CRM,and I’ve used it in the operating room ever since.
CRM requires that the pilot/surgeon encourage others to speak up.It further requires that when opinions are from the opposite,the doctor doesn’t overreact,which might prevent fellow doctors from voicing opinions again.So when I’m in the operating room,I ask for ideas and help from others.Sometimes they’re not willing to speak up.But I hope that if I continue to encourage them ,someday someone will keep me from “landing gear up”.
1.What does the author say about doctors in general?( ) A.They like flying by themselves. B.They are unwilling to take advice. C.They pretend to be good pilots. D.They are quick learners of CRM.
2.The author deepened his understanding of the power of CRM when . A.he saved the plane by speaking up B.he was in charge of a flying task C.his boss landed the plane too late D.his boss operated on a patient
3.In the last paragraph “landing gear up” probably means . A.following flying requirements.
B.overreacting to different opinions. C.listening to what fellow doctors say D.making a mistake that may cost lives
4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?( ) A.CRM:A New Way to Make Flying Safe B.Flying Makes Me a Better Doctor C.The Making of a Good Pilot D.A Pilot-Turned Doctor
Passage 3
(2013江西,D)
One might expect that the ever-growing demands of the tourist trade would bring nothing but good for the countries that receive the holiday-makers.Indeed,a rosy picture is painted for the long-term future of the holiday industry.Every month sees the building of a new hotel somewhere.And every month another rock-bound Pacific island is advertised as the “last paradise(天堂) on earth”.
However,the scale and speed of this growth seem set to destroy the very things tourists want to enjoy.In those countries where there was a rush to make quick money out of sea-side holidays,over-crowded beaches and the concrete jungles of endless hotels have begun to lose their appeal.
Those countries with little experience of tourism can suffer most.In recent years,Nepal set out to attract foreign visitors to fund developments in health and
education.Its forests ,full of wildlife and rare flowers,were offered to tourists as one more untouched paradise.In fact,the nature all too soon felt the effects of thousands of holiday-makers traveling through the forest land.Ancient tracks became major routes for the walkers,with the consequent exploitation of precious trees and plants.
Not only can the environment of a country suffer from the sudden growth of tourism.The people as well rapidly feel its effects.Farmland makes way for
hotels,roads and airports; the old way of life goes.The one-time farmer is now the servant of some multi-national organization; he is no longer his own master.Once it was his back that bore the pain; now it is his smile that is exploited.No doubt he wonders whether he wasn’t happier in his village working his own land.
Thankfully,the tourist industry is waking up to the responsibilities it has towards those countries that receive its customers.The protection of wildlife and the creation of national parks go hand in hand with tourist development and in fact obtain financial support from tourist companies.At the same time,tourists are being encouraged to respect not only the countryside they visit but also its people.
The way tourism is handled in the next ten years will decide its fate and that of the countries we all want to visit.Their needs and problems are more important than those of the tourist companies.Increased understanding in planning world-wide tourism can preserve the market for these companies.If not,in a few years’ time the very things that attract tourists now may well have been destroyed. 1.What does the author indicate in the last sentence of Paragraph 1?( ) A.The Pacific island is a paradise. B.The Pacific island is worth visiting. C.The advertisement is not convincing. D.The advertisement is not impressive.
2.The example of Nepal is used to suggest . A.its natural resources are untouched B.its forests are exploited for farmland C.it develops well in health and education D.it suffers from the heavy flow of tourists
3.What can we learn about the farmers from Paragraph 4?( ) A.They are happy to work their own lands.
B.They have to please the tourists for a living. C.They have to struggle for their independence.
D.They are proud of working in multi-national organizations. 4.Which of the following determines the future of tourism?( ) A.The number of tourists.
B.The improvement of services. C.The promotion of new products. D.The management of tourism. 5.The author’s attitude towards the development of the tourist industry is . A.optimistic B.doubtful C.objective D.negative
Passage 4
(2013北京,C)
Does Fame Drive You Crazy?
Although being famous might sound like a dream come true,today’s stars,feeling like zoo animals,face pressures that few of us can imagine.They are at the center of much of the world’s attention.Paparazzi(狗仔队) camp outside their homes,cameras ready.Tabloids(小报) publish thrilling stories about their personal lives.Just
imagine not being able to do anything without being photographed or interrupted for a signature.
According to psychologist Christina Villarreal,celebrities—famous people—worry constantly about their public appearance.Eventually,they start to lose track of who they really are,seeing themselves the way their fans imagine them,not as the people they were before everyone knew their names.“Over time,”Villarreal says,“they feel separated and alone.”
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The phenomenon of tracking celebrities has been around for ages.In the 4 century B.C.,painters followed Alexander the Great into battle,hoping to picture his
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victories for his admirers.When Charles Dickens visited America in the 19 century,his sold-out readings attracted thousands of fans,leading him to complain(抱怨) about his lack of privacy.Tabloids of the 1920s and 1930s ran articles about film-stars in much the same way that modern tabloids and websites do.
Being a public figure today,however,is a lot more difficult than it used to be.Superstars cannot move about without worrying about photographers with modern cameras.When they say something silly or do something ridiculous,there is always the Internet to spread the news in minutes and keep their “story” alive forever.
If fame is so troublesome,why aren’t all celebrities running away from it? The answer is there are still ways to deal with it.Some stars stay calm by surrounding themselves with trusted friends and family or by escaping to remote places away from big cities.They focus not on how famous they are but on what they love to do or whatever made them famous in the first place.
Sometimes a few celebrities can get a little justice.Still,even stars who enjoy full justice often complain about how hard their lives are.They are tired of being famous already.
1.It can be learned from the passage that stars today . A.are often misunderstood by the public
B.can no longer have their privacy protected C.spend too much on their public appearance
D.care little about how they have come into fame 2.What is the main idea of Paragraph 3?( )
A.Great heroes of the past were generally admired. B.The problem faced by celebrities has a long history. C.Well-known actors are usually targets of tabloids. D.Works of popular writers often have a lot of readers. 3.What makes it much harder to be a celebrity today?( ) A.Availability of modern media. B.Inadequate social recognition. C.Lack of favorable chances. D.Huge population of fans.
4.What is the author’s attitude toward modern celebrity?( ) A.Sincere. B.Sceptical.
C.Disapproving. D.Sympathetic.
Passage 5
(2013天津,B)
Last night’s meteor(流星) shower left many people in the community dissatisfied and demanding answers.According to Gabe Rothschild,Emerald Valley’s mayor,people gathered in the suburbs of the city,carrying heavy telescopes,expecting to watch the brightly burning meteors passing through the sky.What they found instead was
a sky so brightened by the city’s lights that it darkened the light of the meteors passing overhead.
“My family was so frustrated,”admitted town resident Duane Cosby.“We wanted to make this an unforgettable family outing,but it turned out to be a huge disappointment.”
Astronomers—scientists who study stars and planets—have been complaining about this problem for decades.They say that light pollution prevents them from seeing objects in the sky that they could see quite easily in the past.They call on people and the government to take measures to fight against it.
There is yet a population besides professional and amateur star observers that suffers even more from light pollution.This population consists of
birds,bats,frogs,snakes,etc.For example,outdoor lighting severely affects
migrating(迁徙的)birds.According to the International Dark-Sky Association,“100 million birds a year throughout North America die in crashes with lighted buildings and towers.”
Countless more animal casualties(伤亡)result from the use of artificial lighting.Clearly,people enjoy the benefits of lighting their evenings,but some scientists think it can be harmful for humans,too.They worry that exposure to light while sleeping can increase a person’s chances of getting cancer.
Emerald Valley is only one community that is becoming aware of the negative effects of light pollution.For years,Flagstaff,Arizona,has enforced lighting regulations in its city in order to assist astronomers at the Lowell
Observatory.Similar efforts have been made worldwide,and a movement is underway to remind us to turn off lights when we are not using them,so that other creatures can share the night.
1.It happened last night that .
A.the city’s lights affected the meteor watching B.the meteors flew past before being noticed C.the city light show attracted many people D.the meteor watching ended up a social outing 2.What do the astronomers complain about?( ) A.Meteor showers occur less often than before. B.Their observation equipment is in poor repair. C.Light pollution has remained unsolved for years.
D.Their eyesight is failing due to artificial lighting.
3.What is the author concerned about according to Paragraph 4?( ) A.Birds may take other migration paths.
B.Animals’ living habits may change suddenly.
C.Varieties of animals will become sharply reduced. D.Animals’ survival is threatened by outdoor lighting.
4.Lighting regulations in Flagstaff,Arizona are put into effect to . A.lessen the chance of getting cancer B.create an ideal observation condition C.ensure citizens a good sleep at night D.enable all creatures to live in harmony
5.What message does the author most want to give us?( ) A.Saving wildlife is saving ourselves.
B.Great efforts should be made to save energy.
C.Human activities should be environmentally friendly. D.New equipment should be introduced for space study.
Passage 6
(2013福建,D)
Pride and Prejudice for the Modern Woman
Let us imagine how Pride and Prejudice,Jane Austen’s most famous work,might be updated,200 years on.
Austen’s popularity is rooted in her intelligence.But today she would certainly have had a very different life,as would her characters.Here’s my own suggestion...
It is a truth finally and universally acknowledged that a single woman with brains deserves to have equal opportunities to men,however disadvantaged she may feel by sexism.
“ My dear husband,” said his hopeful wife one day,“ have you heard that the local store,standing empty for so long,is taken over by a bright young businesswoman?”
Her dull and indifferent (漠不关心的) husband replied that he had not. “But it is,it is,” she replied excitedly. Mr Dull-Husband made no reply.
“Don’t you want to know her plans?” she cried with some impatience.
“Well,clearly you think it matters to your silly little head...so I’d better listen.”
“Well,my dear,the rumour (传言) is that she has already set up a string of successful businesses in northern England,though how a woman can know anything about that is beyond me.She will move in herself next month.”
“What is her name?” “Bingley.”
“Is she married or single?”
“What a question! And none of your business.But her coming will be a fine thing for our five boys.”
“How so? How can it possibly affect them? ”
“My dear love: those lazy boys need something to wake them up.There are bound to be jobs going.”
“ Is that her point in settling here? Surely as a woman she has simply taken a fancy to the place.”
“ Nonsense,my love,how little you’ve noticed the world has changed.She’s got a first-rate degree and some sort of business qualification,I’m told.She surely needs one of our boys! Perhaps you might give her a call.”
“ Me? No.Perhaps you can take an interest.You still have your looks,after all.She may even offer you a job.”
“Oh,that’s not likely.These new chances belong to the younger generation.But now you mention it,I think I’ll go along all the same.”
And Mrs Bennet went along.That was 10 years ago.She is now managing director of a FTSE-listed company.
...It would remain the case,of course,that Mrs Bennet would be one of very few women on the company board,that her salary would be lower than her male
colleagues,her bonus of a more “female” dimension and her lifespan (年限) among the city’s business leaders shorter than theirs.Still,she’d no doubt have enjoyed Davos—and might even have hobnobbed (攀谈) with influential figures. 1.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?( ) A.Austen was born 200 years ago.
B.Austen rewrote Pride and Prejudice. C.Austen’s success lies in her wisdom.
D.Austen’s updated work gains popularity.
2.The underlined part in the passage suggests that Mrs Bennet . A.had mixed feelings of admiration and surprise about Bingley B.felt kind of worried and doubtful about Bingley C.was extremely anxious to meet Bingley D.had a great curiosity about Bingley
3.In the eyes of Mrs Bennet,Bingley surely needed one of their boys to . A.get married to B.work for her
C.help her move in D.take over her store
4.What does the writer intend to tell us?( )
A.Women with brains can also be as successful as men. B.Women have to pay a high price for success. C.A judgment must be made free from prejudice. D.Sex discrimination still exists nowadays.
Passage 7
(2012全国Ⅱ,A)
Cold weather can be hard on pets,just like it can be hard on people.Sometimes owners forget that their pets are just as used to the warm shelter (住所) as they are.Some owners will leave their animals outside for a long period of time,thinking that all animals are used to living outdoors.This can put their pets in danger of serious illness.There are things you can do to keep your animal warm and safe.
Keep your pets inside as much as you can when the weather is bad.If you have to take them out,stay outside with them.When you’re cold enough to go inside,they probably are too.If you must leave them outside for a long time,make sure they have a warm,solid shelter against the wind,thick bedding,and plenty of non-frozen water.
If left alone outside,dogs and cats can be very smart in their search for warm shelter.They can dig into snow banks or hide somewhere.Watch them closely when they are left outdoors,and provide them with shelter of good quality.Keep an eye on your pet’s water.Sometimes owners don’t realize that a water bowl has frozen and their pet can’t get anything to drink.Animals that don’t have clean and unfrozen water may drink dirty water outside,which may contain something unhealthy for them. 1.What do we learn about pets from Paragraph 1?( ) A.They are often forgotten by their owners. B.They are used to living outdoors. C.They build their own shelters. D.They like to stay in warm places.
2.Why are pet owners asked to stay with their pets when they are out in cold weather?( )
A.To know when to bring them inside. B.To keep them from eating bad food. C.To help them find shelters. D.To keep them company.
3.If pets are left on their own outdoors in cold weather,they may . A.run short of clean water B.dig deep holes for fun C.dirty the snow nearby D.get lost in the wild 4.What is the purpose of this text?( ) A.To solve a problem. B.To give practical advice.
C.To tell an interesting story. D.To present a research result.
Passage 8
(2012浙江,A)
Easter(复活节)is still a great day for worship,candy in baskets and running around the yard finding eggs,but every year it gets quite a bit worse for bunnies.
And no,not because the kids like to pull their ears.The culprit is climate change,and some researchers found that rising temperatures are having harmful effects on at least five species of rabbit in the US.
Take the Lower Keys Marsh rabbit,for instance.An endangered species that lives in the Lower Florida Keys,this species of cottontail is a great swimmer—it lives on the islands! —but it is already severely affected by development and now by rising sea levels.According to the Center for Biological Diversity,an ocean level rise of only 0.6 meters will send these guys jumping to higher ground and a 0.9-meter rise would wipe out their habitat(栖息地)completely.
The snowshoe hare,on the other hand,has a color issue.Most of these rabbits change their fur color from white in the wintertime to brown in the summer,each designed to give them better cover from predators(捕食者).As the number of days with snow decreases all across the country,however,more and more bunnies are being left in white fur during brown dirt days of both fall and spring,making them an easier mark for predators.Researchers know that the color change is controlled by the number of hours of sunlight,but whether the rabbit will be able to adapt quick enough to survive is a big question.The National Wildlife Federation has reported that hunters have noticed their numbers are already markedly down.
American pikas or rock rabbits,a relative of rabbits and hares,might be the first of these species to go extinct due to climate change.About 7-8 inches long,pikas live high in the cool,damp mountains west of the Rocky Mountains.As global temperatures rise,they would naturally migrate(迁徙)to higher ground—but they already occupy the mountaintops.They can’t go any higher.The National Wildlife Federation reports that they might not be able to stand the new temperatures as their habitat heats up.
The volcano rabbit has the same problem.These rabbits live on the slopes of volcanoes in Mexico,and recent studies have shown that the lower range of their habitat has already shifted upward about 700 meters,but there are not suitable plants for them to move higher,so they are stuck in the middle.Scientists are concerned about their populations.
Native to the US,pygmy rabbits weigh less than 1 pound and live in the American West.They are believed to be the smallest rabbits in the world.Their habitats have been destroyed by development.Several populations,such as the Columbia Basin pygmy,almost went extinct and were saved by zoo breeding programs.Pygmy rabbits also rely on winter cover by digging tunnels through the snow to escape predators,but lesser snowfall is leaving them exposed.
All of this gives new meaning to dressing up in a giant bunny costume this Easter. 1.The writer mentions Easter at the beginning of the passage in order to . A.show the importance of Easter Day B.introduce the issue about bunnies C.remind people of Easter traditions
D.discuss the relationship between Easter and bunnies
2.The word “culprit”( Paragraph 2)is closest in meaning to . A.criminal B.judge C.victim D.producer
3.According to the passage,some rabbits can now be easily discovered by predators because they .
A.are exposed to more skillful hunters B.have moved to habitats with fewer plants
C.haven’t adapted themselves to climate change
D.can’t change their fur color into white in the fall and the spring 4.The problem faced by volcano rabbits and rock rabbits is that . A.both are affected by less snow
B.both are affected by rising sea levels C.neither can find enough food
D.neither can migrate to higher places
5.Which best describes the writer’s tone in the passage?( ) A.Approving. B.Concerned. C.Enthusiastic. D.Doubtful.
Passage 9
(2011浙江,A)
One evening in February 2007,a student named Paula Ceely brought her car to a stop on a remote road in Wales.She got out to open a metal gate that blocked her path.That’s when she heard the whistle sounded by the driver of a train.Her Renault Clio was parked across a railway line.Seconds later,she watched the train drag her car almost a kilometre down the railway tracks.
Ceely’s near miss made the news because she blamed it on her GPS device(导航仪).She had never driven the route before.It was dark and raining heavily.Ceely was relying on her GPS,but it made no mention of the crossing.“I put my complete trust in the device and it led me right into the path of a speeding train,”she told the BBC.
Who is to blame here?Rick Stevenson,who tells Ceely’s story in his book When Machines Fail Us,points the finger at the limitations of technology.We put our faith in digital devices,he says,but our digital helpers are too often not up to the job.They are filled with small problems.And it’s not just GPS devices:Stevenson takes us on a tour of digital disasters involving everything from mobile phones to wireless keyboards.
The problem with his argument in the book is that it’s not clear why he only focuses on digital technology,while there may be a number of other possible causes.A map-maker might have left the crossing off a paper map.Maybe we should blame Ceely for not paying attention.Perhaps the railway authorities are at fault for poor signalling system.Or maybe someone has studied the relative dangers and worked out that there really is something specific wrong with the GPS equipment.But Stevenson doesn’t say.
It’s a problem that runs through the book.In a section on cars,Stevenson gives an account of the advanced techniques that criminals use to defeat computer-based locking systems for cars.He offers two independent sets of figures on car theft;both show a small rise in some parts of the country.He says that once again not all new locks have proved reliable.Perhaps,but maybe it’s also due to the shortage of policemen on the streets.Or changing social circumstances.Or some combination of these factors.
The game between humans and their smart devices is amusing and complex.It is shaped by economics and psychology and the cultures we live in.Somewhere in the mix of those forces there may be a way for a wiser use of technology.
If there is such a way,it should involve more than just an awareness of the shortcomings of our machines.After all,we have lived with them for thousands of years.They have probably been fooling us for just as long.
1.What did Paula Ceely think was the cause of her accident?( ) A.She was not familiar with the road. B.It was dark and raining heavily then.
C.The railway workers failed to give the signal.
D.Her GPS device didn’t tell her about the crossing.
2.The phrase “near miss”(Paragraph 2)can best be replaced by . A.close hit B.heavy loss
C.narrow escape D.big mistake
3.Which of the following would Rick Stevenson most probably agree with?( ) A.Modern technology is what we can’t live without.
B.Digital technology often falls short of our expectation. C.Digital devices are more reliable than they used to be. D.GPS error is not the only cause for Ceely’s accident.
4.In the writer’s opinion,Stevenson’s argument is . A.one-sided B.reasonable C.puzzling D.well-based
5.What is the real concern of the writer of this article?( ) A.The major causes of traffic accidents and car thefts. B.The relationship between humans and technology. C.The shortcomings of digital devices we use. D.The human unawareness of technical problems.
Passage 10
(2011新课标全国,B)
While small may be beautiful,tall is just plain uncomfortable it
seems,particularly when it comes to staying in hotels and eating in restaurants.
The Tall Persons Club Great Britain(TPCGB),which was formed six months ago to campaign for the needs of the tall,has turned its attention to hotels and
restaurants.Beds that are too small,shower heads that are too low,and restaurant tables with hardly any leg-room all make life difficult for those of above average height,it says.
But it is not just the extra-tall whose needs are not being met.The average height of the population has been increasing yet the standard size of beds,doorways,and chairs has remained unchanged.
“The bedding industry says a bed should be six inches larger than the person using it,so even a king-size bed at 6'6″(6 feet and 6 inches)is falling short for 25% of men,while the standard 6'3″ bed caters for less than half of the male population,”said TPCGB president Phil Heinricy,“Seven-foot beds would work fine.”
Similarly,restaurant tables can cause no end of problems.Small tables,which mean the long-legged have to sit a foot or so away from them,are enough to make tall customers go elsewhere.
Some have already taken note,however.At Queens Moat Houses’ Caledonian Hotel in Edinburgh,6'6″ beds are now put in as standard after requests for longer beds from taller visitors,particularly Americans.
1.What is the purpose of the TPCGB campaign?( ) A.To provide better services.
B.To rebuild hotels and restaurants.
C.To draw public attention to the needs of the tall. D.To attract more people to become its members.
2.Which of the following might be a bed of proper length according to Phil Heinricy?( )
A.7'2″. B.7'. C.6'6″. D.6'3″.
3.What may happen to restaurants with small tables?( ) A.They may lose some customers.
B.They may start businesses elsewhere.
C.They have to find easy chairs to match the tables. D.They have to provide enough space for the long-legged.
4.What change has already been made in a hotel in Edinburgh?( ) A.Tall people pay more for larger beds.
B.6'6″ beds have taken the place of 6'3″ beds. C.Special rooms are kept for Americans. D.Guest rooms are standardized.
Passage 11
(2011重庆,E)
Skeptics are a strange lot.Some of them refuse to admit the serious threat of human activities to the environment,and they are tired of people who disagree with them.Those people,say skeptics,spread nothing but bad news about the
environment.The “eco-guilt” brought on by the discouraging news about our planet gives rise to the popularity of skeptics as people search for more comforting worldviews.
Perhaps that explains why a new book by Bjorn Lomborg received so much
publicity.That book,The Skeptical Environmentalist,declares that it measures the “real state of the world” as fine.Of course,another explanation is the deep pockets of some big businesses with special interests.Indeed,Mr.Lomborg’s views are similar to those of some industry-funded organizations,which start huge activities through the media to confuse the public about issues like global warming.
So it was strange to see Mr.Lomborg’s book go largely unchallenged in the media though his beliefs were contrary to most scientific opinions.One national newspaper in Canada ran a number of articles and reviews full of words of praise,even with the conclusion that “After Lomborg,the environmental movement will begin to die down.”
Such one-sided views should have immediately been challenged.But only a different review appeared in Nature,a respected science magazine with specific readership.The review remarked that Mr.Lomborg’s “preference for unexamined materials is incredible (不可信的)”.
A critical (批判的) eye is valuable,and the media should present information in such a way that could allow people to make informed decisions.Unfortunately,that is often inaccessible as blocked by the desire to be shocking or to defend some special interests.People might become half-blind before a world partially exhibited by the media.That’s a shame,because matters concerning the health of the planet are far too important to be treated lightly.
1.According to the passage,which of the following may be regarded as “skeptics”?( )
A.People who agree on the popularity of “eco-guilt”.
B.People who disbelieve the serious situation of our planet. C.People who dislike the harmful effect of human activities. D.People who spread comforting news to protect our environment. 2.Which of the following can be a reason for the popularity of Lomborg’s book?( ) A.Some big businesses intend to protect their own interests. B.The book challenges views about the fine state of the world. C.The author convinces people to seek comforting worldviews.
D.Industry-funded media present confusing information.
3.The author mentioned the review in Nature in order to . A.voice a different opinion
B.find fault with Lomborg’s book
C.challenge the authority of the media D.point out the value of scientific views
4.What is the author’s main purpose in writing the passage?( ) A.To encourage the skeptics to have a critical eye.
B.To warn the public of the danger of half-blindness with reviews.
C.To blame the media’s lack of responsibility in presenting information. D.To show the importance of presenting overall information by the media.
Passage 12
(2011浙江,C)
In the more and more competitive service industry,it is no longer enough to promise customer satisfaction.Today,customer “delight”is what companies are trying to achieve in order to keep and increase market share.
It is accepted in the marketing industry,and confirmed by a number of
researchers,that customers receiving good service will promote business by telling up to 12 other people;those treated badly will tell their tales of woe to up to 20 people.Interestingly,80 percent of people who feel their complaints are handled fairly will stay loyal.
New challenges for customer care have come when people can obtain goods and services through telephone call centers and the Internet.For example,many companies now have to invest(投资)a lot of money in information technology and staff training in order to cope with the “phone rage”—caused by delays in answering calls,being cut off in mid-conversation or left waiting for long periods.
“Many people do not like talking to machines,”says Dr.Storey,Senior Lecturer in Marketing at City University Business School.“Banks,for example,encourage staff at call centers to use customer data to establish instant and good relationship with them.The aim is to make the customer feel they know you and that you can trust them—the sort of comfortable feelings people have during face-to-face chats with their local branch manager.”
Recommended ways of creating customer delight include:under-promising and over-delivering(saying that a repair will be carried out within five hours,but getting it done within two);replacing a faulty product immediately;throwing in a gift voucher(购物礼券)as an unexpected“thank you”to regular customers;and always returning calls,even when they are complaints.
Aiming for customer delight is all very well,but if services do not reach the high level promised,disappointment or worse will be the result.This can be eased by offering an apology and an explanation of why the service did not meet usual standards with empathy(for example,“I know how you must feel”),and possible solutions(replacement,compensation or whatever fairness suggests best meets the case).
Airlines face some of the toughest challenges over customer care.Fierce competition has convinced them that delighting passengers is an important marketing tool,while there is great potential for customer anger over delays caused by weather,unclaimed luggage and technical problems.
For British Airways staff,a winning telephone style is considered vital in handling the large volume of calls about bookings and flight times.They are trained to answer quickly,with their name,job title and a “we are here to help”attitude.The
company has invested heavily in information technology to make sure that information is available instantly on screen.
British Airways also says its customer care policies are applied within the company and staff are taught to regard each other as customers requiring the highest standards of service.
Customer care is obviously here to stay and it would be a foolish company that used slogans such as “we do as we please”.On the other hand,the more customers are promised,the greater the risk of disappointment. 1.We can learn from Paragraph 2 that . A.complaining customers are hard to satisfy B.unsatisfied customers receive better service C.satisfied customers catch more attention D.well-treated customers promote business
2.The writer mentions “phone rage”(Paragraph 3)to show that . A.customers often use phones to express their anger B.people still prefer to buy goods online C.customer care becomes more demanding
D.customers rely on their phones to obtain services
3.What does the writer recommend to create customer delight?( ) A.Calling customers regularly. B.Giving a “thank you ”note.. C.Delivering a quicker service. D.Promising more gifts.
4.If a manager should show his empathy(Paragraph 6),what would he probably say?( )
A.“I know how upset you must be.” B.“I appreciate your understanding.” C.“I’m sorry for the delay.” D.“I know it’s our fault.”
5.Customer delight is important for airlines because . A.their telephone style remains unchanged
B.they are more likely to meet with complaints C.the services cost them a lot of money
D.the policies can be applied to their staff
6.Which of the following is conveyed in this article?( )
A.Face-to-face service creates comfortable feelings among customers. B.Companies that promise more will naturally attract more customers. C.A company should promise less but do more in a competitive market. D.Customer delight is more important for airlines than for banks.
Passage 13
(2011陕西,D)
Ever since they were first put on the market in the early 1990s,genetically modified (GM,转基因) foods have been increasingly developed and marketed in many countries in the world,mainly on the basis of their promise to end the worldwide food crisis.But can GM technology solve world hunger problems?Even if it would,is it the best solution?
Despite what it promises,GM technology actually has not increased the production potential (潜力) of any crop.In fact,studies show that the most widely grown GM crop,GM soybeans,has suffered reduced productivity.For instance,a report that
analysed nearly two decades of research on major GM food crops shows that GM engineering has failed to significantly increase US crop production.
Something else,however,has been on the rise.While GM seeds are expensive,GM companies tell farmers that they will make good profits by saving money on pesticides (杀虫剂).On the contrary,US government data show that GM crops in the US have produced an overall increase in pesticide use compared to traditional crops.“The promise was that you could use less chemicals and boost production.But neither is true,” said Bill Christison,President of the US National Family Farm Coalition.
At the same time,the authors of the book World Hunger:Twelve Myths argue that there actually is more than enough food in the world and that the hunger crisis is not caused by production,but by problems in food distribution and politics.These indeed deserve our efforts and money.Meanwhile,the rise in food prices results from the increased use of crops for fuel rather than food,according to a 2008 World Bank report.
As a matter of fact,scientists see better ways to feed the world.Another World Bank report concluded that GM crops have little to offer to the challenges of worldwide poverty and hunger,because better ways out are available,among which “green” farming is supposed to be the first choice.
1.The author develops the second paragraph mainly . A.by classification B.by comparison C.by example D.by process 2.What does the underlined word “boost” in the third paragraph probably mean?( ) A.Control. B.Evaluate. C.Obtain. D.Increase.
3.GM companies promise farmers that they will benefit from . A.practising “green” farming B.use of less chemicals
C.fair distribution of their crops D.using more crops for fuel
4.Which of the following best describes the attitude of the author towards GM technology?( )
A.Optimistic. B.Defensive. C.Disapproving. D.Casual.
Passage 14
(2010北京,D)
The Cost of Higher Education
Individuals (个人) should pay for their higher education. A university education is of huge and direct benefit to the individual.Graduates earn more than non-graduates.Meanwhile,social mobility is ever more dependent on having a degree.However,only some people have it.So the individual,not the
taxpayers,should pay for it.There are pressing calls on the resources (资源) of the government.Using taxpayers’ money to help a small number of people to earn high incomes in the future is not one of them.
Full government funding (资助) is not very good for universities.Adam Smith worked in a Scottish university whose teachers lived off student fees.He knew and looked down upon 18th-century Oxford,where the academics lived comfortably off the income received from the government.Guaranteed salaries,Smith argued,were the enemy of hard work,and when the academics were lazy and incompetent,the students were similarly lazy.
If students have to pay for their education,they not only work harder,but also demand more from their teachers.And their teachers have to keep them satisfied.If that means taking teaching seriously,and giving less time to their own research interests,that is surely something to celebrate.
Many people believe that higher education should be free because it is good for the economy (经济).Many graduates clearly do contribute to national wealth,but so do all the businesses that invest (投资) and create jobs.If you believe that the government should pay for higher education because graduates are economically productive,you should also believe that the government should pay part of business costs.Anyone promising to create jobs should receive a gift of capital from the government to invest.
Therefore,it is the individual,not the government,who should pay for their university education.
1.The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 refers to . A.taxpayers B.pressing calls
C.college graduates D.government resources
2.The author thinks that with full government funding . A.teachers are less satisfied B.students are more demanding
C.students will become more competent
D.teachers will spend less time on teaching
3.The author mentions businesses in Paragraph 5 in order to . A.argue against free university education B.call on them to finance students’ studies C.encourage graduates to go into business D.show their contribution to higher education
Passage 15
(2009江西,D)
Many people write to newspapers and magazines to express their opinions.Letters to the editor must carry the writer’s full name,address and telephone
number,although the information is not necessary for publication.This requirement to provide personal particulars is a clear indication that writers are held
responsible for what they say.When a writer wants his voice heard,he needs to claim ownership of his voice.Responsibility is the name of the game.
“People today prefer living together to putting their signatures on a marriage certificate because they refuse to accept responsibility for the relationship,” said social worker Ken Yip,“and this is what is causing a lot of family problems.” When we sign a paper,for example,a business contract or a bank document,the signature is a seal of consent,an agreement to take the matter seriously.Most governments and many organizations will not process written complaints if they do not bear the writer’s signature.The absence of a signature,they explain,tells us that the writer cannot be too serious and therefore does not deserve a reply.
There are people who wish to remain anonymous(匿名的)for various
reasons.Multi-billionaire Mr.King donates generously to charity several times a year.He gives simply because he wants to help but not for the publicity his donations may bring,and he does not want his good deeds to make news.In other cases,people insist on anonymity because they are afraid of the consequences of revealing their identity.Crime witnesses may be willing to assist the police,but most are unwilling to give their names when reporting a crime.
Name or no name? The answer is very personal and lies in how much we want to get involved.We all have a name.It is a matter of responsibility to use it when we make a statement,a claim or an accusation.We all want to honour our own name,and it is only by stamping our expression of an opinion with our own name that we honour what we say. 1.What does the writer mean by saying“Responsibility is the name of the game”?( ) A.Writers need to provide their personal information in the game.
B.Publications must bear the writer’s full name,address and phone number. C.Writers should be responsible for their names.
D.Names are required to indicate writers’ responsibility for what they say. 2.The second paragraph suggests that a paper without a signature may . A.help to end a relationship B.not get a reply
C.be accepted all the same D.become a family problem
3.Some people don’t want their names known because they are . A.hesitant to make a donation
B.unwilling to draw public attention C.afraid of an accusation D.ready for involvement
4.The passage is mainly about .
A.honour and writers B.identity and signature
C.signature and responsibility D.anonymity and signature
Passage 16
(2009重庆,E)
A recent study,while showing a generally positive attitude toward science,also suggests a widespread worry that it may be “running out of control”.This idea is dangerous.
Science can be a force for evil as well as for good.Its applications can be channeled either way,depending on our decisions.The decisions we make,personally or collectively,will determine the outcomes of science.But here is a real danger.Science is advancing so fast and is so strongly influenced by businesses that we are likely to believe whatever decisions we come to will make little difference.And,rather than fighting for the best possible policies,we may step back and do nothing.
Some people go even further.They say that despite the moral and legal objections (反对), whatever is scientifically possible will be done—somewhere,sometime.They believe that science will get out of control in the end.This belief is dangerous too,because it fuels a sense of hopelessness and discourages them from making efforts to build a safer world.
In our interconnected world,the lack of agreement in and out of the world of science can lead to the failure to control the use of science.Without a common understanding,the challenges of “controlling” science in this century will be really tough.Take human cloning for example.Despite the general agreement among scientists on its possible huge impact (影响) on traditional moral values,some countries still go ahead with the research and development of its related techniques.The outcomes are hard to predict.
Therefore,discussions on how science is applied should be extended far beyond scientific societies.Only through the united efforts of people with hope,can we be
fully safe against the misuse of science and can science best serve mankind in the future.
1.What can we conclude from the recent study?( ) A.People think highly of science.
B.People hold mixed opinions about science.
C.Science is getting dangerously out of control. D.Science is used for both good and bad purposes. 2.According to the passage,what will happen if we hold that science is getting beyond control?( )
A.The development of science will hopelessly slow down. B.Businesses will have even greater influence on science.
C.The public will lose faith in bringing about a bright future. D.People will work more actively to put science under control.
3.The discussion should reach beyond scientific societies because . A.scientists have failed to predict the outcomes
B.the ties between different areas need strengthening
C.united efforts are necessary for the development of science D.people need to work together to prevent the bad use of science 4.What is the main idea of the passage?( )
A.Science and its applications bring us many dangers.
B.The development of science mostly lies in people’s attitudes. C.Mankind can largely take control of science with their efforts. D.The future of science will be influenced by the dangerous ideas. 五、广告说明
Passage 1
(2013新课标全国Ⅰ,D)
The National Gallery
Description:
The National Gallery is the British national art museum built on the north side of Trafalgar Square in London.It houses a diverse collection of more than 2,300 examples of European art ranging from 13th-century religious paintings to more modern ones by Renoir and Van Gogh.The older collections of the gallery are reached through the main entrance while the more modern works in the East Wing are most easily reached from Trafalgar Square by a ground floor entrance. Layout:
The modern Sainsbury Wing on the western side of the building houses 13th-to 15th-century paintings,and artists include Duccio,Uccello,Van Eyck,Lippi,Mantegna,Botticelli and Memling.
The main West Wing houses 16th-century paintings,and artists include Leonardo da Vinci,Cranach,Michelangelo,Raphael,Bruegel,Bronzino,Titian and Veronese.
The North Wing houses 17th-century paintings,and artists include Caravaggio,Rubens,Poussin,Van Dyck,Velazquez,Claude and Vermeer.
The East Wing houses 18th-to early 20th-century paintings,and artists include Canaletto,Goya,Turner,Constable,Renoir and Van Gogh Opening Hours:
The Gallery is open every day from 10am to 6pm(Fridays 10am to 9pm)and is free,but charges apply to some special exhibitions. Getting There:
Nearest underground stations: Charing Cross(2-minute walk),Leicester
Square(3-minute walk),Embankment(7-minute walk),and Piccadilly Circus(8-minute walk).
1.In which century’s collection can you see religious paintings?( ) A.The 13th B.The 17th C.The 18th D.The 20th
2.Where are Leonardo da Vinci’s works shown?( ) A.In the East Wing. B.In the main West Wing. C.In the Sainsbury Wing. D.In the North Wing.
3.Which underground station is closest to the National Gallery?( ) A.Embankment. B.Leicester Square.
C.Piccadilly Circus. D.Charing Cross.
Passage 2
(2013新课标全国Ⅱ,C)
Given that many people’s moods(情绪)are regulated by the chemical action of chocolate,it was probably only a matter of time before somebody made the chocolate shop similar to a drugstore of Chinese medicine.Looking like a setting from the film Charlie&the Chocolate Factory,Singapore’s Chocolate Research Facility (CRF) has over 100 varieties of chocolates.Its founder is Chris Lee who grew up at his parents’ corner store with one hand almost always in the jar of sweets.
If the CRF seems to be a smart idea,that’s because Lee is not merely a seasoned salesperson but also head of a marketing department that has business relations with big names such as Levi’s and Sony.That idea surely results in the imagination at work when it comes to making different flavored(味道)chocolates.
The CRF’s produce is “green”,made within the country and divided into 10 lines,with the Alcohol Series being the most popular.The Exotic Series—with Sichuan pepper,red bean(豆),cheese and other flavors—also does well and is fun to taste.And for chocolate snobs,who think that they have a better knowledge of chocolate than others,the Connoisseur Series uses cocoa beans from Togo,Cuba,Venezuela ,and Ghana,among others.
1.What is good about chocolate?( ) A.It serves as a suitable gift.
B.It works as an effective medicine. C.It helps improve the state of mind. D.It strengthens business relations.
2.Why is Chris Lee able to develop his idea of the CRF?( ) A.He knows the importance of research. B.He learns from shops of similar types. C.He has the support of many big names. D.He has a lot of marketing experience.
3.Which line of the CRF produce sells best?( ) A.The Connoisseur Series. B.The Exotic Series. C.The Alcohol Series. D.The Sichuan Series. 4.The words “chocolate snobs” in Paragraph 3 probably refer to people who . A.are particular about chocolate B.know little about cocoa beans
C.look down upon others D.like to try new flavors
Passage 3
(2013重庆,B) One of the greatest gifts one generation can give to other generations is the wisdom it has gained from experience.This idea has inspired the award-winning photographer Andrew Zuckerman.He interviewed and took photos of fifty over-sixty-five-year-olds all over the world.His project explores various aspects of their lives.The photos and interviews are now available on our website. Click on the introductions to read the complete interviews. Let us now have a culture of peace. —Federico Mayor Zaragoza,Spain Federico Mayor Zaragoza obtained a doctorate in pharmacy(药学)from the Complutense University of Madrid in 1958.After many years spent in politics,he became Director-General of UNESCO in 1987.In 1999,he created the Foundation for a Culture of Peace,of which he is now the president.In addition to many scientific publications,he has published four collections of poems and several books of essays. Writing is a discovery. —Nadine Gordimer,South Africa Due to a weak heart,Nadine Gordimer attended school and university briefly.She read widely and began writing at an early age.She published her first short story at the age of fifteen,and has completed a large number of works,which have been translated into forty languages.In 1991,Gordimer won the Nobel Prize for Literature. Jazz is about the only form of art today. —Dave Brubeck,USA Dave Brubeck studied music at the University of the Pacific and graduated in 1942.After World War Two he was encouraged to play jazz.In 1951,he recorded his first album(专辑).Brubeck’s 1959 album has become a jazz standard.He received a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 1996.
1.Why did Andrew Zuckerman choose the fifty elders for his project?( ) A.Because their wisdom deserves to be passed on. B.Because they are physically impressive. C.Because their accomplishments inspired him. D.Because they have similar experiences.
2.According to the web page,Federico Mayor Zaragoza . A.has won many awards for his work in politics B.has served as the president of a university
C.has devoted all his life to the field of science D.has made achievements in different areas
3.Who most probably said“My education has been the library and books” in the interview when reflecting on his/her experience?( ) A.Andrew Zuckerman.
B.Federico Mayor Zaragoza. C.Nadine Gordimer. D.Dave Brubeck.
4.What is the main purpose of this web page?( ) A.To show Zuckerman’s awards.
B.To publicize Zuckerman’s project.
C.To spread the wisdom of the three people.
D.To celebrate the achievements of the three people.
Passage 4
(2013江西,C)
Many people think that listening is a passive business.It is just the
opposite.Listening well is an active exercise of our attention and hard work.It is because they do not realize this,or because they are not willing to do the work,that most people do not listen well.
Listening well also requires total concentration upon someone else.An essential part of listening well is the rule known as bracketing.Bracketing includes the temporary giving up or setting aside of your own prejudices and desires,to experience as far as possible someone else’s world from the inside,stepping into his or her shoes.Moreover,since listening well involves bracketing,it also involves a
temporary acceptance of the other person.Sensing this acceptance,the speaker will seem quite willing to open up the inner part of his or her mind to the listener.True communication is under way.The energy required for listening well is so great that it can be accomplished only by the will to extend oneself for mutual growth.
Most of the time we lack this energy.Even though we may feel in our business dealings or social relationships that we are listening well,what we are usually doing is listening selectively.Often we have a prepared list in mind and wonder,as we listen,how we can achieve certain desired results to get the conversation over as quickly as possible or redirected in ways more satisfactory to us.Many of us are far more interested in talking than in listening,or we simply refuse to listen to what we don’t want to hear.
It wasn’t until toward the end of my doctor career that I have found the knowledge that one is being truly listened to is frequently therapeutic(有疗效的).In about a quarter of the patients I saw,surprising improvement was shown during the first
few months of the psychotherapy(心理疗法),before any of the roots of problems had been uncovered or explained.There are several reasons for this phenomenon,but chief among them,I believe,was the patient’s sense that he or she was being truly listened to,often for the first time in years,and for some,perhaps for the first time ever. 1.The phrase “stepping into his or her shoes” in Paragraph 2 probably means .
A.preparing a topic list first B.focusing on one’s own mind
C.directing the talk to the desired results D.experiencing the speaker’s inside world
2.What is mainly discussed in Paragraph 2?( ) A.How to listen well. B.What to listen to.
C.Benefits of listening. D.Problems in listening.
3.According to the author,in communication people tend to . A.listen actively B.listen purposefully
C.set aside their prejudices D.open up their inner mind
4.According to the author,the patients improved mainly because . A.they were taken good care of
B.they knew they were truly listened to C.they had partners to talk to D.they knew the roots of problems
5.What type of writing is the article likely to be ?( ) A.Science fiction. B.A news report. C.A medical report. D.Popular science.
Passage 5
(2013湖北,E)
A German study suggests that people who were too optimistic about their future actually faced greater risk of disability or death within 10 years than those pessimists who expected their future to be worse.
The paper,published this March in Psychology and Aging,examined health and welfare surveys from roughly 40,000 Germans between ages 18 and 96.The surveys were conducted every year from 1993 to 2003.
Survey respondents (受访者) were asked to estimate their present and future life satisfaction on a scale of 0 to 10,among other questions.
The researchers found that young adults (age 18 to 39) routinely overestimated their future life satisfaction,while middle-aged adults (age 40 to ) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future.Adults of 65 and older,however,were far more likely to underestimate their future life
satisfaction.Not only did they feel more satisfied than they thought they would,the older pessimists seemed to suffer a lower ratio (比率) of disability and death for the study period.
“We observed that being too optimistic in predicting a better future than actually observed was associated with a greater risk of disability and a greater risk of death within the following decade,” wrote Frieder R.Lang,a professor at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg.
Lang and his colleagues believed that people who were pessimistic about their future may be more careful about their actions than people who expected a rosy future.
“Seeing a dark future may encourage positive evaluations of the actual self and may contribute to taking improved precautions (预防措施),” the authors wrote.
Surprisingly,compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes,respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline.Also,the researchers said that higher income was related to a greater risk of disability.
The authors of the study noted that there were limitations to their
conclusions.Illness,medical treatment and personal loss could also have driven health outcomes.
However,the researchers said a pattern was clear.“We found that from early to late adulthood,individuals adapt their expectations of future life satisfaction from optimistic to accurate,to pessimistic,”the authors concluded.
1.According to the study,who made the most accurate prediction of their future life satisfaction?( ) A.Optimistic adults. B.Middle-aged adults. C.Adults in poor health. D.Adults of lower income.
2.Pessimism may be positive in some way because it causes people . A.to fully enjoy their present life
B.to estimate their contribution accurately C.to take measures against potential risks D.to value health more highly than wealth
3.How do people of higher income see their future?( ) A.They will earn less money. B.They will become pessimistic. C.They will suffer mental illness.
D.They will have less time to enjoy life.
4.What is the clear conclusion of the study?( ) A.Pessimism guarantees chances of survival.
B.Good financial condition leads to good health. C.Medical treatment determines health outcomes.
D.Expectations of future life satisfaction decline with age.
Passage 6
(2013北京,A)
EP Portable Heater
We all know that the cost of heating our homes will continue to be a significant burden on the family budget.Now millions of people are saving on their heating bills with the EP portable heater.With over one million satisfied customers around the world,the new EP heats better and faster,saves more on heating bills,and runs almost silent.
The EP has no exposed heating parts that can cause a fire.The outside of the EP only gets warm to the touch so that it will not burn children or pets.
The EP will not reduce oxygen in the room.With other heaters,you’ll notice that you get sleepy when the heat comes on because they are burning up oxygen.
The advanced EP also heats the room evenly,wall to wall and floor to ceiling.It comfortably covers an area up to 350 square feet.Other heaters heat rooms unevenly with most of the heat concentrated to the center of the room.And they only heat an area a few feet around the heater.With the EP,the temperature will not vary in any part of the room.
The EP comes with a 3-year warranty(保修) and a 60-day,no questions
asked,satisfaction guarantee.If you are not totally satisfied,return it at our expense and your money will be given back to you.
Now we have a special offer for 10 days,during which you can enjoy a half price discount and a free delivery.If you order after that,we reserve the right to either accept or reject order requests at the discounted price.
Take action right now!
1.What is mainly discussed in Paragraph 2?( ) A.The heat of the EP. B.The safety of the EP. C.The appearance of the EP. D.The material of the EP.
2.From the passage,we can learn that the EP . A.doesn’t burn up oxygen B.runs without any noise C.makes people get sleepy
D.is unsuitable for children and pets
3.The underlined word “evenly” in paragraph 4 probably means . A.continuously B.separately C.quickly D.equally 4.The main purpose of the passage is to . A.persuade people to buy the product B.advise people to save on heating bills
C.report the new development of portable heaters D.compare the functions of different heater brands
Passage 7
(2012新课标全国,A)
Are you looking for some new and exciting places to take your kids to?Try some of these places:
●Visit art museums.They offer a variety of activities to excite your kids’ interest.Many offer workshops for making hand-made pieces,traveling exhibits,book signings (签名) by children’s favorite writers,and even musical performances and other arts.
●Head to a natural history museum.This is where kids can discover the past from dinosaur models to rock collections and pictures of stars in the sky.Also,ask what kind of workshops and educational programs are prepared for kids and any special events that are coming up.
●Go to a Youtheater.Look for one in your area offering plays for child and family visitors.Pre-show play shops are conducted by area artists and educators where kids can discover the secret about performing arts.Puppet (木偶) making and stage make-up are just a couple of the special offerings you might find.
●Try hands-on science.Visit one of the many hands-on science museums around the country.These science play-lands are great fun for kids and grown-ups alike.They’ll keep your child mentally and physically active the whole day through while pushing
buttons,experimenting,and building.When everyone is tired,enjoy a fun family science show,commonly found in these museums.
1.If a child is interested in the universe,he probably will visit . A.a Youtheater B.an art museum
C.a natural history museum D.a hands-on science museum
2.What can kids do at a Youtheater?( )
A.Look at rock collections. B.See dinosaur models. C.Watch puppet making. D.Give performances.
3.What does “hands-on science” mean in the last paragraph?( ) A.Science games designed by kids. B.Learning science by doing things. C.A show of kids’ science work. D.Reading science books.
4.Where does this text probably come from?( ) A.A science textbook. B.A tourist map. C.A museum guide. D.A news report.
Passage 8
(2012四川,B)
Here is your best chance to travel around the UK in 2012:More than 200 B&Bs (bed & breakfast) across England,Scotland,Wales and Northern Ireland are selected to offer you amazing services for your stay at their lowest prices!Don’t miss it.Just collect the vouchers (活动券) in our B&B Daily printed from 01/04/2012 to 07/04/2012 and book the stays for your travel following the terms and conditions below: ●The offer includes a room for the night and a breakfast the next morning. ●The offer is of two kinds:￡20 per room,per night,valid (有效的) during stay period of 02/04/2012—31/05/2012 and then again 01/09/2012—31/10/2012;￡35 per room,per night,valid during stay period of 01/06/2012—31/08/2012. ●The offer is valid for a basic twin or double room only.
●The stay must be booked directly with the chosen B&Bs before 28/04/2012. ●Each voucher can only be used by the holder to book one room for one night. ●If voucher holders book either the ￡20 or ￡35 per room per night,any additional services such as lunch,evening meal or activities may require an extra charge.But these are not required in order to take up the offer.Please check directly with your chosen B&Bs to see what extra services are available.
●Vouchers must be presented on arrival.If no vouchers are presented,the B&Bs may reserve (保留) the right to charge at full price for every night of stay. ●Vouchers may not be used together with any other offer. ●The voucher holders must pay for the stay in full at the time of booking.Additional ￡10 may be paid to confirm (确认) the booking and will be returned on arrival. ●The B&Bs reserve the right to refuse voucher holders’ bookings for people under the age of 18.
1.The voucher can be used for a stay at the chosen B&B on . A.09/01/2012 B.04/02/2012 C.01/03/2012 D.28/04/2012
2.How much should be paid for a two-night stay in October 2012 at a chosen B&B?( ) A.￡70. B.￡40. C.￡35. D.￡30.
3.What right do the B&Bs reserve?( )
A.To charge extra ￡10 for bookings with no vouchers. B.To refuse bookings for guests under the age of 18. C.To charge at full price for stays not confirmed. D.To request extra charges as tips.
4.By taking up the offer,the voucher holders can choose to . A.book either a basic twin or double room at the chosen B&Bs B.have lunch or evening meal without paying extra money C.use the B&B offer together with other offers D.book the stays through B&B Daily
Passage 9
(2012浙江,B)
Below is a selection about some Guinness (吉尼斯) World Records.
Top 6 Unusual Guinness World Records
◆Fastest 100 m running on all fours
The 2008 Guinness World Records Day was,according to GWR,their biggest day of record-breaking ever,with more than 290,000 people taking part in record attempts in 15 different countries.Kenichi Ito’s record attempt was part of this special day.He is just another example of Japanese with “super powers”.His “super power” is to run with great speed on all fours.Kenichi Ito ran 100 m on all fours in 18.58 seconds.The Japanese set this record at Setagaya Kuritsu Sogo Undojyo,Tokyo,in 2008. ◆Most people inside a soap bubble
The Discovery Science Center in Santa Ana,California celebrated this year the 15th anniversary of the Bubble (泡泡) Festival.A bubble’s math principles and science were presented and demonstrated at the three-week-long exhibition.The intriguing Bubble Show was also part of the program.Fan Yang and Deni Yang impressed the audience with their awesome skills for bubble making.The Yang family cooperated with the Discovery Science Center to set a new Guinness World Record for most people inside a soap bubble and they succeeded.
The family that has been working with soap bubbles for 27 years created a huge soap bubble and got 118 people inside it.The record was set on April 4,2011. ◆Longest ears on a dog
A bloodhound from Illinois has the longest ears ever measured on a dog.The right ear is 13.75 inches long and the left one 13.5 inches.The dog named Tigger earned this title in 2004 and is owned by Christina and Bryan Flessner.
Mr.Jeffries is the previous record holder of this title.Each of his ears measured approximately 11.5 inches long.His grandfather used to hold this amazing world record,but when he died Mr.Jeffries took over. ◆Most living generations
Did you ever wonder what is the Guinness World Record for most living generations in one family?Seven is the answer.
The ultimate authority on record-breaking mentions on the website that the youngest great-great-great-great grandparent of this family was Augusta Bung “aged 109 years 97 days,followed by her daughter aged ,her granddaughter aged 70,her great grand-daughter aged 52,her great-great grand-daughter aged 33 and her great-great-great granddaughter aged 15 on the birth of her great-great-great-great grandson on January 21,19”. ◆Most T-shirts worn at once
Believe it or not,there is a record also for this category.Krunoslav Budiseli set a new world record on May 22,2010 for wearing 245 T-shirts at the same time.The man from Croatia was officially recognized as the new record holder by Guinness World
Records after he managed to put on 245 different T-shirts in less than two hours.The T-shirts weighed 68 kg and Budiseli said he began struggling around T-shirt No.120.He dethroned the Swedish Guinness record holder who wore 238 T-shirts. ◆Heaviest pumpkin
Guinness World Records confirmed on October 9,2010 that a gigantic pumpkin (南瓜) grown in Wisconsin was officially the world’s heaviest.It weighed 1,810 pounds 8 ounces and was unveiled by Chris Stevens at the Stillwater Harvest Festival in Minnesota.Stevens’ pumpkin was 85 pounds heavier than the previous record,another huge pumpkin grown in Ohio.The proud farmer said his secret is a precise mixture of rain,cow manure,good soil,sea grass and fish emulsion.Some of the world’s heaviest pumpkins,including the record holder,were on public display at the Bronx Botanical Gardens in New York for a dozen days.
1.Why is Kenichi Ito described as a man with a “super power”?( ) A.He set a good example to all Japanese.
B.He made record attempts in 15 different countries.
C.He set a new record for “Fastest 100 m running on all fours”. D.He participated in the 2008 Guinness World Records Day activities. 2.Jeffries is the name of .
A.the owner of the dog with the longest ears
B.the grandfather of the dog with the longest ears
C.the present holder of the record for “Longest ears on a dog” D.the former holder of the record for “Longest ears on a dog”
3.How many T-shirts had Krunoslav Budiseli put on before he felt it difficult to go on?( ) A.68. B.120. C.238. D.245.
4.According to the given information,which Guinness World Record was most recently set?( )
A.The record for “Most people inside a soap bubble”. B.The record for “Most living generations”. C.The record for “Most T-shirts worn at once”. D.The record for “Heaviest pumpkin”.
Passage 10
(2012湖南,B) Still seeking a destination for your weekend break?There are some places which are probably a mere walk away from your college. King’s Art Centre A day at the Centre could mean a visit to an exhibition of the work of one of the most interesting contemporary artists on show anywhere.This weekend sees the opening of an exhibition of four local artists. You could attend a class teaching you how to ‘learn from the masters’ or get more creative with paint—free of charge. The Centre also runs two life drawing classes for which there is a small fee. The Botanic Garden The Garden has over 8,000 plant species;it holds the research and teaching collection of living plants for Cambridge University. The multi-branched Torch Aloe here is impressive.The African plant produces red flowers above blue-green leaves,and is not one to miss. Get to the display house to see Dionaea muscipula,a plant more commonly known as the Venus Flytrap that feeds on insects and other small animals. The Garden is also a place for wildlife-enthusiasts.Look for grass snakes in the lake.A snake called ‘Hissing Sid’ is regularly seen lying in the heat of the warm sun. Byron’s Pool Many stories surround Lord Byron’s time as a student of Cambridge University.Arriving in 1805,he wrote a letter complaining that it was a place of “mess and drunkenness”.However,it seems as though Byron did manage to pass the time pleasantly enough.I’m not just talking about the pet bear he kept in his rooms.He spent a great deal of time walking in the village. It is also said that on occasion Byron swam naked by moonlight in the lake,which is now known as Byron’s Pool.A couple of miles past Grantchester in the south Cambridgeshire countryside,the pool is surrounded by beautiful circular paths around the fields.The cries of invisible birds make the trip a lovely experience and on the way home you can drop into the village for afternoon tea.If you don’t trust me,then perhaps you’ll take it from Virginia Woolf—over a century after Byron,she reportedly took a trip to swim in the same pool. 1.As mentioned in the passage,there is a small charge for . A.attending the masters’ class B.working with local artists C.learning life drawing D.seeing an exhibition 2.“Torch Aloe”and“Venus Flytrap” are . A.common insects B.impressive plants C.rarely-seen snakes D.wildlife-enthusiasts 3.We can infer from the passage that Byron seemed . A.to fear pet bears B.to like walking C.to be a heavy drinker D.to finish university in 1805 4.In the passage Byron’s Pool is described as a lake . A.surrounded by fields B.owned by Lord Byron C.located in Grantchester D.discovered by Virginia Woolf 5.What is the passage mainly about?( ) A.Some places for weekend break. B.A way to become creative in art. C.The colourful life in the countryside. D.Unknown stories of Cambridge University. Passage 11 (2012安徽,A) Welcome to one of the largest collections of footwear (鞋类)in the world that will make you green with envy.Here at the Footwear Museum,you can see exhibits (展品)from all over the world.You can find out about shoes worn by everyone from the Ancient Egyptians to pop stars. Room 1 The celebrity (名人)footwear section is probably the most popular in the entire museum.Started in the 1950s there is a wide variety of shoes and boots belonging to everyone from queens and presidents to pop stars and actors! Most visitors find the celebrities’ choice of footwear extremely interesting. Room 2 Most of our visitors are amazed—and shocked—by the collection of “special purpose”shoes on exhibition here at the Museum of Footwear.For example,there are Chinese shoes made of silk that were worn by women to tie their feet firmly to prevent them from growing too much! Room 3 As well as shoes and boots,the museum also exhibits shoe-shaped objects.The variety is unbelievable.For example,there is a metal lamp that resembles a pair of shoes,and Greek wine bottles that look like legs! The Footwear Library People come from all over the world to study in our excellent footwear library.Designers and researchers come here to look up information on anything and everything related to the subject of footwear. 1.Where would you find a famous singer’s shoes?( ) A.Room 1. B.Room 2.
C.Room 3. D.The Footwear Library. 2.All exhibits in each room . A.share the same theme B.have the same shape
C.are made of the same material D.belong to the same social class
3.Which of the following is true according to the text?( ) A.The oldest exhibits in Room 1 were made in the 1950s. B.Room 2 is the most visited place in the museum.
C.Room 3 has a richer variety of exhibits than the other two. D.Researchers come to the Footwear Library for data.
4.The purpose of the text is to get more people to . A.do research B.design shoes
C.visit the museum D.follow celebrities
Passage 12
(2012四川,D)
In a recent announcement,Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) said that they have joined forces to offer free online courses in an effort to attract millions of online learners worldwide.
Beginning this fall,a number of courses developed by teachers at both
universities will be offered online through a new $60 million program,known as edX.“Anyone with an Internet connection anywhere in the world can use our online courses,”Harvard President Drew Faust said during a meeting to announce the plan.
MIT has offered a program called OpenCourseWare for ten years that makes materials from more than 2,000 classes free online.It has been used by more than 100 million people.In December,the school announced it also would begin offering a special certificate,known as MITx,for people who complete certain online
courses.Harvard has long offered courses to a wider population through a similar program.
The MITx will serve as the foundation for the new learning platform.
MIT President Susan Hockfield said more than 120,000 people signed up for the first MITx course.She said Harvard and MIT hope other universities will join them in offering courses on the open-source edX platform.
“Fasten your seatbelts,”Hockfield said.
Other universities,including Stanford,Yale and Carnegie-Mellon,have been experimenting with teaching to a global population online.
The Harvard-MIT program will be monitored by a not-for-profit (非盈利的)organization based in Cambridge,to be owned equally by the two universities.Both MIT and Harvard have provided $30 million to start the program.They also plan to use the edX platform to research how students learn and which teaching methods and tools are most successful.
1.According to this text,edX is . A.a part of the free MIT OpenCourseWare
B.a free computer program by MIT and Harvard C.a Harvard-MIT platform of free online courses D.a free program online for universities worldwide
2.What is said about online education in the text?( ) A.Universities have been trying online courses. B.About 2,000 online courses have been offered.
C.Over 100 million people have finished courses online. D.Stanford and Yale together have courses similar to edX.
3.The underlined part in the text probably means “ ”. A.Get ready for the difficulties
B.Get ready for this educational change
C.Get prepared to complete the online courses
D.Get prepared to make materials for the edX courses
4.What can be said about MITx according to the text?( ) A.It is first offered as part of the edX learning program. B.It is another free MIT-Harvard online learning program.
C.It is a standard to recognize online learners’ achievement. D.It is a new kind of free online course of Harvard and MIT.
Passage 13
(2011新课标全国,D)
Wanted,Someone for a Kiss
We’re looking for producers to join us on the sound of London Kiss 100 FM.You’ll work on the station’s music programmes.Music production experience in radio is necessary,along with rich knowledge of modern dance music.Please apply in writing to Producer Vacancies,Kiss 100.
Father Christmas
We’re looking for a very special person,preferably over 40,to fill our Father Christmas suit.
Working days:Every Saturday from November 24 to December 15 and every day from December 17 to December 24 except Sundays,10:30-16:00.
Excellent pay. Please contact(联系)the Enterprise Shopping Centre,Station Parade,Eastbourne. Accountants Assistant
When you join the team in our Revenue Administration Unit,you will be providing assistance within all parts of the Revenue Division,dealing with post and other general duties.If you are educated to GCSE grade C level we would like to talk to you.This position is equally suitable for a school leaver or for somebody who has office experience.
Wealden District Council Software Trainer
If you are aged 24-45 and have experience in teaching and training,you could be the person we are looking for.You should be good at the computer and have some experience in programme writing.You will be allowed to make your own decisions,and to design courses as well as present them.Pay upwards of ￡15,000 for the right person.Please apply by sending your CV(简历) to Mrs R.Oglivie,Palmlace Limited. 1.Who should you get in touch with if you hope to work in a radio station?( ) A.Producer Vacancies,Kiss 100. B.Mrs. Oglivie,Palmlace Limited. C.The Enterprise Shopping Centre. D.Wealden District Council.
2.We learn from the ads that the Enterprise Shopping Centre needs a person who .
A.is aged between 24 and 40 B.may do some training work
C.should deal with general duties D.can work for about a month
3.Which position is open to recent school graduates?( ) A.Producer,London Kiss. B.Father Christmas. C.Accountants Assistant. D.Software Trainer.
4.What kind of person would probably apply to Palmlace Limited?( ) A.One with GCSE grade C level. B.One with some office experience. C.One having good computer knowledge.
D.One trained in producing music programmes
Passage 14
(2011福建,C)
Elixir written by Eric Walters Twelve-year-old Roth becomes a friend of Dr.Banting and his assistant,Mr.Best,who are in search of a cure for diabetes (糖尿病).She finds herself torn between her sympathy for the animals being experimented on and her friendship with Banting and Best. George Washington Carver written by Elizabeth MacLeod Meet the “Peanut (花生) Specialist”,George Washington Carver,the inventor and professor who made over 325 products out of peanuts.Through his agricultural research,he also greatly improved the lives of countless black farmers in the southern United States.See also MacLeod’s Albert Einstein:A Life of Genius. The Inuit Thought of It:Amazing Arctic Innovations written by Alootook Ipellie & David MacDonald Explore more than 40 ideas necessary to Inuit survival.From ideas familiar to us today to inventive concepts that shaped their lives,celebrate the creativity of a remarkably intelligent people.Also see other books:The Chinese Thought of It by Tingxing Ye and A Native American Thought of It by Rocky Landon and David MacDonald. Made in Canada:101 Amazing Achievements written by Bev Spencer What things do we use daily that have a Canadian connection?Here are 101 common things that were invented in Canada or by a Canadian,including the Blackberry,alkaline (碱性) batteries and the Blue Box recycling program. Newton and the Time Machine written by Michael McGowan Ten-year-old boy Newton has invented a time machine to see dinosaurs up close.But it disappears on a test run with his two huge friends,King Herbert and Queen Certrude,in it!Can he save them before time runs out?
1.Which of the following best describes Roth’s feeling in Book 1?( ) A.Painful. B.Curious. C.Frightened. D.Disappointed.
2.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?( ) A.Animals are mentioned in Book 1 and Book 5. B.Book 3 introduces 40 inventive concepts.
C.Alkaline batteries were invented by Dr.Banting.
D.George Washington Carver was a black farmer in the US. 3.In Book 5,King Herbert and Queen Certrude are . A.Newton’s human friends
B.the names of the time machine C.two dinosaurs
D.the inventors of the time machine
4.If you are interested in native Americans,you may read the book by . A.Elizabeth MacLeod B.Eric Walters
C.Rocky Landon & David MacDonald D.Bev Spencer
Passage 15
(2011江苏,B)
Attractions Do you:
◆Love the National Park,value it and hope to safeguard its future? ◆Wish to see the beautiful landscape of the Park protected? ◆Like to enjoy peaceful,informal recreation within the Park? Aims
The Friends organization aims are to help protect and improve the Pembrokeshire Coast National Park for all to enjoy.We are a voluntary organization and registered charity without financial links to the National Park Authority.
Activities We encourage everyone to enjoy the National Park through regular talks and visits to interesting places in the Park with expert guides.
We keep an eye on planning applications,Park Authority policies and threats to the National Park such as massive leisure complexes.We work with like-minded organizations such as the Campaign for National Parks to make our voice more effective.
We help children to understand the National Park by sponsoring publications such as an adventure booklet and projects in local schools.
Benefits
◆Guided visits to places of interest which may not always be available to the general public.
◆All members receive our regular News and Views. ◆Talks by experts in their fields on current issues. ◆A discount is available on Friends items for sale.
◆Satisfaction of participation in work parties,for those willing and able to be involved.
If interested,please complete the Application Form at www.fpnp.org.uk. 1.Which of the following is discouraged by the Friends organization?( ) A.To build massive complexes for public amusement. B.To prevent possible damages to the National Park.
C.To help protect and improve the Park for all to enjoy. D.To sponsor publications and projects in local schools. 2.One of the benefits for members of Friends is to . A.have Friends’ goods free of charge
B.visit any place not open to the public C.take part in work parties if they want to D.give talks in their fields on current issues
3.The purpose of this poster is to invite more people to . A.raise money for the Friends organization
B.join the Friends organization and be members of it C.work as managers for Pembrokeshire National Park D.enjoy the landscape of Pembrokeshire National Park
Passage 16
(2010新课标全国,A)
Shakespeare’s Birthplace and Exhibition of Shakespeare’s World
Welcome to the world-famous house where William Shakespeare was born in 15 and where he grew up.The property(房产) remained in the ownership of Shakespeare’s family until 1806.The House has welcomed visitors travelling from all over the world,for over 250 years. OPENING TIMES: 20 Mar to 19 Oct Mon to Sat:9:00 am to 5:00pm Sun:9:30 am to 5:00pm 20 Oct to 19 Mar Mon to Sat:9:30am to 4:00pm Sun:10:00am to 4:00pm ♦Enter through the Visitors’ Centre and see the highly-praised exhibition Shakespeare’s World,a lively and full introduction to the life and work of Shakespeare.
♦Stand in the rooms where Shakespeare grew up.
♦Discover examples of furniture and needlework from Shakespeare’s period.
♦Enjoy the traditional English garden,planted with trees and flowers mentioned in the poet’s works. ADMISSION: Adult ￡4.90 Child ￡2.20 Family ￡12.00 (2 adults+up to 3 children) ■The Birthplace is within easy walking distance of all the car parks shown on the map;nearest is Windsor Street(3 minutes’ walk).
The House may present difficulties but the Visitors’ Centre,its exhibition,and the garden are accessible(可进入的) to wheelchair users. The Shakespeare Coffee House(opposite the Birthplace).
1.How much is the admission for a family of two grown-ups and two children?( ) A.￡9.80. B.￡12.00. C.￡14.20. D.￡16.40.
2.Where is the nearest parking place to Shakespeare’s Birthplace?( ) A.Behind the exhibition hall. B.Opposite the Visitors’ Centre. C.At Windsor Street. D.Near the Coffee House.
3.A wheelchair user may need help to enter . A.the House B.the garden
C.the Visitors’ Centre D.the exhibition hall
写人记事
( A )
(2013安徽合肥第一次质检)
My grandma whom we all called Nanny was a solid,first-generation,Italian immigrant.She came to this country with her family on a tiny ship during World War Ⅰ when she was only 8 years old.During the trip she survived stormy seas,little food,and an attack by a German U-boat.After getting here,her large family worked hard to build a new life in America.They never had much money but were rich in love.
One day,when I was about 5 or 6 years old,my parents and brothers went on a trip.It was just me and Nanny in the house for the weekend.Nanny seemed so happy to be taking care of me all by herself.She made me a special breakfast that first
morning.However,all I could do was to complain about how the food was not how Mom always made it.Nanny quietly put down the plate and went into the living room.I followed a minute later and saw that she had tears in her eyes.It was the first time I had ever seen my strong and proud grandmother cry and I was the one who had caused it.
I walked over to Nanny,climbed on her lap,and for the first time in my short life I did something else too.I apologized without being told to and asked Nanny to forgive me.She smiled,rubbed my head,and told me I was a good boy even though I didn’t feel like one then.
That memory just like my Nanny’s love will stay in my heart forever.It is a sign of both strength and wisdom.Asking for forgiveness helps us to learn,to grow,and to love.
1.Nanny’s family immigrated to America mainly because . A.they suffered starvation in their homeland
B.they wanted to start a rich life in the new land C.they tried to get away from the terrible climate D.their country was in war and they needed peace
2.The boy complained to Nanny that the food . A.wasn’t cooked the way his mom did B.was served a bit later than usual C.was prepared in a special way D.was just to his parents’taste
3.When seeing Nanny crying in the living room,the author felt . A.surprised B.ashamed C.shocked D.annoyed
4.The author mainly wants to tell us that . A.forgiveness can be beneficial to people asking for it B.hardships can make children more indifferent
C.grandparents are more tolerant than their grandchildren
D.family ties can sometimes be misused
( B )
(2013安徽六校教育研究会高三测试)
Bea,a five-year-old girl,was born with a severe illness which means she has to be kept away from other children her age,because her body is so weak that she would be unable to fight off a common cold.
Bea was diagnosed with this disease when she was five months old.Since then,the hospital has become her second home,medicines for food,and all kinds of treatments her friends.Bea received a very special treatment when she was four years old,which would allow her to be like a normal child if successful.After that,she spent two weeks in ICU before living for four months on a separate ward(病房).Bea was allowed home in February but still needed a special tube in her nose to send in medicine every two days.
Her parents clean the house from top to bottom every two days and hoover (用吸尘器清扫) each morning to make sure Bea is free from any possible
bacteria.Anna,Bea’s mother,said,“She is weak but so strong.We’ve never seen any child stronger than her.It seems as if nothing in the world could beat her.We really hope to send her to school next year.” She used to drive on the local playground,but Bea was only allowed to watch sitting in the car.“It was heartbreaking to see Bea staring at the running and laughing children there.She never stopped fighting the disease.I know she’s dying for such a normal life.”
Hearing of Bea’s story,the Make-A-Wish Foundation has paid for a play park to be built in her back garden.“Bea is very brave and she has encouraged many children like her,” said the chairman of the foundation. 1.If Bea stayed with other children freely, .
A.other children would have a higher chance to catch her disease B.she would catch a common cold which would kill her quickly C.her life would be in great danger as she could fall ill easily D.she would be lost in playing and forget to receive treatment 2.From the passage we can infer that . A.Bea will need a tube in her nose all the time B.Bea has to stay in hospital until she is an adult C.Bea’s parents will send her to school next year D.Bea’s mother feels proud when talking about her
3.The Make-A-Wish Foundation had a play park built for Bea to . A.honor her bravery in fighting against her disease B.call for attention to this immune system deficiency C.encourage more children like Bea to be optimistic D.launch a campaign against this serious disease
4.What makes Bea so brave to fight against this serious disease?( ) A.Her parents’ encouragement and care. B.Her dreaming of owning a play park. C.Her wish to become a normal child. D.Her doctor’s skills and experience.
( C )
(2013浙江宁波高三上期末)
I was a fat kid who grew into an overweight adult.I was constantly laughed at for being heavier than the other kids,leaving me feeling shy.I tried several
diets,but none worked,and I ended up gaining weight.Another factor contributing to my weight gain was my love for cooking,especially rich,high-fat desserts,which I enjoyed preparing and,of course,eating.
When I finished high school at the age of 18,I weighed 215 pounds.Lacking the self-confidence to go to a new,faraway school,I decided to stay close to home instead of going away to college.I continued with my unhealthful eating habits and felt more miserable as the weight came on,but I did nothing about it except buy larger plus-size clothes.
My turning point came 10 years later at a friend’s New Year’s Eve party when I was at my all-time highest weight of 330 pounds.I caught my reflection in a mirror and the truth hit me: I was overweight and unhealthy,and unless I did something about it now,I would only get bigger and unhappier.
After leaving the party,I thought about my past weight-loss efforts and realized they didn’t work because they required me to give up foods I loved.Then I would constantly think about food and binge,abandoning the diet altogether.If I took a common-sense approach and ate smaller portions of all foods,I would be able to satisfy my hunger and not feel deprived.
My biggest challenge was finding a way to fit my passion for cooking into my healthier lifestyle.At first,I tried to stay away from the kitchen to prevent myself from thinking about food.The result: Food was all I thought about.There had to be some way to combine cooking with healthful eating.I found the solution after reading several low-fat cookbooks.With some trial and error,I could modify my favorite foods and make them low in fat,yet delicious.
The pounds started coming off,and when I started exercising(usually cardio and weight training five times a week),they seemed to melt away.I didn’t feel deprived,and I felt free to give my body the care and attention it deserved.
I lost 165 pounds over the next two years.I had many ups and downs,but I was determined to go on.Another challenge to me was not to beat myself up if I ate something that was unhealthy and to take it as a sign to abandon my healthful habits.Instead,I vowed to start again and always keep my goal in mind.
Thanks to losing weight and becoming fit I am in line with my body and myself.My dream is to help others realize the ease and benefits of low-fat cooking and eating.I’ve created and published a book of low-fat recipes(食谱) and run workshops and seminars(研讨会) on healthful eating.Now that I know what I can achieve when I set my mind to it,my dreams are no longer out of reach.I have finally found myself. 1.What factor contributed to the author’s failure in losing her weight at first?( )
A.Her laziness in starting exercising.
B.Her unwillingness to abandon low-fat desserts.
C.Her passion for cooking and unhealthy eating habits. D.Her lack of maintenance tips.
2.What did the author do as she kept on gaining weight?( ) A.She tried a few low-fat diets.
B.She decided to stay away from home.
C.She bought herself clothes of larger sizes.
D.She could do nothing except that she felt deprived. 3.The author’s story tells us that . A.it is important to have a balanced diet
B.cooking by oneself will make one healthy
C.trial and error is important in learning cooking
D.reading cookbooks will help to build up a good eating habit
4.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?( ) A.She missed opportunity to attend college because of her shyness. B.She didn’t attend the New Year’s Eve party because of her weight. C.Her dream of becoming a beautiful girl came true after she lost weight.
D.She didn’t seriously consider losing her weight until she realized how fat she was.
5.It can be concluded from the passage that .
A.you will live a healthy life if you cook yourself every day
B.you will feel deprived if one fails to give attention to your body
C.it is the most important thing for you to have some maintenance tips in order to keep fit D.being overweight can not only be bad for your health but also bring you much trouble in your life
( D )
(2012浙江高考模拟试题四月领航卷一)
Billy Peck was a farm duck whose big dream was to become a tightrope (绷索) walker.
Every day he spent hours out on the rope,practicing,encouraged by his faithful friend,Artie Quack.Artie was an older duck who,when young,had practiced that very same art.Both of them were a bit flap-footed at it,but they had never let that get in the way of doing all they could to keep training and hopefully improve.
One day,a new ram (公羊) arrived at the farm.Soon after noticing the ducks’ tightrope practice,he came over and began praising them.He said they were doing great,and he bet they could cross any place on that rope of theirs.This left Billy feeling highly encouraged,despite Artie commenting that he hadn’t noticed any real improvement.
A few days later,Billy found himself with the ram,looking across a ravine (峡谷).
The gap was so wide that no one could jump it.You could only cross it using a tightrope.Artie tried to talk his friend out of it.He wanted him to realize that he wasn’t such a great tightrope walker,and this thing with the ravine would be really dangerous.The ram disagreed,saying that Billy Peck was the best tightrope walker in the whole area,and that Artie Quack was just jealous (妒忌) of him.Both ducks got angry,and Artie refused to help with the tightrope walk.
On the ravine,the ram egged Billy on,to reach the other side.But as soon as he had stepped out onto the rope Billy lost his balance,and fell.Fortunately he landed on a small ledge (岩架),but when he asked the ram to help him up,he discovered that he had disappeared.Billy Peck had to spend quite some time there,and even worse,his leg was broken.
He realized that his old friend Artie had been telling him the truth all along.He saw that it couldn’t have been easy for Artie to tell him that he wasn’t a good tightrope walker,and Billy was grateful to have such a good friend who would always tell him the truth...
And Artie really was a good friend,because,knowing what was about to happen,he had gone straight off to find a group of wild ducks—old friends of his.These wild
ducks flew much better than the poor old farm ducks.Artie prepared a rescue operation with the wild ducks.
Billy asked Artie to forgive him,and Artie happily did so.And,while being rescued,and flying high,Billy could see that over on the other side of the ravine there was a load of well-hidden and delicious delicacies (佳肴).Billy realized that that was all the greedy ram had been interested in.He wanted those foods,but couldn’t cross the ravine himself,so he tried to use Billy to get them.
Billy felt foolish,but also fortunate,because helped by his new duck friends they managed to gather all that wonderful food,take it to the farm,and have a big party among real friends.
1.What did the ram do when he noticed the ducks’ tightrope practice?( ) A.He was determined to learn from them. B.He put in a lot of good words for them. C.He encouraged them to practise harder. D.He told them how to make progress.
2.Why did Artie Quack stop Billy Peck crossing the ravine?( ) A.He wanted to help his friend. B.He was jealous of his friend.
C.He tried to teach the ram a lesson. D.He wanted the ram to leave them.
3.Why did the ram egg Billy on to cross the ravine?( ) A.To help Billy reach his goal. B.To gain what he wished to. C.To make Artie more angry.
D.To prove he was a real friend.
4.Which of the following is the correct order of the events?( ) a.Billy Peck turned to the ram for help but he disappeared.
b.Artie found a group of wild ducks and they rescued Billy Peck. c.Billy Peck fell onto a ledge.
d.The ram encouraged Billy Peck to cross the ravine. e.A ram came to the farm where Billy Peck lived.
f.The ram praised the ducks when he saw their tightrope practice. A.e-d-a-c-b-f B.e-c-a-f-d-b C.e-c-b-f-a-d D.e-f-d-c-a-b
5.What is the moral lesson of the story?( ) A.Where there is a will,there is a way. B.Making too many friends brings you harm.
C.Don’t trust those who give you false praise. D.Don’t count chickens before they are born.
( E )
(2011山东烟台高三调研)
Jeffrey Bezos,the founder,president and chairman of the board of Amazon.com,was born in Albuquerque,New Mexico.His mother’s ancestors were early settlers in Texas,and over the generations had acquired a 25,000-acre farm at Cotulla.Jeffrey spent most summers of his youth working with his grandfather on their farm.
Jeffrey showed intense and varied scientific interests at an early age.He set up an electric alarm to keep his younger sisters and brothers out of his room and changed his parents’ garage into a laboratory for his science projects.
After he graduated from Princeton University with a degree in computer science and electrical engineering,Jeffrey Bezos found employment on Wall Street,where computer science was increasingly in demand to study market trends.He rose
quickly,becoming a senior vice president,and looked forward to a bright career in finance,when he made a discovery that changed his life,and the course of business history.
In 1994,there was still no Internet commerce to speak of.One day that
spring,Jeffrey Bezos observed that Internet usage was increasing by 2,300 percent a year.He saw an opportunity for a new circle of commerce,and immediately began considering the possibilities.
Bezos founded Amazon.com in 1994,setting up the original company in his
garage.The company was called Amazon for the seemingly endless South American river with its numberless branches.It started as an online bookstore but soon diversified (多样化) to all kinds of products.His work with Amazon eventually led him to become one of the most excellent dot-com entrepreneurs (企业家).He was named Time magazine’s Person of the Year in 1999.In 2008,he was selected by U.S.News & World Report as one of America’s Best Leaders.Bezos’ Amazon has become “the Earth’s biggest anything store”.Amazon.com is now called “one of the smartest strategies in business history”.
Today,Jeffrey Bezos lives north of Seattle and is increasingly concerned with charity (慈善) activities.“Giving away money takes as much attention as building a successful company,”he has said. 1.In his childhood,Bezos .
A.had to work with parents on their farm all day long B.showed great interest in science
C.didn’t get along well with his brothers and sisters D.wanted to become a businessman
2.Jeffrey changed the course of business history because he .
A.rose quickly,looking forward to a bright career in finance on Wall Street B.observed the Internet usage was increasing by 2,300% a year C.founded a new form of commerce that developed fast later D.was the first to speak of Internet commerce
3.Bezos named his company Amazon with the aim of . A.opening numberless branches all over the world B.living a quiet life along the Amazon River C.earning endless money and being wealthy
D.wishing his company to run smoothly and endlessly
4.Which of the following isn’t mentioned in the passage?( ) A.How hard Bezos studied physics in Princeton University. B.“Amazon.com” only sold books in the beginning.
C.Bezos not only devoted his life to Internet commerce but also to charity. D.The reason why Jeffrey Bezos decided to found Amazon.com. 5.It can be inferred from the passage that .
A.it was Bezos’s grandfather on the farm who helped him a lot B.Bezos invented e-commerce to win the world fame overnight C.Bezos is aiming at being “the Earth’s biggest bookstore” D.Bezos has a sharp business mind and a kind heart
社会文化
( A )
(2013四川绵阳高三第二次诊断性考试)
Although his one-year-old smart-phone still works perfectly,Li Jijia already feels the need to replace it.
“There are many better ones available now.It’s time to upgrade(更新)my phone.” Li’s impatience is shared by many.Shortly after the season when new products are released,many consumers feel the urge to upgrade their electronic equipment,even though the ones they have still work just fine.
As consumers’minds are occupied by Apple’s newly released products and debate whether the Google tablet is better than the new Amazon Kindle,it might be time to take a step back and ask: “Do we really need the latest upgrades?”
According to Donald Norman,an American author,“planned obsolescence (淘汰)” is the trick behind the upgrading culture of today’s consumer electronics industry.
Electronics producers strategically release new upgrades periodically,both for hardware and software,so that customers on every level feel the need to buy the newest version.
“This is an old-time trick—they’re not inventing anything new,”Norman said.“This is a wasteful system through which companies—many of them producing personal electronics—release poor-quality products simply because they know that,in six months or a year,they’ll put out a new one.”
But the new psychology of consumers is part of this system,as Norman admitted,“We now want something new,something pretty,the next shiny thing.” In its most recent year,Apple’s profit margin was more than 21 percent.At Hewlett-Packard,the world’s biggest PC maker,it was only 7 percent.
Apple’s annual upgrades of its products create sales of millions of units as owners of one year’s MacBook or iPhone line up to buy the newest version,even when the changes are slight.
As to Li Jijia,the need for upgrading his smart-phone comes mainly from friends and classmates.When they are switching to the latest equipment,he worries about feeling left out.
“Some games require better hardware to run,” said Li.“If you don’t join in,you lose part of the connection to your friends.”
1.What’s the author’s attitude towards people’s greed for new products?( ) A.Supportive. B.Optimistic. C.Critical. D.Unclear.
2.How do the electronics companies successfully promote their latest products?( )
A.They make full use of the “planned obsolescence” strategy. B.They make a fool of customers by recycling their old products. C.They control the customers’way of thinking while shopping. D.They invent new products to attract the youth like Li Jijia. 3.Why is Apple Company interested in producing latest version of its products?( ) A.To provide customers with better service.
B.To defeat other competitors like Hewlett-Packard.
C.To establish a favorable image of itself among its customers. D.To make huge profits out of its business.
4.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that Li Jijia feels the need to replace his smart-phone as a result of . A.new psychology B.peer pressure C.life style D.friends’ expectation
( B )
(2012浙江瑞安高三五月模拟)
When Chinese student Du Juan brought her American boyfriend home two years ago to use the toilet,her Japanese roommate became so upset that she shouted in English: “I hate you.”
Du,then 21 and an undergraduate at Bridgewater State College in Massachusetts,was shocked.So was her boyfriend.
“Later I realized that she didn’t literally mean what she said and that she was not aware of the full meaning of the word ‘hate’in English,” said Du.“It was more a problem with translation,” she added.
Cultural differences can cause confusion about what words or even actions mean,an issue that has come to the forefront recently following the arrest of a Chinese doctoral degree student in New Jersey.
Zhai Tiantian,who studied at the Stevens Institute of Technology,has been accused of trying to set fire to a campus building and of making threats to a professor who gave him a low mark.No physical altercation took place but Zhai reportedly said something along the lines of “at worst,I will risk anything on the line.” The professor called the campus police.
According to the indictment sheet(起诉书),Zhai is facing the serious charge of making a terroristic threat.
For a few days,Chinese media mistranslated,or misunderstood the charges and reported that Zhai was being charged with terrorism.
Some language experts have speculated(推测)that the disagreement between Zhai and the professor can also be chalked up to cultural and linguistic differences.“What Chinese people regard as acceptable speeches may be regarded by Americans as threats,” said Luo Gang,the Chinese Consulate’s Overseas Chinese Affairs consul.“This is an unfortunate incident.Even though Zhai intended no harm,he has done himself a great deal of harm.”
Du,now 23,said she supports Zhai’s actions in fighting to save his academic career,but added he needs to learn more about communication in a foreign language.
“Chinese students in a foreign country must prepare more in terms of languages and conversation skills to avoid misunderstandings,” she said. 1.What does the underlined word “altercation” mean?( ) A.fight B.check C.education D.experiment 2.By saying “It was more a problem with translation”,what does Du Juan mean?( ) A.Translation was not the real problem,as Du Juan and her roommate can both speak English.
B.Du Juan can not understand what her roommate meant at all.
C.Her roommate didn’t know what “hate”really means in daily conversation. D.Her roommate spoke such poor English that she felt angry.
3.Which of the following statements about Zhai Tiantian is true?( ) A.He set fire to a campus building.
B.He argued with a professor because he received a low mark.
C.He has received a doctor’s degree at the Stevens Institute of Technology.
D.He is facing a serious charge because he murdered the professor. 4.What is the main idea of the passage?( ) A.Du Juan’s unpleasant experience abroad. B.Confusion caused by translation.
C.Conversational skills in a foreign country. D.Cultural differences between China and America.
( C )
(2013浙江余姚第八中学月考)
Developed and developing nations can learn from each other in the pursuit of a low-carbon economy,a Chinese government official said in Shanghai yesterday.
China doesn’t lag developed nations in terms of energy saving and a green economy,said Zhou Changyi,director of the energy saving department of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology.
“While we can learn many aspects from developed nations,they should also learn something from us,such as water conservation,” Zhou said in a speech during the New Path of China’s Industrialization forum at the ongoing China International Industry Fair 2009.
He said industrialized nations and China are dealing with different issues to combat climate change.The United Kingdom,for example,is concerned about
transport,buildings and new energy in reducing carbon emissions (碳排放量).For China,the most urgent task is how to realize a new type of industrialization and avoid the mistakes that other countries made when they industrialized.
As such,overseas exhibitors at this year’s fair are showing ways to help China achieve low-carbon emissions in the industrial sector.
Swiss power and automation technology group ABB called for a stronger focus on product life-cycle assessment,or LCA,which is used to study the environmental impact of a product from the research and manufacturing stage through its usage and recycling.
Tobias Becker,head of ABB’s process automation division for North Asia and China,said LCA is an effective tool in helping manufacturing industries reduce carbon emissions.
LCA shows that industrial customers should focus more on a product’s
environmental impact throughout its life cycle instead of on its initial investment or ready-to-use stage.For example,a motor’s initial investment accounts for only 3 percent of its life-cycle cost,while 94 percent goes to fuel consumption and the rest to maintenance.
Richard Hausmann,North East Asia CEO of Siemens,said: “The color of future industrialization will be green.”
The German company recently announced it wants to receive orders worth more than 6 billion euros (US$8.8 billion) for intelligent power networks,or Smart Grid,over the next five years.Siemens has set a 20-percent-market share target for the global smart grid business.
A smart grid delivers electricity from suppliers to consumers using digital technology,advanced sensors and specialized computers that save energy,reduce costs and increase reliability.The United States and China are considered the two biggest markets for the smart grid.
1.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “lag”?( ) A.fall behind B.be superior to
C.attack D.fear
2.Which of the following about LCA is RIGHT?( ) A.LCA is used to study the impact on a product.
B.LCA can help manufacturing industries decrease carbon release a lot.
C.LCA shows industrial customers should focus more on a product’s environmental influence instead of on its initial investment.
D.LCA is one of the exhibitions at this year’s fair. 3.What can we infer from the 10th passage?( ) A.Siemens has occupied a 20-percent-market share for the global smart grid business. B.Siemens received orders worth over 6 billion euros recently.
C.Siemens will earn US$8.8 billion from intelligent power networks. D.Siemens’ plan about the smart grid may come true in the future.
4.Which character about the smart grid isn’t mentioned in the passage?( ) A.Energy-saving B.Low-cost C.Reliable D.Small in size
5.What is the best title of the passage?( )
A.Developed and developing nations can learn from each other B.Low-carbon economy—a shared goal C.Intelligent power networks
D.Two biggest markets for the smart grid
( D )
(2013四川绵阳高三第二次诊断性考试)
A father in Wuhan,nicknamed “Eagle Dad” for his controversial parenting style,has dismissed critics’claims that he pushes his 4-year-old son too hard.
Police officer Wang Shaoyan came under the spotlight this month after his child took part in an 18-kilometer race in the Hubei provincial capital.
Some parents attacked his methods of extreme physical training,while others reacted strongly to his admission that he regularly exposes the youngster to cold showers.“I just want my son to reach his full potential,” Wang said,adding that 4-year-old son not only runs 3 km every day he also takes cold showers from time to time to strengthen his body’s resistance and will power.
“He has never taken any sick leave from kindergarten,” he said proudly.However,some parents find his methods too extreme.
“I’m not sure a 4-year-old is prepared for such intense training,” said Zhang Ruxia a woman who gave birth to two boys in October in Tianjin.“You can have good intentions to train your child at an early age but you also have to consider whether he can take it.” Wang responded by saying children are too young to make decisions,and it is up to parents to lead them on the right path.
“I read many materials before and the whole process is step-by-step without pushing or imposing on my son,” Wang said.The father said he was not acting rashly but following a scientific way of education.He said the doubts about his methods reflect the declining standards of modern education.
“Many people in Japan give their children cold showers too,and no one is fussing about it,”he said.The traditional way of education applied by most of his peers might not necessarily help bring the best out of a child he said.
Wang said in addition to the physical training,he has also laid out a detailed and particular program to strengthen the intelligence of the child.“I have hired
some university students to expand his knowledge in natural science,while playing the video for English-language teaching as well,” he said. 1.For what reason was Wang made known to the public?( ) A.He employed some college students to teach his son. B.He made his kid take a long distance race. C.He exposed his 4-year-old to cold showers. D.He forced his youngster to run 3 km every day.
2.Which statement is supported by the parents who hold the opposite opinion?( ) A.Extreme physical training can explore children’s full potential.
B.Taking cold showers regularly is beneficial for children’s development. C.It’s up to parents to lead children on the right path. D.The way to educate children should agree with their age.
3.What does the phrase “fussing about” probably mean in the 7th paragraph?( ) A.Minding about. B.Paying attention to. C.Laughing at. D.Talking about.
4.In Eagle Dad’s opinion,his extreme parenting was questioned because . A.he didn’t take it step by step in a scientific way B.the highly tense workout was misunderstood C.modern education is not challenging enough D.some parents were jealous of his success
( E )
(2012东北三校高三一模)
More than 20 Chinese and American experts discovered that young people of both countries are facing the same problems of economic and social pressures and lack of confidence.
Wayne Meisel,director of the Campus Outreach Opportunity League of Minnesota University,said that under economic pressure American young people have to work hard and most students have to take part-time work in order to support themselves.
In these circumstances,he said,young people lack confidence,which was not the case in the 1960s when young people thought themselves capable of doing anything.
In spite of the different conditions in China,Li Xuequan,director of the higher education section of the All-China Youth Federation,said Chinese young people are also facing economic pressure and are worried about inflation (通货膨胀) and corruption ().
In order to solve these problems,the Chinese and American experts agreed that youth organization should call on the whole of society to create favourable
conditions for the healthy growth of young people,as well as to encourage them to meet the urgent needs of society.
Meisel said that since last year he has sent letters of “challenge to youth” to many young people,urging them to commit themselves to meet such needs as feeding the hungry,housing the homeless,caring for the lonely and sick,serving the elderly and preserving the environment.
The letter says:“Through the service,we touch the lives of others and enrich our own.”
1.What is the main factor that leads to young people’s lack of confidence in both countries?( )
A.Their education B.Their laziness
C.Economic pressure D.Part-time jobs
2.What is the possible situation in the 1960s?( ) A.Young people lacked confidence as well.
B.Young people were quite confident in America.
C.Young people in America were able to do anything well. D.Young Chinese people were very confident.
3.The word “commit” can be replaced by “ ”. A.keep B.devote C.help D.express
4.The passage is mainly about in the two countries. A.lack of confidence of the young people
B.problems of the young people and ways to solve them C.approaches to touching the lives of others D.challenges for the young people
科普知识
( A )
(2013浙江宁波高三上期末)
The heat engine is certainly one of the most important devices that man ever invented.In its simplest meaning,the heat engine is a device that transforms heat energy into other forms of energy,such as mechanical and electrical energy.A great majority of the engines used today lie under the contributions that the heat engine made in the fields of industry,transportation,and the production of electricity gives us a deeper and more detailed look at the importance of heat engines.
The heat engine had a great role in the Industrial Revolution of the nineteenth century. Scientists developed machines,based on heat engines,which could increase the amount of goods produced,and at the same time,decrease the amount of time and money consumed.The manufactured goods became affordable to almost everyone,and they were not a luxury any more.After the introduction of the heat engine in the industrial field,the concept of mass production was first realized,and industry boomed as never before.
Through history man has always tried to invent efficient means of
transportation.However,it was not until the invention of the heat engine that this became possible.A new era replaced the old era of animal-powered transportation,an era whose characteristics were speed and comfort.
The train was the first means of transportation that used the heat engine,and it introduced new horizons of long-distance traveling.However,there was another machine that replaced the horse as a personal means of transportation.It was called the car,and it also used the heat engine.The achievements of the car in a few decades wiped out centuries of horse transportation.
Scientists realized the importance of electricity since the day it was discovered. Unfortunately,electricity was not available in nature for direct use.Scientists had to come up with ways of producing it.Here again,the heat engine was used to produce mechanical energy,which in turn can produce
electricity.Today,many power-producing stations all over the world still use heat engines.They use coal or fuel oil to evaporate water,then the steam is used to turn a turbine which can produce electricity.
In conclusion,heat engines proved to be one of the most important inventions.It is enough to observe the importance of industry,transportation,and electricity in
our lives to know the importance of heat engines.Although the engines used today are quite different from the early ones,the same concept of changing heat into other kinds of energy is still used.
1.What is the passage mainly about?( ) A.The importance of electricity. B.The importance of heat energy. C.The importance of the heat engine.
D.The importance of means of transportation.
2.The underlined word “transforms” in Para.1 can be best replaced by . A.changes B.divides C.adapts D.breaks
3.Which of the following is TRUE after the scientist used heat engine in industry?( )
A.Heat engines greatly promoted industry.
B.More money and less time were spent in producing goods.
C.Manufactured goods decreased a lot because of mass production.
D.The invention of the heat engine resulted in the invention of electricity. 4.Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?( ) A.The animal-powered transportation was slow but comfortable.
B.The heat engine is the greatest invention ever in the history of industry. C.The car is a means of personal transportation that is based on the heat engine. D.Before the invention of the heat engine,the animal was the only means of transportation.
( B )
(2013河北石家庄高三质检二)
Fish have different personalities which change as they experience life’s highs and lows according to British biologists.
Researchers identified different“personalities”in their fish by observing the boldness or shyness of individuals,according to The Nature.Like people,some fish are very confident in the face of novelty(新奇事物)or conflict;while others are silent and shy.
The scientists selected particularly bold and shy rainbow trout,and tested whether they changed their outlook depending on what life threw at them.They arranged some fish to fight and others to watch to see how both the participants and observers responded to victories and defeats.Winning or losing a fight,or even watching fellow fish overcome the difficulties influenced the future behavior of the creatures studied in the lab.
The researchers made fish compete with much larger or smaller opponents to ensure that they would win or lose their fights.These bold fish that won their fights tended to be even bolder when later presented with a novel food item;losing their fight caused them to be much more cautious.
Fish also learn by watching others.Bold fish watching a shy fish exploring a mystery object were much more nervous when later given a novelty item for themselves.
Predictably,shy fish that won a fight also gained more confidence,but surprisingly,shy fish that lost their fights also grew bolder when exploring strange new food,Sneddon said,adding that this could be due to what she calls a “desperado effect”(亡命徒效应).
The new research suggests that animals can gradually adapt their
personalities.The results echo the effects that life experience can have on human.
1.What does the underlined word “creatures”probably refer to?( ) A.Fish. B.Participants.
C.Observers. D.Researchers.
2.The third paragraph of the text is mainly about . A.a conclusion of the research
B.an explanation of fish characters C.a statement of the experiment D.a description of fish fights
3.What can we know from the research?( )
A.Bold losing fish become bolder when presented with a novel food item. B.Losing their fights causes the bold fish to be much more courageous. C.Bold fish watching a shy fish exploring a mystery get less nervous. D.Shy fish losing fights grow more confident in exploring new food. 4.What’s the main idea of the text?( ) A.Fish have stress in the fierce fights. B.Fish care about winning or losing a fight. C.Fish have adaptable personalities.
D.Fish can learn a lot by watching others.
( C )
(2012安徽“江南十校”高三仿真卷一)
Airtight plastic bags can help farmers protect their harvests without the use of harmful chemicals.These bags are designed to keep air out of crops in storage.They are a simple way to fight insects and keep food fresh.
Ten countries in West and Central Africa are involved in a project to improve the storage of cowpeas,also known as black-eyed peas.Farmers can lose much of the harvest to insects called bruchids.These grow from egg to adult in a few weeks and then lay forty to sixty more eggs.They can destroy the whole harvest within months.
Farmers can sell their crop immediately.But selling at harvest time means more competition and lower prices.Or they can use pesticides (杀虫剂) to kill the bugs.But crop scientist Dieudonne Baributsa says,“They end up misusing or overusing the pesticide.In Nigeria,they have reported a lot of cases of death.They usually call it in Nigeria ‘killer bean’.”
Mr.Baributsa is a researcher at Purdue University in the American state of Indiana.The project is called PICS,for Purdue Improved Cowpea Storage.He says the storage bags are thick enough that any insects already in the cowpeas will die from lack of oxygen.The lack of air will also help prevent the growth of bacteria that can ruin the harvest.The bags cost about two dollars each.Mr.Baributsa says that is not much,especially if it means farmers can wait long enough to get a better price for their crop.The bags are produced locally.Donors currently support the
project,but the groups involved are working to build a lasting market for the bags because donor support for the project will not last forever.
A company based in the United States called GrainPro makes another kind of airtight bag.These are called SuperGrainbags.Phil Villers,the company’s
president,says safely storing a harvest not only earns more money for farmers,it also reduces the amount of food lost to insects,spoilage and mishandling.“What does not get wasted and eaten means it is available to feed a hungry world,”said Phil Villers.
1.What’s the best title for this passage?( )
A.Simple Bags Save the Harvest
B.Plastic Bags: the Enemy of Insects C.Good News for Hungry World
D.Pesticides Threaten Food Safety
2.It can be inferred that bruchids . A.steal the stored crop for the future B.breed slowly in the stored harvest C.survive in airtight plastic bags
D.multiply while the crop is in storage 3.How does “killer bean” come out? ( ) A.The pesticide causes many deaths of bugs. B.People eat beans that are infected by bugs. C.Farmers use chemicals to kill bugs improperly. D.Bugs ruin beans within a short time.
4.Which statement of the following is NOT true? ( )
A.Insects in the bags will soon use up the air and then die.
B.The airtight plastic bags currently sold at the market do not last long. C.The project provides the farmers with the bags for free at present.
D.What farmers can earn from the use of the bag is far more than they have to pay.
( D )
(2012青岛高三统一质量检测)
Going on a date can be a nightmare for the best of us.But now a pair of ‘social X-Ray’ glasses promises to tell you exactly what the other person is thinking-and when you should stop talking.
The glasses have a built-in camera which monitors the other person’s facial expressions and matches them up with 24 known features which convey emotions.It will then tell the individual via an earpiece and lights on the glasses what their date is thinking.In a traffic light-style system,a red light means negative,yellow means they are a bit interested and green means your date is happy.The glasses are under development at present by researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s Media Lab.
They say that wearing them during a conversation with another person is like having an ‘extra sense’that they are bored or losing interest.
The eyewear was developed for people suffering from autism (孤独症) who have much difficulty interacting with others,but now the team behind it has seen wider applications.It works thanks to a camera the size of a grain of rice which is put into the glasses frame and connected via a wire to a small computer which can be attached to the user’s body.The camera monitors how long and how often 24 ‘feature points’appear on the subject’s face which are then analyzed by software developed by the MIT team.
This data is then compared with a bank of expressions and the computer tells the wearer what is going on via the earpiece and the traffic light system.
So far the glasses are still a job in progress and have been accurate just percent of the time,a figure which is expected to improve with further tests. 1.The passage mainly tells us that .
A.going on a date can be a nightmare for the best of us
B.scientists are showing more and more concern to people suffering from autism C.the glasses will be more and more popular
D.the scientists are working on a new type of glasses to help people going on a date 2.Which of the following is true according to the passage?( )
A.The glasses were initially intended for helping people going on a date. B.The glasses are widely used and have achieved great success. C.The built-in camera in the glasses is of great importance. D.People wearing the glasses are sure to have a good date.
3.The underlined word “interacting” in Paragraph 4 can be replaced by . A.communicating B.reacting C.affecting D.acting
4.Which is right according to Paragraph 2?( ) A.Red=negative yellow=neutral green=positive B.Red=positive yellow=neutral green=negative C.Red=neutral yellow=positive green=negative D.Red=negative yellow=positive green=neutral 5.The passage is probably from . A.a guide book B.an autobiography book C.a leaflet D.a scientific report
( E )
(2013安徽“江南十校”高三联考)
US scientists have fixed experimental sensors (传感器) in some cities to map wind patterns and provide possible lifesaving information in a chemical or biological attack.
Two test models,in the form of nine-meter high aluminum (铝) towers,are now undergoing testing in New York City,one in Greenwich Village and the other near Times Square.
Half a dozen similar sensors have been fixed in and around Washington. Simulations (模仿) of terrorist attacks carried out since the Sep.11,2001 attacks have stressed the importance of finding out as soon as possible those areas that would be most affected by giving out poisonous gas or radioactive material into the air.
Now,the only reliable sources of information on wind speeds and direction are major airports,which are generally located too far away from city centers to be of much use.
The experimental sensors measure wind strength and direction 10 times per second.The information is downloaded through the Internet to computers that can turn out a detailed wind map,updated every 15 minutes.
Addressing a recent House of Representatives committee meeting,the director of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA’s) “Air Resources” laboratory,Bruce Hicks,stressed the importance of developing the wind mapping program.
“The wind sensors now being tested were produced by scientists recognizing there’s a real problem and we’d better start handling it fast or else we’ll get into trouble.”Hicks said.
Funds(资金) during the testing period had been provided by the new Department for Homeland Security which will decide whether to fix sensor networks in major US cities,if the experiment should have positive results.
1.The purpose of developing the wind mapping program is to . A.get lifesaving information during terrorist attacks
B.get useful information about weather changes C.map the speed and direction of the wind D.prevent possible terrorist attacks
2.According to the text,the information from major airports is . A.slowly downloaded B.not quite reliable C.quickly updated D.not very useful
3.From the text,we can learn that the wind mapping program . A.has been put into practical use B.is being experimented
C.is just an idea under discussion D.has finally failed for lack of money 4.What is the text mainly about?( )
A.Scientists’ mapping wind to sense terrorist attacks. B.Whether wind mapping program is useful or not. C.How the wind mapping program works. D.The importance of wind mapping program.
说理议论
( A )
(2013浙江温州高三第一次适应性测试)
Have you ever wished for a thirty-hour day? Surely this extra time would relieve the tremendous pressure which we live.Our lives leave a trail of unfinished tasks.Unanswered letters,unvisited friends,unwritten articles,and unread books haunt quiet moments when we stop to evaluate.We desperately need relief.
But would a thirty-hour day really solve the problem? Wouldn’t we soon be just as frustrated as we are now with our twenty-four allotment? A mother’s work is never finished,and neither is that of any manager,student,teacher,minister,or anyone else we know.Nor will the passage of time help us catch up.Children grow in number and age to require more of our time.Greater experience brings more exacting assignments.So we find ourselves working more and enjoying it less.We are accustomed to working without stop.
When we stop to evaluate,we realize that our dilemma goes deeper than shortage of time; it is basically the problem of priorities (优先顺序).Actually hard work does not hurt us.We all know what it is to go full speed for long hours,totally involved in an important task.The resulting weariness is matched by a sense of achievement and joy.Not hard work,but doubt and misgiving (疑虑) produce anxiety as we review a month or year and become oppressed by the pile of unfinished tasks.We sense demands have driven us onto a reef of frustration.We confess,quite apart from our sins,“we have left undone those things,which we ought to have done; and we have done those things which we ought not to have done.”To do the urgent thing or to finish the important thing,is a sharp question.
Several years ago an experienced cotton-mill manager said to me,“Your greatest danger is letting the urgent things crowd out of the important.” He didn’t realized how hard his maxim hit.It often returns to haunt and rebuke (指责) me by raising the critical problem of priorities.
We live in constant tension between the urgent and the important.The problem is that the important task rarely must be done today,or even this week.The urgent task calls for instant action—endless demands,pressure every hour and day.
A man’s home is no longer his castle; it is no longer a place away from urgent tasks because the telephone breaches the walls with imperious (专横的) demands.The momentary appeal of these tasks seems irresistible and important,and they devour our energy.But in the light of time’s perspective their deceptive prominence fades; with a sense of loss we recall the important tasks pushed aside.We realize we’ve become slaves to the “tyranny () of the urgent.”
1.The reason why we sometimes wish to have a thirty-hour day is that we . A.have too much work to complete B.need more time to enjoy our lives C.need longer hours to ease pressure D.are used to working without stop
2.From Paragraph 3,we find anxiety increases when we . A.stop to think about our dilemma B.go full speed working at our task C.are doing meaningless things D.recall lots of unfinished work
3.The motto that hits the writer tells us . A.to finish the urgent and the important thing B.to avoid the urgent pushing out the important C.the urgent thing shouldn’t be done instantly D.the important thing is different from the urgent
4.The writer presents the article to remind us that . A.the urgent is not always to come first B.the problem of time shortage is tough C.the important is not always depressing D.the way to deal with the urgent is hard
( B )
(2013浙江奉化中学高三上学期期中考试)
A few months ago as I wandered through my parents’ house,the same house I grew up in,I had a sudden,scary realization.When my parents bought the house,in 1982,they were only two years older than I am now.I tried to imagine myself in two years,ready to settle down and buy the house I’d still be living in almost 30 years later.
It seemed ridiculous.On a practical level,there’s no way I could afford to buy a house anytime soon.More importantly,I wouldn’t want to.I’m not sure where I’ll be living in two years,or what kind of job I’ll have.And I don’t think I’ll be ready to settle down and stay in one place.
So this is probably the generation gap that divides my friends and me from our parents.When our parents were our age,they’d gotten their education,chosen a career,and were starting to settle into responsible adult lives.
My friends and I—“Generation Y”—still aren’t sure what we want to do with our lives.Whatever we end up doing,we want to make sure we’re happy doing it.We’d rather take risks first,try out different jobs,and move from one city to another until we find our favorite place.We’d rather spend our money on travel than put it in a savings account.
This casual attitude toward responsibility has caused some critics to call my generation “arrogant”,“impatient”,and “overprotected”.Some of these complaints have a point.As children we were encouraged to succeed in school,but also to have
fun.We grew up in a world full of technological innovation: cellphones,the Internet,instant messaging,and video games.
Our parents looked to rise vertically (垂直的) —starting at the bottom of the ladder and slowly making their way to the top,on the same track,often for the same company.That doesn’t apply to my generation.
Because of that,it may take us longer than our parents to arrive at
responsible,stable adulthood.But that’s not necessarily a bad thing.In our desire to find satisfaction,we will work harder,strive for ways to keep life
interesting,and gain a broader set of experiences and knowledge than our parents’ generation did.
By Ariel Lewiton
1.When the author walked through her parents’ house,she . A.was frightened that she had no idea what she wanted from life B.started to think about her own life C.realized I should buy a house.
D.wondered why her parents had settled down early
2.What is the main “generation gap” between the author and her friends and their parents according to the article?( ) A.Their attitude toward high technology. B.Their ways of making their way to the top. C.Their attitude towards responsibility. D.Their ways of gaining experience.
3.Which of the following might the author agree with?( ) A.It’s all right to try more before settling down. B.It’s better to take adult responsibility earlier. C.It involves too much effort to rise vertically.
D.It’s ridiculous to call her generation “arrogant”. 4.What can we conclude from the article?( )
A.The author is envious of her parents enjoying a big house at her age. B.Growing up in a hi-tech world makes “Generation Y” feel insecure about relationships.
C.“Generation Y” people don’t want to grow up and love to be taken care of by their parents.
D.The author wrote this article so that others would be able to understand her generation better.
5.What is the main theme of the article?( ) A.The sudden realization of growing up.
B.A comparison between lifestyles of generations. C.Criticisms of the young generation.
D.The factors that have changed the young generation.
( C )
(2013四川广元普高第一次高考适应性统考)
There is a problem each of us faces in following advice on emotional healing: apologizing is difficult. We are trapped in what we think of ourselves by holding onto our pride. We can be selfish and not willing to admit our most obvious mistakes. Pride eats away at us as we argue or ignore the mistake.
It’s happened to me. I have had too much pride and selfishness to apologize to a loved one I hurt. When I did want to apologize, I couldn’t bring myself to
face the other person. This is the pride I’m talking about. Maybe apologies come difficult for men because they’re expected to be dominant (占优势的).It’s like the joke that a man never asks for directions when lost. Ladies are more emotionally open than guys and are willing to express it. Still, both genders wonder how to correctly apologize.
In shifting (改变)the focus on apologizing away from you, what does not apologizing do to other people? They feel hurt that you are not willing to communicate your mistake. They lose trust in you as you hide behind your mistake avoiding reality. They become angry with you, wondering why you will not tell them the truth. They may begin to counter your lack of apologies by not apologizing themselves and from this the relationship goes downhill as the two of you get caught in a power struggle.
You need to communicate your mistakes. A mistake you made is like a scratch and by not apologizing you are making the scratch a deeper wound and rubbing salt into it. You need to stop hurting the other person and yourself by learning to apologize. There is real power in apologizing and emotional healing.
1.People find it hard to apologize for their mistakes because of their A.emotional feeling B.sticking to their pride C.making argument D.being trapped in lies
2.Why are men more unwilling to make apologies?( ) A.They don’t intend to hurt other people. B.They expect others to forgive them. C.They don’t want to be considered weak. D.They aren’t good at expressing themselves.
3.What bad effect will there be if you refuse to apologize for your mistakes?( ) A.Other people won’t pay attention to you. B.You will lose confidence in yourself.
C.You won’t be forgiven even if you tell the truth. D.The friendship will get hurt and go worse.
4.From the last paragraph, it can be inferred that A.communication can stop your making mistakes B.mistakes would turn into deeper scratches
C.apologizing is good for you and the other person
D.apologizing is the most powerful in emotional healing
( D )
(2013安徽名校联盟高三第一次联考)
Well, to pick up where we left off last time, I believe now we might all agree that self-improvement is of great benefit for each of us. However, there are lots of stops along the road to self-improvement, which often calls for patience, emotional strength and kindness.With concentrated effort, you can become a better person than you ever thought possible.
1. .Nice people always put themselves in the other person’s shoes. If the service is a little slow, maybe it’s because the waitress has been standing for 8 hours and her back and feet are aching.Perhaps her little baby isn’t feeling well and she got very little sleep the night before.In a word, you never know the full story from a brief meeting with a person.
2.Be a reasonable man. Service-centered businesses often live by the idea “The Customer is Always Right.” They’re totally mistaken. The customer is not always right; sometimes the customer is quite difficult to deal with. You do not “deserve”
a free meal because the waitress forgot to bring you a spoon. If you have a grievance, let it out, but be reasonable.
3.Fight fairly. When arguing with another person, stick to the subject. Present the facts briefly, and don’t bring up unrelated incidents that happened 4 weeks from last Tuesday. Never hesitate to create a chance for other people to voice their opinions. They are just as important as yours.
4.Put others first. Let the troubled-looking Mom have the parking space. Stand a few extra seconds holding the door for an elderly person. Don’t interrupt people when they’re speaking, or finish their sentences for them. Such small things, yet the effects are immediate and far-reaching.Nice people make a concentrated effort to be kind and put others needs above their own.Stop a moment and think how you can help someone, and you’ll become a nicer person.
1.What might the speaker most probably discuss last time?( ) A.The origin of self-improvement. B.The process of self-improvement. C.The structure of self-improvement. D.The importance of self-improvement.
2.The best title for the second paragraph is “ ”. A.Be understanding B.Stay calm
C.Be positive D.Be merciless
3.The underlined word “grievance” in Paragraph 3 is the closest in meaning to .
A.mistake B.complaint C.commitment D.decision
4.Which of the following may the speaker support? ( ) A.Learn to share the other person’s point of view. B.Put forward relevant facts in detail when arguing. C.Make your voice heard when others are speaking.
D.Involve your own matters with others’ when arguing.
( E )
(2013浙江金华一中高三月考)
One of the biggest challenges facing students and their families is what career they should enter and what is the best path for them to take.
I was talking to someone the other day who told me he first studied accounting because that was what everyone was studying several years ago. It was and some say still is a reliable career. However, then he told me that he was now studying financial investment because again—that’s what everyone was studying now and it was needed if he wanted to get ahead in the company.
And I asked him what he was actually interested in and then—well the
conversation kind of died. So I asked why he had bothered studying accounting in the first place and he explained that it was his parents’ idea. Finally I asked what his passion was and he wasn’t too sure because he never thought about it.
And so it is—lifelong learning—or the continual need to make ourselves marketable in a world that appears to be more competitive as time goes by. Is there a secret to help us so we can live a life of quality?
Regardless or not at this stage in world history with increasing connection between people, ideas and markets—the ability to match the needs and desires of the day with your own skills and products is a tremendous and vigorous challenge.
Many have gone into English or foreign language study because it was encouraged at the time when China was entering the WTO. Or maybe they were interested in international affairs or working abroad. Upon graduation they then faced the reality that there was a limit to how many jobs they could apply for.
Perhaps some then studied further doing courses for work such as a tour guide or translator/ interpreter. Many may have decided that going into teaching was more rewarding or stable. Others would have gone into media or advertising or conference management and acquired new skills along the way.
This constant quest to remain ahead of the game makes many upset and exhausted. Some futurists who examine technology have even predicted that people should expect to change careers six or seven times during their lifetime!
So if you are concerned by the nature of change, why not start spending more time looking at the most modern leading economies, institutions and their
publications. A whole lot of changes are starting to happen yet there is no reason why this cannot be enjoyable, exciting and also rewarding. Our attitude, approach and willingness to continually learn and update our skills must remain strong.
My tip is to track the work that our government is setting about to achieve. In particular, look at the people who have been chosen as the key support team and try to read behind the light surface news and look at their career development and examine the recent reports that they are now recommending the government move towards. Key industry development, new ways of dealing with information and new demands are creating opportunities for the students and workers of tomorrow—if we stay prepared.
1.Who is this article intended for?( ) A.Government administrators.
B.Students planning their careers. C.Foreign language learners. D.Professors designing courses. 2.The case of the student who first studied accounting and then financial investment shows .
A.many people decide their majors without knowing their own interest
B.parents’ decisions are always blind and will result in a life of low quality C.accounting and financial investment are necessary to ensure a reliable career. D.people never have a chance to think about their own interest in choosing career. 3.In the writer’s opinion, to make yourself competitive in the changing world today is .
A.exhausting B.disappointing C.unbelievable D.necessary
4.According to the writer, opportunities brought by the changing world can be exciting if .
A.we are prepared for the changes
B.we know who President has on his support team
C.we read the publications of advanced institutions D.we learn English or some other foreign languages
广告说明
( A )
(2013四川南充高三第一次适应性考试)
Just in time for Christmas, Claire Green of Parents’ Choice Foundation, a non-profit guide to quality children’s media and toys, offers some of 2012’s best toys, surely to attract the imagination and develop playful learning—for a variety of age ranges and budgets.
The Baby Chimp and Polar Bear Cub ( ages 5 +,$19. 99).Two lovable and realistic-looking toys will never be put on the playroom’s endangered species list.
Recycled Cardboard Dollhouse ( ages 4 +, $29. 99, Creativity for Kids), Markers, stickers , furniture and more let little ones do the decorating. Even the box itself becomes part of the house.
My Take Along Farm ( $ .99) and My Take Along Puppet Theater (ages 4 +, $49. 99, Playmobil; batteries required). Self-contained and ready to go, these play sets are the essence of fun and learning. Farm animals include a pig with baby pigs and rabbits with a cage. The puppet theater comes with figures, backdrops, even sound effects with music, applause and laughter (2 x 1.5V- AAA batteries required for sound).
Leapster Explorer (ages 4 -9,$ 69.99) . This toy delivers games, videos and e-books. The display is clear, the look is child-friendly and the learning is fun. One free downloadable game and USB are included.The Leapfrog library offers a growing list of games, programs, a camera, video recorder and more.
Spy Video TRAKR (ages 8 + , $ 129. 95). This first-ever programmable remote-controlled car digitally delivers color video ,audio and data, comes
pre-loaded with programs that let you see in the dark ( Night Vision). Go online to post and trade your favorite programs and program the TRAKR to do exactly what you want it to do.
1.The passage is mainly about . A.Christmas presents B.best parents
C.a non-profit guide D.2012’s best toys
2.Of all the toys, the cheapest one is . A.The Baby Chimp and Polar Bear Cub B.Recycled Cardboard Dollhouse C.My Take Along Farm D.Leapster Explorer
3.Leapster Explorer and Spy Video TRAKR have a lot in common EXCEPT . A.they are suitable for children of nine years old B.both of them are able to play videos and games C.they both offer programs online to download D.both of them are one of the best toys of 2012 4.What’s special about Spy Video TRAKR?( ) A.It’s good for imagination and learning. B.It encourages children to love animals. C.It can be played in the day and at night. D.It looks very lovely as part of the house.
( B )
(2013成都高三第一次诊断性考试)
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Hurry! Call us now to get this cheap flight deal. Call Southall Travel 24/7 to book cheap flights. 1.If you like to enjoy wonderful nights with friends, you’ll probably book the ticket to
A.New York or San Francisco B.New York or Sydney
C.Chinatown or Bondi Beach D.Sydney or San Francisco
2.According to the author, Sydney is best known for . A.its beaches and surfing
B.its business as well as arts C.the Opera House
D.the Botanical Gardens
3.How can you book the flight tickets?( ) A.By phone. B.On the Internet.
C.With a personal visit. D.Through a hotel. 4.What is the main purpose of the passage?( ) A.To introduce three famous cities.
B.To attract tourists to book flights. C.To introduce some travel experts. D.To recommend tourist activities.
( C )
(2013安徽合肥第一次质检)
Ottawa is the capital of Canada. It is the second largest city in Ontario and the fourth largest city in the country.
The Centre Block is the main building on Parliament Hill (国会山). It is also the location of several ceremonial spaces, such as the Hall of Honor and the Memorial Chamber. The present Centre Block is the second iteration of the building,after the first was destroyed by fire in 1916,and it is one of the most recognizable buildings in Canada.
Downtown Ottawa is the commercial and economic centre of the city. Most of the buildings are office towers. While most of Ottawa’s high tech industry is based elsewhere, it has a significant presence in the downtown core. The downtown also contains a number of apartments, hotels, and the older single family homes and townhouses along its edges.
The National Gallery of Canada is one of Canada’s premier art galleries. The Gallery has a large and varied collection of paintings, drawings, sculpture and photographs. Although its focus is on Canadian art, it also holds works by some noted American and European artists.
The Rideau Canal is the oldest continuously operated canal system in North America. At the very beginning,the purpose of the Rideau Canal was military, as it was intended to provide a secure supply and communication route between Montreal and the British naval base in Kingston. It remains in use today primarily for pleasure boating, with most of its original structures remained. The locks on the system open for navigation in mid-May and close in mid-October.
1.What does “iteration” probably mean in the 2nd paragraph?( ) A.Repair B.Design C.Copy D.Landmark
2.In the core of Downtown Ottawa, we could see . A.a large number of tall towers
B.head offices of Ottawa’ s high tech industry C.a number of apartments and hotels
D.the older single family homes and townhouses
3.Collections in the National Gallery of Canada are mainly . A.paintings and drawings B.sculpture and photographs C.works by Canadian artists
D.artwork by Americans and European
4.Which of the following is true about the Rideau Canal? ( ) A.It is the oldest canal system in North America B.It was originally for the military purpose C.The original structures remain never changed D.People can only go boating from May to October
( D )
(2013四川南充高三第一次适应性考试)
If you love adventure and excitement, then Hunter’s best-selling Warriors series is for you. The fantasy books follow four cat clans (部落)as they try to survive
in the wilderness. In the newest book Thunder Clan warrior,Ash fur has been
mysteriously murdered. This sets three warrior cats named Holly leaf, Lion blaze and Jay feather on a journey to find the killer.
The three friends must deal with other problems, too. Jay feather is searching for his parents, but he must struggle against many lies to find them. Holly leaf encounters her own barriers when her clan refuses to follow the warrior rule. And Lion blaze discovers some unbelievable secrets. Besides, the cats face many dangers and the chance that another warrior will disappear forever.
“Hunter” is really a pen name for Victoria Holmes and two other authors, Kate Cary and Cherith Baldry. They chose Hunter to cover the three of them because of Red Wall ,a very successful book written by Brian Jacques. It is a similar animal fantasy about rats and mice. Because Warriors was going to fit into that bracket ( 类别,等级),they wanted their books to go into the bookshelves next to his. So they needed a name alphabetically that would be close to Jacques. Hunter fits perfectly.
“ My favorite character is Jay feather. You never know if he is on the side of the angels or not. He’s got a quite dark side about him. In terms of the cat that I would like to be my best friend, that would be Cinder pelt. She is so cool. She has a great sense of humor and she is a good medicine cat. Even if she isn’t a warrior, she tries to make the best of her destiny (命运). I really admire that in her,” said Victoria Holmes, one of the authors.
1.The three warrior cats go on a journey mainly to . A.survive in the wilderness
B.protect another warrior from disappearing C.find the killer that murdered Ash fur D.look for some adventure and excitement
2.From the second paragraph,we can learn that . A.Jay feather likes to tell lies and isn’t trusted B.the warrior rule of Holly leaf’s clan is terrible C.the journey is not easy for the three cats
D.there are lots of unbelievable secrets among the clans 3.The authors chose Hunter as the pen name because . A.the book is about the hunting of cats
B.they all admired the fantasy author Brian Jacques
C.the books should be placed into the bookshelves marked as “H”
D.they wanted their books to be best-sellers just like Jacques’ Red Wall 4.Which of the following is NOT true about Cinder pelt according to Victoria Holmes?( )
A.She has a sense of humor.
B.She is on the side of the angels.
C.She attempts to make the best of her destiny. D.She is a good medicine cat.
( E )
(2012山东济南高三3月模拟)
The National Park Service in the United States will mark its one hundredth anniversary in 2016.As it nears its second century,the Park Service plans to increase its educational programs for students and teachers.
The plans include transportation support for one hundred thousand students each year to visit national parks to learn about nature and history.Yellowstone is believed to have been the world’s first national park when it was established in 1872.Other students will get a chance to see parks in faraway places through Skype and other online programs.
The National Park Service also works with partners to provide education.One of its partners is a nonprofit organization called NatureBridge.NatureBridge is celebrating its fortieth anniversary and says one million young people have taken part in its programs.The organization works with students from kindergarten through twelfth grade and uses national parks as its classrooms.It provides field science programs at Yosemite National Park and four other locations in California and the northwestern state of Washington.
Now,NatureBridge is launching an East Coast center with a four-million-dollar grant from Google.The program will begin in April at the Prince William Forest Park in Virginia.Students stay for three to five days in NatureBridge programs.The activities are aimed at developing their science skills.For example,they learn about different soils and study water quality under a microscope.Jason Morris,executive vice president of NatureBridge says when they are not sleeping,eating or in a laboratory,the students spend their time outdoors.
Julia Washburn is associate director of education and interpretation for the National Park Service.She says in a time of budget cuts,the agency has to find ways to still meet its goals.And one of the most important services that the Park Service provides every day is nature interpretation. 1.The text is intended to tell us that .
A.the National Park Service will celebrate its 100th anniversary B.more educational programs will be started in national parks C.NatureBridge plans to work with the National Park Service D.students are encouraged to learn about nature and history
2.Which of the following is true of the National Park Service?( ) A.It plans to make NatureBridge its branch. B.It provides programs for college students. C.It was established earlier than Yellowstone. D.It offered some educational programs before. 3.According to the text,NatureBridge . A.finances all the programs alone B.is aimed at laboratory activities C.has benefited quite a lot of students D.provides online field science programs
4.What will be further talked about after the last paragraph?( ) A.Ways to raise money. B.Budget cuts.
C.Nature interpretation. D.Better services.
5.You can probably read this text in the section of . A.Travel B.Education C.Entertainment D.Health
第一组(限时35分钟)
( A )
(2013四川成都石室中学高三一诊模拟)
Due to the increasing number of violence acts produced in schools all over the world,more and more parents prefer to have their children educated at home rather than at school.This way they can assure their safety and well-being,although teachers and school representatives are trying to improve the situation in schools by increasing the number of the persons in charge with the safety of the students.
The main reason for violence acts are the films and cartoons that fill the children’s time.They want to do everything they watch on TV and never think about the consequences,and they may hurt a classmate or a teacher.
On the other hand,parents are not fully satisfied with the children’s results obtained in classes and they consider private classes would have better results.
When a teacher has to watch 30 students in class,he can’t probably see what each of them is doing,how he is writing,or if he understands the explanations.At home the teacher can explain in details everything the child doesn’t understand as many times as he considers properly.
And many times,the child grows fond of the teacher at home,who becomes his best friend,and who helps him whenever he needs someone to talk to.
However,the best solution would be a mixture between the education received at school and that at home,because school makes children communicate and
socialize.Keeping a child at home for fear that there might happen something bad to him only makes the child’s character weak and prevents him from knowing what real life is.Staying in a crystal ball only does harm to the child.
All in all,schools have been created to help children,not to harm them,so it’s best to keep children in these special places,where they learn,laugh,have fun and make new friends.
1.The writer’s purpose in writing the text is to . A.teach parents the ways to keep their children safe B.show solutions to developing children’s character C.explain the main reason for violence acts in schools D.analyze an education problem and give opinions
2.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?( ) A.Advantages and Disadvantages of Private Classes B.Who is to Blame,Parents or Schools?
C.Which is Better,School Study or Home Study D.The Relationship between Teachers and Children
3.What does the underlined part“a crystal ball”in the passage refer to?( ) A.A toy that can be used for entertainment. B.A safe and comfortable environment. C.An object that is made of crystal. D.A setback that is hard to overcome.
4.We can know from the passage that .
A.violence TV programs have bad effects on children’s behavior B.the teacher at home is more patient than the teacher at school C.children today are weak from lack of sense of right and wrong D.there are too many students in class for a teacher to teach
( B )
(2013浙江杭州萧山区五校高三上学期期中联考)
One of the main challenges facing many countries is how to maintain their identity in the face of globalization and the growing multi-language trend.“One of the main reasons for economic failure in many African countries is the fact that,with a few important exceptions,mother-tongue education is not practiced in any of the independent African states.” said Neville Alexander,Director of the Project for the Study of Alternative Education in South Africa at the University of Cape Town.
In response to the spread of English and the increased multi-language trends arising from immigration,many countries have introduced language laws in the last decade.In some countries,the use of languages other than the national language is banned in public spaces such as advertising posters.One of the first such legal provisions was the 1994 “Toubon law” in France,and the idea has been copied in many countries since then.Such efforts to govern language use are often considered as futile by language experts,who are well aware of the difficulty in controlling fashions in speech and know from research that language switching among bilinguals is a natural process.
It is especially difficult for native speakers of English to understand the desire to maintain the “purity” of a language by law.Since the time of Shakespeare,English has continually absorbed foreign words into its own
language.English is one of the most mixed and rapidly changing languages in the world,but that has not been a barrier to acquiring superiority and power.Another reason for the failure of many native English speakers to understand the role of the state regulation is that it has never been the Anglo-Saxon way of doing things.English has never had a state-controlled authority for the language,similar,for example,to the Academic Francaise in France.
The need to protect national languages is,for most western Europeans,a recent phenomenon—especially the need to ensure that English does not unnecessarily take over too many fields.Public communication,education and new ways of communication promoted by technology,may be key fields to defend. 5.Neville Alexander believes that .
A.mother-tongue education is not practiced in all African countries B.globalization has resulted in the economic failure of Africa C.globalization has led to the rise of multi-language trend D.lack of mother-tongue education can lead to economic failure 6.The underlined word “futile” (in paragraph 2) most probably means “ ”. A.workable B.practical C.useless D.unnecessary 7.Why do many English-speaking countries not support the language protection efforts described in the passage?( )
A.They have a long history of taking words from other languages. B.They want their language to spread to other countries. C.They think language protection laws are ineffective.
D.It reduces a language’s ability to acquire international importance. 8.What can we infer from the last paragraph?( )
A.English has taken over fields like public communication and education. B.Many aspects of national culture are threatened by the spread of English.
C.Most language experts believe it is important to promote a national language. D.Europeans have long realized the need to protect a national language. 9.The best title for the passage is . A.Fighting against the rule of English
B.Protecting local languages and identities C.Globalization and multi-language trend D.To maintain the purity of language by law
( C )
(2013浙江诸暨中学高三上学期期中考试)
It was a cold night in December.Two beggars were sitting on a busy street corner in the downtown section of the city.The cold wind made them huddle together for heat and comfort.They watched helplessly as scores of people walked by,some ignoring them on purpose and others too caught up in their own cares to even notice their existence.Every so often,a kind-hearted woman or a small child would drop a few coins in the hats which lay in front of them on the icy sidewalk.Some people,feeling particularly generous,would even pull out a bill or two from their wallets and drop them into the beggars’ hats and then continued their walking.
Today was not a bad day for begging.The men were able to collect enough for a decent meal at the coffee shop down the street and a few candles to light up their shelter in the alley behind the train station.As the crowd began to die down,they started to pack up their bundles and head for their evening shelter.
Just as they were getting ready to leave the street corner,they noticed a man walking toward them.He was obviously a wealthy man—they could tell that from the finely tailored business suit he was wearing and the gold watch chain that adorned(装饰) his left pocket.
The first beggar looked at the second and whispered with excitement,“He’s coming our way!”
The two tried not to look directly at the man as he stepped closer to them,but they couldn’t help gazing up with anticipation as he reached into his pocket and took something out.
“Thunk” was the only sound they heard as what looked like a piece of hard candy,wrapped doubly in tissue paper hit each of their waiting hats.The rich man turned and continued on his way,not making a backward glance.
“How insulting!” said the first beggar,as soon as the rich man was out of sight.“He could have easily left us a few coins or a spare bill,but he played a joke on us with a piece of rock candy.”
He looked at the wrapped offering with disgust.“Who does he think we are—children? There’s no way we can even eat this—we have no teeth.”
The beggar picked up the object with the very tips of his fingers and threw it into the gutter.He watched as it floated a few yards in the stream of muddy water and disappeared into the drain at the end of the street.Then,he gathered up his things and walked away.
The second beggar looked down at the morsel in his hat,then at his departing friend.His first impulse was to toss the donation in the trash can under the street light.But his second thought made him change his mind.
“I haven’t had anything like this for ages,” he thought.“I can’t chew it,but I can suck on it for a while,and the sugary juices will stay in my mouth for a long time.How nice of that man to offer me something so sweet.”
He opened the paper eagerly,then paused as his hands touched the white tissue paper inside.“Maybe I should save it for another time,” he thought.“It won’t spoil,and I could eat it later when I’m really hungry.”
The beggar paused for a moment,then he said aloud,“He wanted me to have it anyway.I might as well enjoy it now.”
With that,he unfolded the white tissue paper,but to his surprise,there was no hard rock candy inside.Instead,into his fingers fell a shiny white pearl worth thousands of dollars.
10.The first paragraph serves as a(n) . A.explanation B.introduction C.comment D.background
11.The two beggars started to leave the street corner when . A.darkness fell B.they felt too cold
C.few people passed by D.the wind began to blow hard
12.The two beggars thought the man was rich from . A.his way of walking B.his appearance C.the jewellery he wore D.the shiny shoes
13.What did the first beggar think of the rich man?( ) A.He was too mean
B.He was very kind and warm-hearted D.He treated them as children D.He looked down upon the poor.
14.The underlined words “the morsel in his hat” probably refer to . A.the food the second beggar left over B.the coins the second beggar collected
C.the rock candy the rich man gave the second beggar D.the donation from the rich man
15.What can we learn from the story?( )
A.He that can have patience can have what he will B.Patience is the best remedy for every trouble. C.He who laughs last laughs best D.Every dog has its day.
( D )
(2012浙江瑞安中学高三5月适应性测试)
Many people have never heard of Mesothelioma and are unaware of its
symptoms.Although considered a rare form of cancer,each year the number of cases grows.With the prevalence(流行)of this disease on the rise,it is critical to understand why and how Mesothelioma develops and what courses of action can be taken in the event of diagnosis.The following is a list of frequently asked questions and answers that will provide you with some information on Mesothelioma,and the legal issues surrounding it.
What is Mesothelioma?
Mesothelioma is the term used to describe a cancerous tumor found in the mesothelial cells of an organ.The organs where this form of cancer is most commonly
found are the lungs,heart and abdominal organs.Pleural Mesothelioma is cancer of the lung lining(组织,膜)and is the most common form of Mesothelioma.
What causes Mesothelioma?
Mesothelioma is almost always caused by exposure to asbestos(石棉).Asbestos is often found in building materials used before the mid 1970’s.In addition,materials such as pipes,boiler insulation,floor,ceiling and roof tiles may contain asbestos.
How much asbestos exposure will cause Mesothelioma?
Generally,the probability of developing this form of cancer is in accordance with the length of time you are exposed to asbestos.Also,your health is at risk if your exposure to asbestos is intense.It should be noted that Mesothelioma has a latency(潜伏)period of 20 to 50 years.This means that you may develop the disease long after your exposure to asbestos.On average,people tend to develop Mesothelioma somewhere between 35 and 40 years after exposure.
How quickly does Mesothelioma progress?
The onset of Mesothelioma is quite slow.Patients will begin to experience symptoms such as lower back pain and chest pain.These symptoms may also be accompanied by weight loss,fever and difficulty breathing.Unfortunately,once Mesothelioma develops,it quickly becomes aggressive and treatment must be sought immediately.
Can Mesothelioma be treated?
Doctors are able to use several traditional methods of cancer treatment for Mesothelioma,including surgery,chemotherapy and radiation.Like all forms of
cancer,detecting the disease at the earliest stage possible greatly increases the patient’s chances for survival.If you have worked in an industry such as construction or suspect that you may have been exposed to asbestos,be alert for symptoms and contact your doctor immediately.
What legal courses of action can be taken?
Anyone suffering from Mesothelioma is entitled(有资格) to compensation(补偿)from asbestos manufacturers.Additionally,if you are the spouse or child of someone who has died from Mesothelioma,you are entitled to file a claim and seek compensation.
16. The author intends to .
A. tell the readers how important it is to know more about Mesothelioma. B.provide more information about Mesothelioma
C.give advice on how to avoid developing Mesothelioma D.tell the readers how terrible Mesothelioma is 17. We can learn from the text that . A.asbestos is to blame for Mesothelioma
B.even if a person is exposed to asbestos for a while,he will die soon C.all the employees can ask for compensation from asbestos manufacturers D.mesothelioma is a cancer familiar to many people
18. The following are the symptoms of Mesothelioma EXCEPT . A.frequent headache B.lower back pain C.chest pain D.difficult breathing
19. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?( ) A.Terrible Mesothelioma B.Mesothelioma is around us
C.Frequently Asked Questions About Mesothelioma D.Mesothelioma is on the rise
20. If you work in an industry exposed to asbestos,you should . A.give up the job immediately B.ask for a rise from your boss
C.file a claim and seek compensation
D.go to hospital and have your body examined
第二组(限时35分钟)
( A )
(2013浙江嘉兴高三一模)
One day,Mr.Arnold was teaching a lesson,and things were going as normally as ever.He was explaining the story of mankind to his pupils.He told them that,in the beginning,men were nomads; they never stayed in the same place for very
long.Instead ,they would travel about,here and there,in search of food,wherever it was to be found.And when the food ran out,they would move off somewhere else.
He taught them about the invention of farming and keeping animals.This was an important discovery,because by learning to cultivate (耕作)the land,and care for animals,mankind would always have food steadily available.It also meant that people could remain living in one place,and this made it easier to set about tasks that would take a long while to complete,like building towns,cities,and all that were in them.All the children were listening attracted by this story,until Lucy jumped up:
“And if that was so important and improved everything so much,why are we nomads all over again,Mr.Arnold?”
Mr.Arnold didn’t know what to say.Lucy was a very intelligent girl.He knew that she lived with her parents in a house,so she must know that her family were not nomads; so what did she mean?
“We have all become nomads again,” continued Lucy,“The other day,outside the city,they were cutting the forest down.A while ago a fisherman told me how they fish.It’s the same with everyone: when there’s no more forest left the foresters go elsewhere,and when the fish run out the fishermen move on.That’s what the nomads did,isn’t it?”
The teacher nodded,thoughtfully.Really,Lucy was right.Mankind had turned into nomads.Instead of looking after the land in a way that we could be sure it would keep supplying our needs,we kept developing it until the land was bare.And then off we would go to the next place! The class spent the rest of the afternoon talking about what they could do to show how to be more civilized.
The next day everyone attended class wearing a green T-shirt,with a message that said “I am not a nomad!”
And,from then on,they set about showing that indeed they were not.Every time they knew they needed something,they made sure that they would get it using care and control.If they needed wood or paper,they would make sure that they got the recycled kind.They ordered their fish from fish farms,making sure that the fish they received were not too young and too small.They only used animals that were well cared for,and brought up on farms.
And so,from their little town,those children managed to give up being nomads again,just as prehistoric men had done,so many thousands of years ago. 1.Why would early humans travel about in the beginning?( ) A.To experience different lifestyles. B.To go sightseeing in different places.
C.To find what they could to feed themselves. D.To do more exercise to build themselves up. 2.From Paragraph 2,we can know that . A.people got tired of living in the same place B.people gradually got used to living in cities
C.people spent a long time in learning to keep animals D.people tended to settle down after learning farming
3.In the teacher’s opinion ,Lucy’s argument was . A.reasonable B.ridiculous C.puzzling D.shocking
4.Which of the following agrees with the message “I am not a nomad” (Paragraph 7)?( )
A.People eat young fish for its delicious taste. B.People use recycled materials as much as possible. C.Fishermen move elsewhere when there is no fish left. D.Foresters leave the place where wood is not available.
( B )
(2013山东临沂高三一模)
One day several years ago,Josie went to meet her sister from her local Harvester pub in Brentwood,Essex,where they both worked.A few men came up with gulls in their hands.The robbers then tied up their arms and legs and told them to get down on the ground,while they raided the restaurant,fleeing with ￡1,000.
“As I lay on the ground I felt helpless and ashamed as they took time out to laugh at me,calling me fat cow,”Josie said.Shortly after that she was able to untie herself and raise the alarm,but it was just the beginning of her nightmare.
“I was too terrified to go back to work,so I had to leave.I slept with the light on for more than a year.My confidence was totally destroyed.At school people would call me fatty and shout nasty things.When the robber called me fatty that night,it just brought all those horrible memories back.”Over the next few months Josie ate more and piled on more pounds as she tried to cope with the sufferings.
Two years went by and Josie stuck to the same bad habits,which worried her family a lot.In order to wipe the cloud off and cheer her up,her sister suggested a trip.It wasn’t until returning from the family holiday on the island of Aruba that she decided to take action once and for all and signed up for Weight Watchers the next day with her sister.
Eighteen months later,a slimmer and happier Josie flew to Turkey in summer in 2012 with her family,where she met sailor Fatih,26,at a party and the pair:plan to get married next summer.“If you had told me three years ago that I would be marrying a handsome Turkish man,and looking for a size 10 wedding dress,I would have never believed you.”
5.What does the underlined word “raided” mean in the first paragraph?( ) A.robbed B.searched
C.destroyed D.occupied
6.By saying “it was just the beginning of her nightmare”,the author means Josie would .
A.suffer from arm and leg injury B.get laughed at by her schoolmates C.have to pay all the damages
D.suffer from the incident for a long time 7.When did Josie decide to lose weight?( ) A.After she heard the robber’s words. B.When she met the sailor Fatih. C.After she graduated from school.
D.After she finished the tour of Aruba.
8.What can we learn from the last paragraph? ( ) A.Fatih was a member of Weight Watchers.
B.Fatih helped Josie get over her bad habits. C.Josie never imagined her great changes.
D.Josie couldn’t find a proper wedding dress. 9.It can be inferred from the text that . A.Josie was a slim girl when she was in school B.Weight Watchers is a slimming organization C.Josie got fired by the pub after the incident. D.Josie had a wonderful and impressive school life
( C )
(2013浙江杭州萧山区五校高三联考)
At Blossom End Railroad Station,22-year-old Stanley Vine sat,waiting for his new employer.The surrounding green fields were so unlike the muddy landscape of war-torn France.After four horrible years as an army private fighting in
Europe,Stanley had returned to England in February 1946.Armed now with some savings and with no prospects for a job in England,he answered a newspaper ad for farm help in Canada.Two months later he was on his way.
When the old car rumbled toward the tiny station,Stanley rose to his feet,trying to make the most of his five feet and four inches frame.The farmer,Alphonse
Lapine,shook his head and complained,“You’re a skinny thing.” On the way to his dairy farm,Alphonse explained that he had a wife and seven kids.“Money is tight.You’ll get room and board.You’ll get up at dawn for milking,and then help me around the farm until evening milking time again.Ten dollars a week.Sundays off.” Stanley nodded.He had never been on a farm before,but he took the job.
From the beginning Stanley was treated horribly by the whole family.They made fun of the way he dressed and talked.He could do nothing right.The humourless farmer frequently lost his temper,criticizing Stanley for the slightest mistake.The oldest son,13-year-old Armand,constantly played nasty tricks on him.But the kind-hearted Stanley never responded.
Stanley never became part of the Lapine family.After work,they ignored him.He spent his nights alone in a tiny bedroom.However,each evening before retiring,he lovingly cared for the farmer’s horses,eagerly awaiting him at the field gate.He called them his gentle giants.On Saturday nights he hitch-hiked into the nearest
town and wandered the streets or enjoyed a restaurant meal before returning to the farm.
Early one November morning Alphonse Lapine discovered that Stanley had
disappeared,after only six months as his farmhand.The railway station master,when questioned later that week,said he had not seen him.In fact no one in the community ever heard of him again.That is,until one evening,almost 20 years later,when Armand,opened an American sports magazine and came across a shocking headline,“Millionaire jockey,Stanley Vine,ex-British soldier and 5-time horse riding champion,began life in North America as a farmhand in Canada.” 10.Stanley Vine decided to go to Canada because . A.he wanted to escape from war-torn France B.he wanted to serve in the Canadian army C.he couldn’t find a job in England D.he loved working as a farmhand
11.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?( ) A.Stanley joined the French army when he was 18 years old. B.On the farm Stanley had to milk the cows 14 times a week. C.The Lapine family were rich but cruel to Stanley. D.Stanley read about the job offer in a newspaper. 12.What can we infer from the passage?( )
A.When he first met his employer,Stanley tried to impress him but failed. B.Stanley had never worked on a farm,so he made a lot of mistakes. C.Stanley’s weekly salary was not enough for him to live on.
D.Stanley left the farm by train,without telling anyone why he did so. 13.What did Stanley like doing after work each day?( ) A.Hitch-hiking to different towns. B.Caring for the farmer’s horses. C.Wandering around the farm alone. D.Preparing meals on the farm.
14.Why was Armand so astonished when he read about Stanley in the magazine?( ) A.He didn’t know Stanley had been a British soldier. B.He had no idea Stanley had always been a wealthy man. C.He didn’t know his father paid Stanley so little money. D.He didn’t expect Stanley to become such a success.
( D )
(2013浙江重点中谊学校高三期中)
BEIJING-Hailing Mo Yan as the first Chinese citizen that won the Nobel Prize in Literature,the public has started to consider the way to enhance Chinese literature’s global presence.
The prize indicates that Chinese contemporary authors and their works are getting the
world’s attention,which prompts writers and amateurs to continue their work,according to Wang Meng,a renowned Chinese writer.But “the prize came a little late,” said Xue Yongwu,dean of the College of Liberal Arts,Journalism and Communication with Ocean University of China (OUC).There have been many accomplished writers of modern and contemporary literature in China,including Lu Xun,Ba Jin and Mao Dun,who should have won the prize earlier,he noted.China’s splendid ancient literature,which extends thousands of years,has been widely acknowledged across the world.However,the contemporary literature failed to get enough recognition from outside the country due to its short history and complex political influences,he explained.Language has also been a barrier.Only a small proportion of Chinese literature has been translated into foreign languages,mainly English.The quality of some translated editions needs improvement,said Xue.
In addition to language skills,translation requires high-level comprehension and explanation of culture and art.It’s hard for people without any literature background to produce a translation that fully reserves the aesthetic(美学的) sense of the original version,according to Ren Dongsheng,professor with the College of Foreign Languages of OUC.The 57-year-old writer is known for his description of Chinese rural life.The settings for his works range from the 1911 revolution,Japan’s invasion to Cultural Revolution.Mo combines hallucinatory(幻觉的) realism with folk tales,which is more appealing to the taste of Western readers than the styles adopted by many of his peers,such as Yu Hua,Su Tong and Wang Shuo,said Zhang Hongsheng,dean of the Literature Department of the Communication University of China.
However,“Nobel Prize is not the unique standard to judge the achievements of a writer.Prizes presented by different organizations adopt various evaluation criteria,” said Xu Yan,a literature critic.The quality of a literary work is always judged by the topic,language,structure,the way of story-telling,imagination and some other significant elements.People’s tastes vary from different social background and cultural mechanism,she added.
Chinese contemporary literature,which appeared in 1949,has seen a trend of diversification since the country adopted the market economy in 1992.“The prize is a positive sign that the West begins to recognize Chinese literature.But it’s an acknowledgement of individual efforts,and Chinese literature revival still has a long way to go,” said Zhang.Xue called upon Chinese writers to produce quality works with international perspectives.Good literature should reveal social problems and people’s concerns while create the beauty of art.“The society should provide favorable environment for the growth of Chinese writers,” he stressed.Seeking increasing world attention requires Chinese writers to maintain the national characteristics and uniqueness.“Chinese elements are the last to lose in successful writings,” Zhang said.
China’s book market has witnessed booming sales of Mo’s masterpieces over the past days.Zhicheng Classic Bookstore,registered at T-Mall of China’s largest online retailer Taobao.com,said 1,500 volumes of Mo’s latest novel Frog were sold out in six hours after Mo won the prize.The store has received 1,200 reservation orders by 3:30 pm Friday.The book,about China’s family-planning policy,also moved up to
14th from 560th on the list of the most populous book at the Amazon.cn within two days.Cao Yuanyong,deputy editor-in-chief of Shanghai Literature and Art Publishing Group,said the company is producing the new edition of a collection of Mo’s 16 works,which is expected to refill the empty shelves of many book retailers in a week. 15.The article is mainly about . A.Mo Yan’s Nobel win sparks piracy concerns B.Mo Yan’s hometown to hail Nobel success C.Mo Yan sees income soar following Nobel win
D.Mo Yan sparks discussion about Chinese literature
16.The underlined word “renowned” in Paragraph 2 means A.well-known B.critical C.fantastic D.admirable
17.Which of the following is NOT the reason for Chinese contemporary literature failed to win the Nobel Prize in the past from the opinions of Xue Yongwu?( ) A.Short history. B.Individual efforts.
C.Political influences. D.Language translation.
18.According to Zhang Hongsheng,what is the main characteristics of Mo Yan’s works?( )
A.Combining hallucinatory realism with folk tales. B.His description of Chinese urban life.
C.Settings from the 1911 revolution,Japan’s invasion to Cultural Revolution. D.Providing different social background and cultural mechanism.
19.In order to make Chinese contemporary literature better acknowledged across the world,what is the most important from the opinions of Zhang Hongsheng?( ) A.International characteristics. B.International perspectives. C.Chinese elements.
D.Favorable environment.
20.What can we learn from the last paragraph?( )
A.The new edition of a collection of Mo’s 16 works has been sold out. B.Only online bookstores sold out his works after Mo won the prize. C.The novel Frog was listed the most populous book at the Amazon.cn. D.Mo Yan’s works are bestsellers in the bookstores at present.
第三组(限时35分钟)
( A )
(2013高三浙江浙东六校调研试题)
It was September 4,2005.I was in a restaurant in the San Fernando Valley north of Los Angeles,eating dinner with a group of people prior to going to a concert at the Hollywood Bowl.The restaurant was dark,the food was ordinary,and the
conversation was aimless.I found myself uneasy and bored and,as the meal wouldn’t come to a close,I wondered how long it would be before we could leave for the concert.And then a voice caught my ear.
It was Irwin Dubinsky,someone I knew only slightly,but whom I remembered as always having something interesting to say.At the time,Irwin was retired.However he had,for many years,run his own successful business.What I heard took me by surprise.I sat up and looked at him.“What was that you said?”
Irwin turned toward me.“I said,I can talk to a young person and tell you if he or she is going to be successful.”
“You can?”
“Yes,” he replied.“Once I get to know a young person,it’s easy for me to tell if he is destined(注定) to become rich.I’ve been in business a long time,and I’ve hired a lot of people.Over the years,I have observed which ones did well and which ones never seemed to really make it.So when I meet a young man or woman,it’s not hard for me to predict whether or not he or she is going to be successful.”
I thought about this.“So you’re telling me that you can talk to a young person and then tell me if he is going to be rich?”
“That’s exactly what I’m telling you,”said Irwin.
As you can imagine,I was intrigued(好奇).What,I wondered,did Irwin know that I didn’t know? How could he size up a young man or woman so early in life,before his or her career had ever started? Was it really possible to predict whether or not someone would become rich later in life?
I asked Irwin to explain,and for the next half hour I listened carefully and took notes in the margins(边缘) of a piece of newspaper,as Irwin described the 12 qualities that lead to success in life.By the time he finished,I realized that what he had to say was important,in fact,so important I felt obliged(迫使) to share it with as many young people as I could.
Would you like to share with me here Irwin’s advice for young people on how to develop the characteristics that,finally,will make you wealthy and successful? 1.Why was the author eager to go to the concert?( ) A.He was bored with the restaurant staff. B.He was not satisfied with what happened. C.He knew the concert would be exciting. D.Irwin urged him to go there immediately.
2.When the author heard what Irwin said he was . A.shocked B.worried C.discouraged D.silent 3.Why does Irwin think it’s easy to tell if a young person will be successful?( ) A.He has been very successful. B.He’s familiar to young people. C.He is a born fortune teller. D.He has a lot of experience.
4.What did the author decide to do after he heard Irwin’s explanation?( ) A.To express his thanks to Irwin. B.To become a predictor later C.To do something for the young. D.To make himself into a success.
5.What will the author most probably tell us in the next paragraph?( ) A.How Irwin observed young people in the past. B.His advice on how to be a successful person. C.The importance of being successful in life. D.The 12 qualities that lead to success in life.
( B )
(2013浙江嘉兴高三一模)
Below is a selection about how to make friends.
It’s nice to have friends.Sometimes you need one person to talk to.You can play games,hang out or even just talk on the phone.Consider these suggestions to meet people and form strong,lasting friendships.Well,take your time,and don’t rush. ◆Join an organization or a club with people who have common interests.
You don’t necessarily have a lot of common interests with people in order to make friends with them.But if you have something in common with them,it can make it a lot easier to talk to them and plan activities.Whatever your age and whatever your interests,there is an organization or a club for you.Social networking sites such as Facebook,Twitter are also a great way to meet new people and learn more about them.
◆Join a sports team.
As long as you enjoy the sport and support your teammates,joining a local team with a laid-back attitude could be a great way to make new friends.A sports team isn’t the only way.If you play instruments or sing,try joining a band. ◆Make small talk.
Keep the conversation light and cheery.Even if you’re complaining about something,make sure it’s something you’re both dissatisfied with,and emphasize the positive-how such a situation can be avoided in the future.Many conversationalists say that it is good to follow a
30/70(30%talking,70%listening)pattern during small talk when possible. ◆Ask them out for lunch or coffee.
That will give you a better opportunity to talk and get to know each other a little bit better.A good way to extend yourself is to say:“Hey,well,I’ve got to go,but if you ever want to talk over lunch or coffee or anything like that,let me give you my number or e-mail address.”This gives the person the opportunity get in touch with you;they may or may not give you their information in return,but that’s fine.Maybe they don’t have time for new friends-don’t take it personally!Just offer your information to whoever seems to be potentially a good friend,and eventually somebody will get in touch. ◆Be loyal(忠诚的)to a friend
You’ve probably heard of fair-weather friends.They’re the ones who are happy to be around you when things are going well,but are nowhere to be found when you really need them.Part of being a friend is being prepared to spare time and energy in order to help out your friends.If a friend needs help with an unpleasant thing,or if he or she just needs a shoulder to cry on,be there.If your friends make a joke,laugh with them.Never complain about a friend. ◆Be a good listener.
Many people think that in order to be seen as “friend material”they have to appear very interesting.Far more important than this,however,is the ability to show that you’re interested in others.Listen carefully to what people say,remember important details about them(their names,their likes and dislikes),ask questions about their interests,and just take the time to learn more about them.You don’t want to be the guy or girl that always has a better story than anyone else or that changes the subject suddenly instead of continuing the flow of conversation. ◆Be trustworthy
One of the best things about having a friend is that you have someone to whom you can talk about anything,even secrets that you hide from the rest of the world.The
key to being a good friend is the ability to keep secrets,so it’s no secret that you shouldn’t tell other people things that were told to you in confidence. 6.According to the given information,what quality do you need to have if you want to make friends?( ) A.Patience. B.Curiosity. C.Bravery. D.Humor.
7.Those who can enjoy a happy life together but it’s hard to go through hardness hand in hand are .
A.loyal friends B.close friends
C.dishonest friends D.fair-weather friends
8.While having a conversation with your friends,you should avoid . A.applying the 30/70 pattern
B.talking too much about yourself C.showing interest in their topics D.knowing more details about them
9.To be a reliable friend,you’d better . A.have some common interests with your friends
B.find something to complain about with your friends C.keep the secrets that your friends have told you D.exchange your personal information with your friends
( C )
(2013浙江模拟冲刺强化卷三)
HELLO to you first-year students.I’m Laudable’s president.The next time that we’ll see each other is when you graduate.Most likely,that won’t be in four years,but in about 55 months.That’s because a good many of you won’t finish on time.And,because college presidents last only about six years and I’ve already been on campus for two,perhaps I won’t even be here.
I know you’re worried about money.I’m not telling you or your folks anything new when I say that Laudable looks expensive.The tuition increases here,just like those of our competitors,have outstripped the rate of increase in the consumer price index for years.This fall,tuition,room and board averages almost $32,000 at Laudable and other private colleges,and more than $15,000 at public ones.
Most of you and your parents don’t pay for everything yourselves.In public four-year institutions,some 4 in 10 undergraduates get financial aid.At private places like Laudable,more than 80 percent of you do.Just like the auto industry,we have a sticker price and we have the price people really pay.We certainly take a lot of your money.But we ship money back to you.We need your tuition dollars.Bottom line:money in and money out.
Our competitors provide such things,so we do too.We compete for everything: faculty(staff),students,research dollars and prestige(声誉).The more you want us to give to you,the more we will be asking you to give to us.We aim to please,and that will cost you.It’s been a long time since scholarship and teaching were carried on in monastic(修道士) surroundings.
Colleges like Laudable are escalators(自动扶梯); even if you stand still,they will move you upward toward greater economic opportunity.Once you leave us,you’ll have a better chance for a good job and a way to pay off your debt and to give us more money when we call on you as alumni(校友).
I welcome you all—those of you who will follow my advice,and those who will waste their dollars and ours.Whatever,count yourself lucky.Now you know about the money.See you,maybe,in 55 months.
10.The passage is written for . A.college graduates
B.the first year college students C.parents of college students D.the college teachers
11.What’s the main idea of the passage?( ) A.A little learning is an expensive thing.
B.It’s useless spending money going to college. C.You won’t graduate unless you spend much money.
D.College students must buy something for the teachers.
12.Why did the president say “see you in 55 months”?( )
A.Some of the college students won’t graduate till 55 months later B.The president will retire 55 months later
C.There is another graduation ceremony 55 months later
D.College graduates will spend all the tuition 55 months later 13.What’s the meaning of “money in and money out”(para 3)( ) A.The college will return all the tuition to the students. B.Students need hand in some money before they graduate.
C.Students will have more chance to make money after graduation.
D.Students need buy some presents for the teachers before graduation. 14.Which of the following statements is right?( ) A.all the college students will graduate in four years. B.college students will no longer worry about tuition C.over half of the undergraduates get financial aid. D.going to college need cost much money
( D )
(2013浙江奉化高级中学高三上学期期中考试)
“What is the most important thing you’ve done in your life?” The question was put to me during a presentation I gave to a group of lawyers.
The answer came to me in an instant.It’s not the one I gave,because the situation was not right.As a lawyer in the entertainment industry,I knew the audience wanted to hear some amusing stories about my work with well-known people,but here’s the true answer:
The most important thing I’ve ever done occurred on October 8,1990.I began the day playing tennis with an old friend I hadn’t seen for a while.Between points we talked about what had been happening in each other’s lives.He and his wife had just had a baby boy,who was keeping them up at night.
While we were playing,a car came screaming up the road toward the courts.It was my friend’s father,who shouted to my friend that his baby had stopped breathing and was being rushed to the hospital.In a flash my friend was in the car and gone,disappearing in a cloud of dust.
For a moment I just stood there,paralyzed(呆若木鸡).Then I tried to figure out what I should do.Follow my friend to the hospital? There was nothing I could accomplish there,I convinced myself.My friend’s son was in the care of doctors and
nurses,and nothing I could do or say would affect the outcome.Be there for moral support? Well,maybe.But my friend and his wife both had large families,and I knew they’d be surrounded by relatives who would provide more than enough comfort and support,whatever happened.All I could do at the hospital,I decided,was to get in the way.Also,I had planned a full day with my family,who were waiting for me to get home.So I decided to head back to my house and check in my friend later.
As I started my car,I realized that my friend had left his truck and keys at the courts.I now faced another problem.I couldn’t leave the keys in the truck.So I decided to go to the hospital and give him the keys.
When I arrived,I was directed to a room where my friend and his wife were waiting.As I had thought,the room was filled with family members silently watching my friend comfort his wife.I went in and stood by the door,trying to decide what to do next.Soon a doctor appeared.He approached my friend and his wife,and in a quiet voice told them that their son had died.
For a long time the two held each other and cried,unaware of the rest of us standing around in pained silence.After they had calmed themselves,the doctor suggested they spend a few moments with their son.
My friend and his wife stood up and walked past their families.When they reached the door,my friend saw me standing in the corner.He came over and hugged me and started to cry.My friend’s wife hugged me,too,and said,“Thanks for being here.”
For the rest of that morning,I sat in the emergency room of that hospital and watched my friend and his wife hold the body of their infant son,and say goodbye.
It’s the most important thing I have ever done.The experience taught me two lessons.
First: The most important thing I’ve ever done happened when I was completely helpless.None of the things I had learned in university,in three years of law school or in six years of legal practice were of any use in that situation.Something terrible was happening to people I cared about,and I was powerless to change the outcome.All I could do was standing by and watching it happen.And yet it was critical that I do just that—just be there when someone needed me.
Second: The most important thing I’ve done almost didn’t happen because of things I had learned in classroom and professional life.Law school taught me how to take a set of facts,break them down and organize them.These skills are critical for lawyers.When people come to us for help,they’re often stressed out and depend on a lawyer to think logically(逻辑地).But while learning to think,I almost forget how to feel.Today I have no doubt that I should have leapt into my car without hesitation and followed my friend to the hospital.
From that one experience I learned that the most important thing in life isn’t the money you make,the status you attain or the honors you achieve.The most important thing in life is the kids’ team you coach or the poem you write—or the time when you’re just somebody’s friend.
15.When he was asked about the most important thing he had done in life at a presentation,the author .
A.felt it was not an interesting question B.thought for a while and spoke his mind C.didn’t give the real answer
D.gave an answer from a lawyer’s point of view
16.When he saw his friend rush to the hospital,the author could not decide whether to follow mainly because he thought . A.he had to stay with his family B.his friend did not need his help.
C.the baby would be in the doctor’s care D.he would not be of much help
17.What can we infer from the author’s description of the scene at the hospital?( )
A.He would have felt guilty if he had not been there. B.He found out that he was in the way. C.He regretted that he went too late.
D.His friend would have felt better if he had not been there. 18.Which of the following is conveyed in this story?( ) A.Family and relatives can not take the place of friends. B.More people are a great comfort when one is in trouble. C.You can certainly help a friend if you want to. D.It is best to be here when someone needs you.
19.The author learned from his own experience that . A.what is taught in school is usually of no use. B.a lawyer cannot learn much in classrooms C.a lawyer should know people’s feeling first
D.he needs to be able to feel as well as think logically(逻辑地) 20.The underlined sentence in the last paragraph suggests that the author . A.is fond of writing poems
B.is going to coach the kid’s team
C.is determined to make friends with everybody
D.is fully aware of the importance of being helpful to those in need
第四组(限时35分钟)
( A )
(2013重庆育才中学高三月考)
Chinese International School
Application Form
Before an applicant can be invited to take part in an assessment, an application form should be returned to the Admissions Office, and the application fee of HK$1,000 cannot be returned. For overseas applicants wishing to pay in currencies other than HK dollars, the fee is US$145. Checks are also good for payment to “Chinese International School”.
The application should include:
※ Applicants’ academic report from the last school year.
※ A recent passport-sized photo (attached to the application form).
※ A copy of the applicant’s ID card or a passport showing a valid visa.
※Only for applicants applying under a Corporate Nomination (提名) Right: A company letter confirming the nomination.
Please note that the application fee is non-refundable. Applicants who would like to re-apply for another academic year are asked to submit a new application and application fee. Acceptance
Applicants will be informed of their acceptance status in writing by postal mail. Initial (最初的) offers for Reception will be sent out from late March once all assessments have been completed.
Some applicants who have been assessed may be held on a reserve list. Acceptances may also be made on a conditional basis among the applicants on the reserve list.
Applicants who have been assessed but who have not been admitted are welcome to reapply for the next academic year. Please note that such applicants will be asked to submit a new application and application fee.
Confirmation of Acceptance and Enrollment (录取)
Once an applicant has been admitted, the applicant family will be asked to confirm acceptance and hold the student’s place with immediate payment of the required fees for the Nomination Right (HK$ 500), plus the sum of HK$ 7,500 as the first tuition (学费) payment.
In addition, enrollment will not be considered complete until the following have been received, normally one month before the start of the new school year:
·Physical examination results ·Tuition (first month) 1.According to the passage, if the applicants reapply for an academic year, . A.the application fee can be reduced to a half
B.applicants on a reserve list needn’t be assessed
C.a new application and application fee are to be required
D.the initial application form should be returned to the Admissions Office 2.Which of the following is true?( )
A.Once applicants are refused, they can’t apply for it again. B.Applicants held on a reserve list will not be admitted.
C.Applicants don’t have to get a company letter to confirm their application. D.The applicants should show either a visa or a ID card. 3.How will the applicants possibly be informed of the acceptance status?( ) A.By fax. B.By e-mail.
C.By regular mail. D.By telephone.
4.If an applicant has been admitted, the applicant family . A.will be asked to submit a new application B.will receive physical Examination results C.will be asked to only pay the first month fee
D.will be asked to confirm acceptance and pay the fees
( B )
(2012浙江瑞安中学高三5月适应性练习)
Leonardo’s Discovery Warehouse is a hands-on arts and sciences museum located in downtown Enid, Oklahoma. It’s fun for children of all ages! Build in the Carpentry Shop, create your own masterpiece in the Art Studio, observe our snakes, chinchillas and ferret in the Animal Area and so much more inside the converted(修改的)warehouse. Learn while you play at Adventure Quest, the outdoor science park that’s also one
of the largest playgrounds of its kind in the world! Spend the day or come play for a few hours—you’ll love Leonardo’s.
A team of artists, scientists, children and educators dreamed this place and then the community worked together to make Leonardo’s a reality. Hours of family fun and inspiration await you at Leonardo’s Discovery Warehouse...
PHONE: (580) 233—2787
MUSEUM HOURS: Tues—Sat 10am—5pm Sunday 1pm—5pm LOCATION: 200 E.Maple Enid,OK
Science Museum Oklahoma,Oklahoma’s only science museum and Smithsonian affiliate,enriches people’s lives by revealing the wonder and relevance of science. Home to more than 350 hands-on science exhibits and educational programs,Science Museum Oklahoma offers an interactive and enjoyable experience for visitors of all ages.
PHONE: (405) 602—66 MUSEUM HOURS:
Mon-Fri 9am—5pm Saturday 9am—6pm Sunday 11am—6pm LOCATION:
2100 NE 52nd Street Oklahoma City,OK WEBSITE: http://www.sciencemuseumok.org/ Jasmine Moran Children’s Museum
Welcome to one of the world’s largest children’s museums and one of North America’s favorite family destinations! We’ve created a special place where thousands of children aged 3 - 12 come each year to explore their world. As you explore our website, be sure to Take a Virtual Tour. You’ll discover our hands-on,
award-winning museum is uniquely created as an imaginary town where children can actually BE the doctor, the judge, the firefighter, the waterworks engineer and so much more!
PHONE: (405) 382-0950 MUSEUM HOURS: Tues-Fri 10am-5pm
Saturday 10am-5pm Sunday 1pm-5pm LOCATION:
1714 Highway 9 West Seminole, OK
WEBSITE: http://www.jasminemoran.com/
At the Museum of the Great Plains, the natural and cultural history of the Great Plains of north America is studied and shown in many exhibits and programs that will be enjoyed by all members of the family. Special events include a twice-yearly encampment of 1830s trappers and hunters, plus re-enactments of 19th and 20th century events and activities.
PHONE: (580) 581-3460 MUSEUM HOURS: Mon-Fri 10am-5pm Saturday 10am-5pm Sunday 1pm-5pm LOCATION:
601 NW Ferris Ave Lawton, OK
WEBSITE:
http://www.museumgreatplains.org/
Welcome to the Tulsa Air and Space Museum &Planetarium where the past and future meet to inspire today’s visitors. Experience Tulsa’s rich history in the aerospace industry by exploring 19,000 square feet of exhibit space and educational displays in the museum,then sit back in the planetarium(天文馆)and enjoy a trip to the outer limits of the universe.
PHONE: (918) 834-9900 MUSEUM HOURS: Tues-Fri 10am-5pm Saturday 10am-5pm LOCATION:
3624 N 74th E Ave Tulsa, OK WEBSITE:
http://tulsaairandspacemuseum.com/
5. In what section of a newspaper will you probably read the advertisements?( ) A.Geography B.Education C.History D.Environment
6.What do Science Museum Oklahoma and Leonardo’s Discovery Warehouse have in common?( )
A.Aiming at science B.Introducing animals
C.Offering imaginary roles
D.Enjoying a trip to the universe
7.Emma has a tight schedule and has to work from 10am-5pm every day.If she wants to visit a museum,which website will she probably login to get more information?( )
A.http://www.jasminemoran.com/
B.http://www.museumgreatplains.org/ C.http://tulsaairandspacemuseum.com/ D.http://www.sciencemuseumok.org/
8.Which of the following can be learned from the advertisements?( )
A.Visitors can enjoy family fun in all the museums except the Museum of the Great Plains.
B.Visitors can experience something related to culture in the Tulsa Air and Space Museum.
C.Visitors can phone (405) 382-0950 if their children want to enjoy role-playing programs.
D.Visitors can explore an adventure of outer space in 601 NW Ferris Ave Lawton,OK. 9.What may be the purpose of the writer writing the passage?( ) A.To show his knowledge of museums.
B.To provide some information on museums. C.To attract attention from the readers. D.To entertain readers.
( C )
(2013山东临沂高三一模)
Children will find it more difficult to buy cigarettes as vending machines(自动售货机)selling tobacco will be officially banned in England today.According to the British Heart Foundation(BHF),around 200,000 young people start smoking
regularly in England each year and 11 percent of 11-to-15-year-old regular smokers in England and Wales get their cigarettes from vending machines.
Betty McBride, Director of Policy and Communications at the British Heart Foundation,said,“Thousands of children who are at risk of addiction regularly get tobacco from these machines,which of course,don’t ask them to prove their age.With the tobacco industry increasingly depending on young smokers to keep their
profits,they’re fighting tooth and nail to stop any changes that might hit their bottom line.”
The ban, which makes it illegal to sell tobacco from vending machines and requires shopkeepers to ensure all tobacco advertising on the machines is
removed,comes into force in England today.It is the first ban in Europe to prohibit selling cigarettes from vending machines,which shows the determination of England to fight against smoking.
Other measures to protect young people from the dangers of smoking are also on the way.In April 2013 large retailers(零售商)in England and Scotland will have to get rid of all tobacco displays and small shops will be expected to do that from April 2015.Wales and Northern Ireland also plan to make similar regulations.
The UK Government is due to begin a public consultation before the end of the year on whether to introduce plain packaging for cigarettes which would reduce their marketing appeal to young people,help to make health warnings more effective and,alongside other measures,help to reduce the number of smokers in the long term. 10.According to the text,vending machines selling cigarettes . A.offer cheaper products
B.have more varieties of products
C.don’t check buyers’ personal information D.keep a record of every purchase
11.The tobacco industry may be against the new regulation because . A.more children will be at risk of tobacco addiction B.it will bring inconvenience to its consumers C.young smokers will be discouraged
D.many vending machines will be left unused 12.Small stores in Scotland .
A.will be banned from selling tobacco next year B.can still present cigarettes for around 2 years C.must get rid of all tobacco advertisements D.must show warnings about cigarettes in 2013 13.It can be inferred from the text that . A.plain packaging is a must for cigarettes
B.the number of tobacco companies will be limited
C.tobacco’s harm to health will be put down on packages D.opinions will be asked for plans of tobacco controlling 14.What is the best title for the text?( ) A.Cigarette vending machines banned. B.The youth’s addiction to tobacco.
C.UK’s efforts to improve people’s health. D.Strong opposition from tobacco industry.
( D )
(2013浙江宁波万里国际学校高三上期中)
When I was fourteen,I earned money in the summer by cutting lawns (草坪),and within a few weeks I had built up a body of customers.I got to know people by the flowers they planted that I had to remember not to cut down,by the things they lost in the grass or struck in the ground on purpose.I reached the point with most of them when I knew in advance what complaint was about to be spoken,which particular request was most important.And I learned something about the measure of my neighbors by their preferred method of payment:by the job,by the month—or not at all.
Mr.Ballou fell into the last category,and he always had a reason why.On one day,he had no change for a fifty,on another he was flat out of checks,on another,he was simply out when I knocked on his door.Still,except for the money apart,he was a nice enough guy,always waving or tipping his hat when he’d see me from a distance.I figured him for a thin retirement check,maybe a work-relayed injury that kept him from doing his own yard work.Sure,I kept track of the total,but I didn’t worry about the amount too much.Grass was grass,and the little that Mr.Ballou’s property comprised didn’t take long to trim (修剪).
Then,one late afternoon in mid-July,the hottest time of the year,I was walking by his house and he opened the door,mentioned me to come inside.The hall was cool,shaded,and it took my eyes a minute to adjust to the dim light.
“I owe you,” Mr.Ballou,“but...” I thought I’d save him the trouble of thinking of a new excuse.“No problem.Don’t worry about it.”
“The bank made a mistake in my account,” he continued,ignoring my words.“It will be cleared up in a day or two.But in the meantime I thought perhaps you could choose one or two volumes for a down payment.”
He gestured toward the walls and I saw that books were stacked (堆放) everywhere.It was like a library,except with no order to the arrangement.
“Take your time,” Mr.Ballou encouraged.“Read,borrow,keep.Find something you like.What do you read?”
“I don’t know.” And I didn’t.I generally read what was in front of me,what I could get from the paperback stack at the drugstore,what I found at the library,magazines,the back of cereal boxes,comics (连环图画).The idea of
consciously seeking out a special title was new to me,but,I realized,not without appeal—so I started to look through the piles of books.
“You actually read all of these?” “This isn’t much,” Mr.Ballou said.“This is nothing,just what I’ve kept,the ones worth looking at a second time.”
“Pick for me,then.”
He raised his eyebrows,cocked his head,and regarded me as though measuring me for a suit.After a moment,he nodded,searched through a stack,and handed me a dark red hardbound book,fairly thick.
“The Last of the Just,” I read.“By Andre Schwarz-Bart.What’s it about?” “You tell me,” he said.“Next week.”
I started after supper,sitting outdoors on an uncomfortable kitchen chair.Within a few pages,the yard,the summer,disappeared,and I was plunged into the aching tragedy of the Holocaust,the extraordinary clash of good,represented by one decent man,and evil.Translated from French,the language was
elegant,simple,impossible to resist.When the evening light finally failed I moved inside,read all through the night.
To this day,thirty years later,I vividly remember the experience.It was my first voluntary encounter (接触、遇到) with world literature,and I was stunned (震惊) by the concentrated power a novel could contain.I lacked the vocabulary,however,to translate my feelings into words.So the next week when Mr.Ballou asked,“Well?” I only replied,“It was good.”
“Keep it,then,” he said.“Shall I suggest another?” I nodded,and was presented with the paperback edition of Margaret Mead’s Coming of Age in Samoa,a very important book on the study of the social and cultural development of peoples—anthropology (人类学).
To make two long stories short,Mr.Ballou never paid me a cent for cutting his grass that year or the next,but for fifteen years I taught anthropology at Dartmouth College.Summer reading was not the innocent entertainment I had assumed (假定) it to be,not a light-hearted,instantly forgettable escape in a hammock (吊床) (though I have since enjoyed many of those,too).A book,if it arrives before you at the right moment,in the proper season,at an internal in the daily business of things,will change the course of all that follows.
15.The author’s main point is that . A.summer jobs are really good for young people
B.you should insist on being paid before you do a job C.a good book can change the direction of your life D.a book is like a garden carried in the pocket.
16.Before his encounter with Mr.Ballou,the author used to read . A.what he could get and find B.only what was given to him C.only serious novels D.nothing in the summer
17.The author found the first book Mr.Ballou gave him . A.light-heated and enjoyable B.dull but well written C.impossible to put down D.difficult to understand
18.From what he said to the author,we can gather that Mr.Ballou . A.read all books twice B.did not do much reading
C.read more books than he kept
D.preferred to read hardbound books
19.The following year the author . A.started studying anthropology at college B.continued to cut Mr.Ballou’s lawn
C.spent most of his time lazing away in a hammock D.had forgotten what he had read the summer before 20.The author thought that Mr.Ballou was . A.rich but mean
B.poor but polite
C.honest but forgettable D.strong but lazy
第五组(限时35分钟)
( A )
(2013浙江嘉兴高三一模)
Red roses were her favorites;her name was also Rose.And every year her husband sent them,tied with pretty bows.The year he died,the roses were delivered to her door.The card said,“Be my Valentine(情人),”like all the years before.
Each year he sent her roses,and the note would always say,“I love you even more this year,than last year on this day.My love for you will always grow,with every passing year.”She knew this was the last time that the roses would appear.She thought,he ordered roses in advance before this day.Her loving husband did not know that he would pass away.He always liked to do things early.Then,if he got too busy,everything would work out fine.She cut away some stems,placed them in a very special vase,and set the vase beside the picture of his smiling face.She would sit for hours in her husband’s favorite chair,staring at his photo and the roses sitting there.
A year went by,and it was hard to live without her mate.Loneliness and solitude had become her fate.Then, the very hour,as on Valentine’s Day before,the doorbell rang,and there were roses,sitting by her door.She brought the roses in,and just looked at them in shock.Then,she went to get the telephone to call the florist(花匠)shop.The owner answered,and she asked him,if he would explain why someone would do this to her,causing her such pain.
“I know your husband passed away,more than a year ago,” the owner said,“I knew you’d call,and you would want to know.The flowers you received today were paid for in advance.Your husband always planned ahead.He left nothing to change.”
“There is a standing order that I have on file down here.And he has paid,well in advance;you’ll get them every year.There is also another thing that I think you should know.He wrote a special little card...he did this years ago.”“Then,should ever,I find out that he’s no longer here.That’s the card...that should be sent to you the following year.”She thanked him and hung up the phone,her tears now flowing hard.Her fingers shaking,she slowly reached to get the card.Inside the card,she saw that he had written her a note.Then,as she stared in total silence,this is what he wrote:“Hello my love,I know it’s been a year since I was gone.I hope it hasn’t been too hard for you to overcome.I know it must be lonely,and the pain is very real.If it was the other way,I know how I would feel.The love we shared made everything so beautiful in life.I loved you more than words can say.You were the perfect wife.”
“You were my friend and lover;you satisfied my every need.I know it’s only been a year,but please try not to grieve.I want you to be happy,even when you shed your tears.That is why the roses will be sent to you for years.”
“When you get these roses,think of all the happiness that we had together,and how both of us were blessed.I have always loved you and I know I always will.But,my love,you must go on;you have some living still.”
“Please...try to find happiness,while living out your days.I know it is not easy,but I hope you find some ways.The roses will come every year,and they will only stop when your door’s not answered,when the florist stops to knock.He will come five times that day,in case you have gone out.But after his last visit,he will know without a doubt.To take the roses to the place,where I’ve instructed him,and place them where we are,together once again.”
1.How did Rose feel when she received roses a year after her husband’s death?( ) A.Surprised and disappointed. B.Happy but confused. C.Proud but frightened. D.Sad and puzzled.
2.What can we know about Rose’s husband when he was alive?( ) A.He knew his wife loved roses more than himself. B.He preferred to make arrangements ahead of time.
C.He gave his wife a pleasant surprise every Valentine’s Day. D.He was so busy that he had to order roses in advance each year.
3.The underlined word “grieve” (Paragraph 6) is closest in meaning to A.kill yourself B.feel deep sorrow C.marry again D.buy roses
4.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?( ) A.Roses for Rose B.Be My Valentine C.An Unexpected Gift D.A Loving Couple
( B )
(2013山东滨州高三一模)
A 12-year-old boy who donated bone marrow(骨髓)to his dying sister and has raised more than ￡10,000 for charity has been named the UK’s Family Hero of the Year.
Adam Kerr,12,from Armagh,Northern Ireland,also helps his mother care for his younger brother Brian,9,who suffers from the genetic disease Fanconi’s anaemia(贫血症).But it is not the first hardship that has affected young Adam.When he was just six,he donated his own bone marrow to his younger sister Helen who suffered from a rare blood disorder.Sadly she developed complications and died a few months after the operation in 2005.
Adam found it very difficult to be happy after Helen’s death.So he decided to start raising money in memory of Helen to help local poor children and families with bereavement(丧亲之痛).Overall he has raised ￡10,000 and he has no intentions of giving up.
He organised a Fun Day to provide the money for a brother and sister from Northern Ireland to visit their sick brother having a bone marrow transplant in a London hospital.
He received his award and a cheque for ￡2,000 at an “Oscar’s style”ceremony in London.Ms Phillips said:“Adam is an incredible young man.In his relatively short life he has faced real sadness and bad luck and yet he works tirelessly to make life better for others.”
The Awards were sponsored by the charity 4Children and Take a Break Magazine.Anne Longfield OBE,Chief Executive of 4Children said:“It’s an honour to recognise Adam’s dedication and self-sacrifice,and his bravery shows there is always reason for hope and optimism.There is so much unrecognized goodwill out there of people who
do so much for others,and the inspiring winners of the Family Heroes Awards remind us how important it is for us all to do our best to make a difference in the lives of others.”
5.From the passage we can see Adam’s younger brother . A.was too young and ill to look after himself B.was fortunate enough to be cured
C.donated his bone marrow to his sister D.was going to have an operation
6.Why does Adam raise money for charity?( )
A.Because he wants to provide money for his brother.
B.Because his sister suffered from a rare blood disorder. C.Because he wanted to remember his sister in this way. D.Because his mother encouraged him to do so.
7.Which of the following is probably a name of an activity?( ) A.a Fun Day B.the charity 4Children
C.Take a Break Magazine D.Anne Longfield OBE
8.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?( ) A.The first hardship that has affected Adam is to care for Brian. B.Adam suffers from the genetic disease Fanconi’s anaemia. C.Adam is so tired that he wants to give up fundraising.
D.Adam is awarded for his dedication,bravery and self-sacrifice. 9.What’s the best title for the passage?( ) A.How to help others in trouble
B.A little boy makes a big difference to others C.How to be a winner of the Family Heroes Awards D.An independent young man
( C )
(2012浙江第二次五校联考)
When people first walked across the Bering Land Bridge thousands of years ago,dogs were by their sides,according to a study published in the journal Science.
Robert Wayne of the University of California,Los Angeles,and Jennifer Leonard of the Smithsonian Institute,used DNA material-some of it unearthed by miners in Alaska-to conclude that today’s domestic dog originated in Asia and accompanied the first humans to the New World about 10,000 to 15,000 years ago.Wayne suggests that man’s best friend may have enabled the tough journey from Asia into North America.“Dogs may have been the reason people made it across the land bridge,” said Wayne.“They can pull things,carry things,defend you from fierce animals,and they’re useful to eat.”
Researchers have agreed that today’s dog is the result of the domestication(驯化) of wolves thousands of years ago.Before this recent study,a common thought about the precise origin of North America’s domestic dog was that Natives domesticated local wolves,the descendents(后代) of which now live with people in Alaska,Canada,and the Lower 48.
Dog remains from a Fairbanks-area gold mine helped the scientists reach their conclusion.Leonard,an evolutionary biologist,collected DNA from 11 bones of ancient dogs that were locked in permafrost (永冻层) until Fairbanks miners uncovered them in the 1920s.The miners donated the preserved bones to the American Museum of Natural
History in New York City,where they remained untouched for more than 70 years.After borrowing the bones from the museum,Leonard and her colleagues used radiocarbon techniques to find the age of the Alaska dogs.They found the dogs all lived between the years of 1450 and 1675 A.D.,before Vitus Bering and Aleksey Chirikov who were the first known Europeans to view Alaska in 1741.The bones of dogs that wandered the Fairbanks area centuries ago should therefore be the remains of “pure native American dogs,” Leonard said.The DNA of the Fairbanks dogs would also expose whether they were the descendents of wolves from North America.
Along with the Fairbanks samples,the researchers collected DNA from bones of 37 dog specimens(标本) from Mexico,Peru,and Bolivia that existed before the arrival of Columbus.In the case of both the Alaska dogs and the dogs from Latin America,the researchers found that they shared the most genetic material with gray wolves of Europe and Asia.This supports the idea of domestic dogs entering the New World with the first human explorers who wandered east over the land bridge.
Leonard and Wayne’s study suggests that dogs joined the first humans that made the adventure across the Bering Land Bridge to slowly populate the Americas.Wayne thinks the dogs that made the trip must have provided some excellent service to their human companions or they would not have been brought along.“Dogs must have been useful because they were expensive to keep,”Wayne said.“They didn’t feed on mice; they fed on meat,which was a very guarded resource.”
10.The underlined word “remains” is closest in meaning to . A.leftover food B.animal waste
C.dead bodies D.living environment
11.According to the study described in Paragraph 4,we can learn that . A.ancient dogs entered North America between 1450 and 1675 A.D. B.the 11 bones of ancient dogs are not from native American dogs
C.the bones discovered by the gold miners were from North American wolves D.the bones studied were not from dogs brought into North America by Europeans 12.What can we know from the passage?( )
A.Native Americans domesticated local wolves into dogs.
B.Scientists discovered some ancient dog remains in the 1920s.
C.Latin America’s dogs are different from North America’s in genes. D.Ancient dogs entered North America across the Bering Land Bridge. 13.The first humans into the New World brought dogs along with them because . A.dogs fed on mice
B.dogs were easy to keep
C.dogs helped protect their resources D.dogs could provide excellent service
14.What does the passage mainly talk about . A.the origin of the North American dogs B.the DNA study of ancient dogs in America C.the reasons why early people entered America D.the difference between Asian and American dogs
( D )
(2013浙江杭州高级中学高三第三次月考)
Pete Richards was the loneliest man in town on the day that little Jean Grace opened the door of his shop.
Pete’s grandfather had owned the shop until his death.Then the shop became Pete’s.The front window was full of beautiful old things:jewelry of a hundred years ago, gold and silver boxes, carved figures from China and Japan and other nations.
On this winter afternoon, a child stood there, her face close to the window.With large and serious eyes, she studied each piece in the window.Then, looking pleased, she stepped back from the window and went into the shop.Pete himself stood behind the counter.His eyes were cold as he looked at the small girl.“Please,” she began, “would you let me look at the pretty string of blue beads in the window?” Pete took the string of blue beads from the window.The beads were beautiful against his hand as he held the necklace up for her to see.
“They are just right,” said the child as though she were alone with the beads.“Will you wrap them up in pretty paper for me, please? I’ve been looking for a really wonderful Christmas present for my sister.”
“How much money do you have?” asked Pete. She put a handful of pennies on the counter.“This is all I have,” she explained simply.“I’ve been saving the money for my sister’s present.”
Pete looked at her, his eyes thoughtful.Then he carefully closed his hand over the price mark on the necklace so that she could not see it.How could he tell her the price? The happy look in her big blue eyes struck him like the pain of an old wound.
“Just a minute,” he said and went to the back of the shop.“What’s your name?” he called out.He was very busy about something.
“Jean Grace,” answered the child.
When Pete returned to the front of the shop, he held a package in his hand.It was wrapped in pretty Christmas paper.
“There you are,” he said.“Don’t lose it on the way home.” She smiled happily at him as she ran out of the door.Through the window he watched her go.He felt more alone than ever.
Something about Jean Grace and her string of beads had made him feel once more the pain of his old grief.The child’s hair was as yellow as the sunlight; her eyes were as blue as the sea.Once upon a time, Pete had loved a girl with hair of that same yellow and with eyes just as blue.And the necklace of blue stones had been meant for her.
But one rainy night, a car had gone off the road and struck the girl.After she died, Pete felt that he had nothing left in the world except his grief.The blue eyes of Jean Grace brought him out of that world of self-pity and made him remember again all that he had lost.The pain of remembering was so great that Pete wanted to run away from the happy Christmas shoppers who came to look at his beautiful old things during the next ten days.
When the last shopper had gone,late on Christmas Eve, the door opened and a young woman came in.Pete could not understand it, but he felt that he had seen her before.Her hair was sunlight yellow and her eyes were sea-blue.Without speaking, she put on the counter a package wrapped in pretty Christmas paper.When Pete opened the package, the string of blue beads lay again before him.
“Did this come from your shop?” she asked.
Pete looked at her with eyes no longer cold.“Yes, it did,” he said. “Are the stones real?”
“Yes.They aren’t the best turquoise (绿松石), but they are real.” “Can you remember to whom you sold them?”
“She was a small girl.Her name was Jean.She wanted them for her sister’s Christmas present.”
“How much were they?”
“I can’t tell you that,” he said.“The seller never tells anyone else what a buyer pays.”
“But Jean has never had more than a few pennies.How could she pay for them?” “She paid the biggest price one can ever pay,” he said.
For a moment there was no sound in the little shop.Then somewhere in the city, church bells began to ring.It was midnight and the beginning of another Christmas Day.
“But why did you do it?” the girl asked. Pete put the package into her hands.
“There is no one else to whom I can give a Christmas present,” he said.“It is already Christmas morning.Will you let me take you to your home? I would like to wish you a Merry Christmas at your door.”
And so,to the sound of many bells, Pete Richards and a girl whose name he had not yet learned walked out into the hope and happiness of a new Christmas Day. 15.When Pete saw Jean Grace, he was .
A.very enthusiastic, hoping for some business to be done B.cold but he still served the young customer C.cold, unwilling to serve the young customer
D.very warm to the young customer though he did not want to sell anything to her 16.Pete did not say the price of the necklace because . A.the seller never tells anyone else what a buyer pays B.he priced the necklace too high
C.he knew it would disappoint the girl D.he didn’t want to sell the necklace 17.The eyes of Jean Grace brought Pete out of his world of self-pity and he . A.tried to forget the memory of his sweetheart B.began to look at the world optimistically C.remembered his lost love
D.no longer felt the pain in him
18.A young woman came into the shop because . A.she was afraid that there might be some mistake
B.she thought that the stones she had bought were not real C.she was not sure if she could get more stones like those D.she did not like what she had once bought
19.By saying “She paid the biggest price one can ever pay,” Pete meant that Jean Grace .
A.gave the most money for the necklace
B.gave all she had with her for the necklace C.appreciated the value of the necklace D.wanted to have the best thing in the shop
20.At the end of the story we see that Pete . A.found another girl that he could trust
B.met someone who truly loved him C.found a place to go at last D.regained his ability to love
第三部分 阅读理解 专题十六 阅读理解 五年真题·精华
一、写人记事
Passage 1
语篇解读:本文是一篇记叙文。作者描述了自己的从教经历。在校长的帮助下,她明白了教学过程中存在的问题。真切地体会到了教育的秘诀在于对学生的尊重。
1.C 推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的第一句“In 1974,after filling out fifty
applications,going through four interviews,and winning one offer...”可知,作者费了很大的劲才被接受到一个遥远荒凉的地方教学。显然在当时找工作是很难的,故C项正确。 2.A 根据文章倒数第四段中的In college I had been taught...but the text evidently ignored the fact可知A项是正确的。B项在文中未提及;C项与第三段中的第二句“I worked hard,taking time off only to eat and sleep.”矛盾;D项与第三段中的“...I was teaching English...I wanted to make literature come alive...”矛盾。
3.A 细节理解题。第五段中最后一句Visions of unemployment marched before my eyes.可知,作者担心失去工作,故选A项。
4.C 细节理解题。根据第六段中的第一句“I felt mildly victorious that I got through the rest of class without crying...”可知,作者多少有点成就感的是她坚持上完了课而没有哭。故选C项。 5.B 推理判断题。根据文章最后三段的内容可知,校长指出了学生上她的课感到无聊的原因是她不了解他们,她没有针对他们的特点进行教学,故B项正确。
6.C 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第四段中的“he said simply,without accusation”和倒数第三段中的He named my problems and offered solutions可知校长的态度,故选C项。 【疑难词汇解读】 identify v.认出;识别
He was too far away to be able to identify faces.他离得太远,认不出那些面孔。 【长难句子分析】
时间状语从句(By the time
,
,
into the classroom ),
.
直到我的校长,也是我的督导到教室里来督察的时候,学生们几乎没有表现出什么好的值得表扬的行为。都知道我的校长是最严格的,最苛刻的,最快做出决定开除没有经验的老师的。
Passage 2
语篇解读:本文为记叙文。作者家人因为乘坐了晚点航班而得到补偿。作者通过这一故事告诉我们,在花钱的时候要精打细算,要做到花钱有所值。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第一段第五句可知,由于预订这趟航班的乘客过多,因此航空公司决定对于那些愿意退票,然后乘坐次日航班返回的人每人返还400美元。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第一段前两句及第三段第二句中的“But as a big-time bargain hunter”可知,作者很少错过便宜的东西,故选C项。 3.C 推理判断题。根据第四段第二句“I have been the consumer reporter of NBC’s Today show for over a decade.”可知,作者是一位媒体人。
4.C 主旨大意题。根据最后一段的内容可知,作者想要告诉我们如何明智地花钱,在哪些地方可以省钱,在哪些地方可以出手大方。 【疑难词汇解读】
1.overbook v.超额预订
The flight was heavily overbooked. 该班机售票大大超出机位数量。 2.There is no shame in... ……不是什么丢脸的事。
There is no shame in wanting to be successful. 有抱负不是什么丢脸的事。
Passage 3
语篇解读:本文为记叙文。主要介绍了爱丁堡艺术节的成立及发展过程。 1.A 事实细节题。由第一段最后一句可知,举办爱丁堡艺术节的目的是让欧洲人民在二战后团结起来。
2.D 事实细节题。由第三段第二句可知,8个剧组于1947年在未受到邀请的情况下参加了这次音乐节,他们是带着每个人都有权表演的信念来的,故选D项。
3.B 事实细节题。由第四段可知,先是爱丁堡大学的学生,后来便是牛津、剑桥、达勒姆和伯明翰的大学的学生,他们纷纷来到苏格兰首府表演。故选B项。 4.D 推理判断题。由文章最后两段提供的数据可知答案为D项。 【长难句子分析】
不久,一群群学生,首先是来自爱丁堡大学的学生,接着是牛津、剑桥、达勒姆和伯明翰的大学的学生,每年夏天来到苏格兰首府,在小教堂的大厅里为爱丁堡人表演一些不太为人所知的作家的戏剧。
Passage 4
语篇解读:本文为记叙文。作者小时候喜欢写日记,每天忙着把“现在”记录在本子上。但她13岁时的一次经历使她意识到,我们应该学会享受而不是记录“现在”,“活着不是为了记忆”。
1.D 事实细节题。根据第一段内容,尤其是最后一句“毕竟,积累记忆不就是保存过去的一种方式吗?”可知选D。
2.B 事实细节题。第二、三段描述了作者13岁时的经历,当时作者还是热衷于为了将来的回忆而记录现在,但晚上当她发现山谷的美丽时突然明白,“我写的任何东西都比不上此时让自己好好感受山谷的美丽”,从此作者的态度发生了转变。
3.B 事实细节题。根据第四段可知,作者现在只把自己特别的想法或情感写在日记中,故B项正确。
4.A 推理判断题。最后一段作者说,“也许我会忘了一些事实,但至少,这些经历将永远在我的心中”。这就是作者对生活的感悟:把握现在,感受今天,生活重在感受而不是为了回忆而记录。
【长难句子分析】
那时,我明白了我所写的任何东西都比不上或代替不了让我自己好好感受山谷惊人美丽的这几秒钟。
Passage 5
语篇解读:俗话说:好人有好报。吉米冒着求职面试迟到的危险去帮助一个老人修车,结果证明,他在帮助别人的同时,也帮助了自己。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“but he lost his job a few months ago”可知,吉米找工作是因为他失业了,所以选A。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“While waiting for...he saw an elderly man wildly kicking the tyre of his car.Obviously there was something wrong with the car.”可知,他看到一位老人的车出故障了。故选D。
3.D 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Jimmy immediately went up to lend him a hand”最后老人说的话“Well,I could take you to the office for your interview.It’s the least I could do.Please,I insist.”可知吉米帮助了老人,老人很感谢他,送他去参加面试。故选D。
4.B 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Jimmy’s heart sank.‘With the way I look now,how could I possibly pass this interview?’”可知,吉米感觉自己没有通过面试的希望。所以选B。
5.C 推理判断题。通读全文可知,吉米在去面试的路上帮助了一位车出了故障的老人,而老人刚好是那家公司面试他的人,故吉米顺利得到了那份工作。吉米的好心得到了好的回报。所以选C。
【疑难词汇解读】 kick v.踢
Billy was kicking a ball around the yard. 比利在院子里踢球。 【长难句子分析】
当他在等待去他面试的办公室的公共汽车时,他看见一位老人正在使劲地踢他的汽车轮胎。
Passage 6
语篇解读:本文是一篇记叙文。那天早上对作者来说真是一个灾难,牙痛,又和朋友发生争执。但是在牙医诊所的经历使作者转变了心情,认识到做任何事情都要学会换位思考,要站在对方的立场上考虑问题。 1.D 推理判断题。由第一段第一、二句可知,作者那天早上牙痛,又和朋友发生争吵,因此可推知作者很心烦。
2.A 细节理解题。由第三段内容可知,作者觉得看这个牙医都不用等,有可能是因为他技术不好,没有人去看病,这使作者对这位牙医产生了怀疑。故A项正确。
3.B 细节理解题。由倒数第二段第二、三句“Suddenly I smiled.There was a beautiful picture,right where I could enjoy it:on the ceiling.”可知,作者看到天花板上有幅画时便笑了。
4.C 推理判断题。由倒数第二段最后一句以及第一段第三句可知,作者认识到了朋友所说的话是有道理的,自己应该学会站在别人的角度去思考问题。A项意为“趁热打铁”;B项意为“为某人的朋友说好话”;C项意为“换位思考”;D项意为“患难朋友才是真正的朋友”。故C项正确。 【疑难词汇解读】
1.in one’s place处于某人的境况
I wouldn’t like to be in your place. 我可不想处于你的境地。 2.fit sb.in 找到时间见某人
I’ll try and fit you in after lunch. 我尽量午饭后抽时间见你。 【长难句子分析】
我原以为我能坚持到我的牙医度假回来。
Passage 7
语篇解读:本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过自己的经历告诉我们这样一个道理:在生活中宁可多走绕行路,也不要在目标方向上走狭窄的路。因为在人生的绕行路上,你可能会欣赏到更美的风景。
1.B 细节理解题。由文章第二段中的We traveled the way most people do:the
fastest,shortest easiest road...”可知,作者之所以这样走是因为这条路是最快、最短而又最好的。故选B项。
2.C 细节理解题。由文章第五段中的We had to stop every hour,let Banner shake out his legs and feed him.可知,作者在路上每行驶一个小时就要停下来一次,目的是照顾刚出生的小羊。
3.B 推理判断题。第六段作者讲述了沿途所看到的风景,她认为亲近大自然可使我们增添生活乐趣。
4.D 推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段中的On an empty section of road,everyone started quarreling.I stopped the car,ordered all kids out...可知,“我”停下车的目的是让他们冷静一下。 5.A 主旨大意题。文章讲述了作者去父母家和回自己家绕路的途中获得的乐趣,这也印证了著名诗人的那句话,由此我们可以概括出文章的标题:绕行的魅力。 【长难句子分析】
尤其是当我独自一人带着四个吵闹不安、不愿受且有个性的孩子时,我们走大多数人选择的路途短、便捷、安全的路线去旅行。
Passage 8
语篇解读:本文为记叙文,题材属于人物故事类。作者在没有且没有其他车辆的情况下仍然遵守交通规则,因为这个社会需要彼此的信任。
1.B 事实细节题。根据第一段“Several times I got stuck behind a slow-moving truck...and I became increasingly impatient.”可知,作者有点儿不耐烦了,这是因为被大卡车阻挡了好几次。
2.A 事实细节题。根据第二段“it turned red and I made a stop”可知,红灯亮时,“我”选择了立即停车。
3.D 推理判断题。通过倒数第二段的“The whole construction of our society depends on mutual(相互) trust,not distrust...”可以得知答案。
4.D 推理判断题。根据最后一句话可知,作者感到骄傲是因为在红灯亮时选择了停车,这是一个正确的决定。 【长难句子分析】
在这些问题上,我们彼此信任,对于那些我们信任他们而他们却破坏这种信任的人或者组织,我们都感到气愤或失望。
本句中含有两个定语从句,that为关系代词,代指the person or organization,we have in them也为定语从句,先行词为trust,关系代词省略掉了。
Passage 9
语篇解读:本文为记叙文。题材为人物故事类。作者有幸作为群众演员参加电影拍摄,文章记述了作者的所见所闻。
1.C 事实细节题。根据第一段第一句话可知作者是群众演员。
2.B 推理判断题。根据第二段的描述可知,为了拍摄设置了一些人造的场景,这些场景非常逼真,由本段最后一句话可以得出使作者感到很冷的是这些人造场景。 3.A 推理判断题。第二段和第三段分别叙述了两个不同场景,最后一段提到现在轮到作者他们了,由此可知,一个新的场景即将开始拍摄。 【长难句子分析】
影棚里面很热,因此当看到一名男演员穿着一件厚厚的大衣沿着小路开始漫步时,我们都觉得很惊讶。
since引导原因状语从句,see sb.do sth.意为“看到某人做了某事”,surprise在句中为抽象名词具体化的用法,指“令人惊讶的事情”。
Passage 10
语篇解读:本文为记叙文,题材是人物故事类。Frida Kahlo出生于1907年,7岁患小儿麻痹症,之后又遭遇了车祸,在病榻上自学绘画。然而,她的作品在她早年生活的那个时代却没有引起足够的重视,但最终在20世纪70年代逐步获得了国际赞誉。 1.D 猜测词义题。通读全文可知,Frida Kahlo现在比当时出名;又根据name可知D项正确。A:一个更好的艺术家;B:一个更有天赋的艺术家;C:一个更强壮的人。
2.C 推理判断题。根据第二段可知,Frida Kahlo在车祸中脊柱断了几处,并为此进行了多次手术,但都无法治愈她的背痛。而背痛的罪魁祸首是那次车祸导致的背部伤害,故选C。A、B两项均未提及与背痛有关的内容。
3.B 事实细节题。根据第三段中...but her later works from the 1940s...show less influence from her husband.可知B项正确。
4.B 推理判断题。本文描述了Frida Kahlo“从小患病,之后出车祸,作品在早期未受到足够的重视”等一系列故事,从中可以体会到作者始终很同情Frida Kahlo。A:忠诚;C:担忧;D:鼓舞。
Passage 11
语篇解读:本文为记叙文,属于人物故事类。一份份小小的邮件承载了父亲无限的关爱,而作者也透过一件件的往事,表达了对父亲深深地怀念。
1.C 推理判断题。根据第一段“Driving through the countryside...There were animals to see,people to visit,and chocolate cookies if you knew where to stop,and Dad did.”可以推断出,作者与父亲的乡间之旅充满了乐趣。 2.B 推理判断题。商人可以将最多32,000美元现金放入邮箱,让父亲带去银行,这说明父亲诚实的(honest)品质得到了认可,他是可信赖的(reliable),故B项概括最为准确。 3.D 推理判断题。作者使用了大量篇幅对四个选项中的D项进行详细描述,由此不难判断出,父亲每年给孩子们回复圣诞来信这件事给作者的印象最为深刻。
4.C 推理判断题。为了说明邮箱的作用已经超过了它本身的功能,作者举了很多例子,所以本段用了举例的方法。
5.D 事实细节题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“... and they told me how amazed they were that Santa had known so much about their homes and families.”可知答案。
6.A 主旨大意题。围绕着父亲发送邮件的故事,作者表达了对父亲深深的怀念之情。A项最能概括全文主旨;其余三项均为文章细节,不能起到概括全文的作用。 【疑难词汇解读】
on the occasion of 在……的时候
In big Chinese communities abroad,people will see the lion dance on the occasion of every important festival or ceremony.
在海外华人聚集地,每逢重大节日或庆典,人们总能看到舞狮表演。 【长难句子分析】
,and
在春季,父亲运送盛满小鸡的盒子。我还是个孩子时,发现把手指伸进这些盒子的孔中然后让小鸡来啄是多么有趣的事情。
Passage 12
语篇解读:本文为记叙文,题材为人物故事类。由于对历史知识的匮乏让“我”在课上闹了大笑话并得了很差的分数,之后“我”努力学习为的就是不让那样的尴尬时刻再次出现。 1.B 推理判断题。根据文章第一段的第一句话“Proudly reading my words, I glanced around the room,only to find my classmates bearing big smiles on their faces and tears in their eyes.”可以判断出同学们认为“我”的报告很可笑、很荒唐,故选择B项。 2.A 事实细节题。根据文章第二段Since my idea of history came from an ancient teacher in my home country,I had never heard of that name before.可知“我”对美国历史不熟悉,故选择A项。
3.D 猜测词义题。根据文章第一段的最后一句话“What could be causing everyone to act this way?”就可以看出“我”不知道到底怎么了。第三段讲回到了座位上的那一刻,“我”迫切想知道“我”做错了什么,根据上下文意思应选择D项eager“迫切的,急切的”。annoyed生气的;ashamed羞愧的;ready准备好的。
4.B 事实细节题。根据文章最后一段的“Consequently,I threw myself heartily into my work for the rest of the school year.”可知应选择B项。 【长难句子分析】
and
当校长告知我可以选择跳过六年级时,我笑了,同时突然想到了年初尴尬的那一时刻。 将此句中的状语画出:I smiled and flashed back to the embarrassing moment at the beginning of the year(时间状语),as the headmaster informed me of my option to skip the sixth grade.(时间状语),没画线部分为主句,这样考生对句子的理解会更清晰。 Passage 13
语篇解读:本文为记叙文。题材属于人物故事类。“我”是一个盲人,但不愿让别人看出自己的不同之处,也不愿向别人求助,结果在乘车时常常遭遇困难。
1.D 推理判断题。根据文章前三句可知,我不愿去向别人求助,是因为我不想让别人看出自己是盲人,否则自己会感到很丢人,或者说被看出是盲人后觉得很“尴尬”。
2.C 事实细节题。根据第二段的叙述可知,我在连撞了三次后才发现,原来撞上的是一根灯柱。
3.C 事实细节题。根据最后一段“...I had given up stopping them for fear of making a fool of myself...”可知,我并没有试图去拦公交车。
4.B 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的叙述可知,靠听声音的方式来拦住公交车是不可靠的,因为有时候我会把大货车拦下来。 5.A 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段最后一句的叙述可知,最终我通常会收起自己的自尊而向他人求助,但最后一段指出,当晚没有人在车站等车,听声音又觉得不可靠,因此走向下一车站,希望能找到人帮忙。 【长难句子分析】 So
因此我继续往前走并找到了公交车站,这是招手即停的车站,公交车在这里通常不停车,除非乘客要求上车或者下车。
本句中含有两个定语从句,分别由关系代词which和关系副词where引导。
Passage 14
语篇解读:本文为记叙文,题材为人物故事类,作者描述了一家人在大自然中生活的乐趣。
1.A 推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的描述Every window in our wooden house has a view ,and the forest and lakes seldom look the same as the hour before.可知作者居住的地方景色艳丽多变,故选择A项。 2.C 推理判断题。文章第四段提到Our kids have learned the names of the trees...come familiarity and appreciation...可知孩子们学到了很多关于大自然的知识,故选择C项。 3.A 猜测句意题。本句话的意思为:季节的变化就在门外。后面具体描写大自然是如何随着季节变化的,因此可知作者一家贴近大自然,季节的变化是很容易被感觉到的,故选A项。 4.D 推理判断题。文章几乎没有直接描写作者感受的词汇或句子,但是所描述的身处大自然中的情景、看到的季节变化、每天在大自然中所做之事都体现出作者一家人在大自然中生活的快乐,因此本题选择D项。 【长难句子分析】
如同他们向那些稍有点暂时兴趣的人所讲述的那样:枫树可做最佳的打架用的棍棒,白松则是最好的攀登树种。
Passage 15
语篇解读:本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己小时候和伙伴们一次放风筝的美好经历,给自己留下了深刻的印象。这次经历对自己以及大家都有积极的影响。
1.C 事实细节题。根据第一段中“Mother and Mrs.Patrick were engaged in spring cleaning.”可知,这个时候女人们应该在家里做家务活而不是和男孩子们出去玩,所以答案为C项。
2.B 句意猜测题。根据下一句“Parents forgot their duty and their dignity;children forgot their everyday fights and little jealousies.”可知,人们玩得非常尽兴,故选B项。
3.D 事实细节题。根据第七段中“The strange thing was,we didn’t mention that day afterward.I felt a little embarrassed.Surely none of the others had been as excited as I.”可知,作者认为别人都把那天放风筝的事情给忘了,故选D项。
4.B 事实细节题。根据文中“Do you remember that day we flew kites?”可知,作者在听到母亲提到那次放风筝的经历后,马上意识到在这样的好天气带孩子出去玩的意义。故选B项。
5.A 推理判断题。作者十分珍惜那次放风筝的经历。the youngest Patrick Boy提到在战俘营的黑暗日子里时常想到那次放风筝的经历,由此推断出,那次经历对大家都产生了深远的影响,故选A项。 【疑难词汇解读】
1.be engaged in...忙于做……
Mother is now engaged in washing.母亲正忙着洗衣服。 2.at the risk of doing sth.冒险做某事
He jumped into the river to save the child at the risk of losing his own life.他冒着生命危险跳入河里救那个孩子。 【长难句子分析】
up
我把那份记忆尘封在我内心深处,在那里,我们保存着那些不可能存在然而却偏偏在那里的东西。
Passage 16
语篇解读:本文涉及现代消费心理,文章通过作者购买数码相机的经历,说明产品更新过快,消费者无所适从的现象。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第一段作者与售货员之间的对话,可以了解到,售货员一直在劝说作者试一下机器,并且与其他的机器进行比较,由此答案选B项。 2.D 句意猜测题。在第二段,作者分析了在卖场,自己被各种照相机的种类,弄得不知如何选择。但是最终作者还是必须选择一款,但是无论选择哪一款都会有两个必定的结果:(1)会立刻贬值;(2)会很快有新的产品,答案选D项。
3.C 推理判断题。从倒数第二段...by making the right choice,the clever choice,the wise choice.In the end,I agreed to...知,作者认为他的选择是正确的、明智的,所以他最终决定试一下他挑选的,答案选C项。
4.C 推理判断题。根据作者在购物的过程中,最终选择了自己最初想要的照相机,可以得出作者的观点是:我们并不需要了解很多新的东西,只要达到自己的最初的要求就行,所以C项最佳。
Passage 17
语篇解读:本文为记叙文,在小时候,作者家附近有一个公园,他经常去那里玩儿,但是,旱灾改变了这一切,最后决定把公园拆除。
1.C 推理判断题。由第二段中的“My friends and I rollerskated on the
sidewalks,climbed the trees,and swam in the pool all the years I was growing up.The park was almost like my own yard.”可知作者从前在这个公园附近长大,对公园非常有感情,这个公园好像就是作者自己的院子,因此公园要被推平盖房,作者应该非常难过,upset意为“难过的”,故选C项。
2.B 推理判断题。根据第四段的描述可知,此时的公园到处是垃圾,乞讨者和一些穷困潦倒的人经常来这里,并且成为毒品的交易场所,由此可知,孩子去那里会非常危险。故答案为B项。
3.D 事实细节题。根据倒数第二段的最后一句“It turned out that the city had planned to get rid of the park,sell the land and let someone build rows of apartment buildings on it.”可得知,该市决定拆除公园,因此导致公园最终消失的是该市的决定,故答案为D项。旱灾只是改变了公园的面貌,没有导致公园的消失,故不能选A项。 4.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,现在公园被拆除建起了楼房,居住环境改变了,假如再次发生旱灾,情况会变得更加糟糕,树木和绿草都没有了,更不利于保留水分,故选A项。画线句句意:然而,有时候我考虑,像现在这样下去,如果再次发生旱灾的话会有什么变化呢。 【长难句子分析】
finally
but the park.
and
that is,
旱灾最终结束了,事情似乎都恢复了正常,也就是说,除了那座公园以外的其他一切都恢复了正常。
本句中含有两个并列句,that is意为“也就是说,即”,but意为“除了……之外”。
Passage 18
语篇解读:文章通过“我”的经历,探讨了家长应该如何认识,并尊重孩童幼稚行为背后的童趣和梦想。
1.D 细节理解题。从文章第四段I couldn’t wait to show her my masterpiece.知,我迫不及待地想要向母亲展示我的作品,故答案应该选D项。
2.B 推理判断题。从文章第四段I could tell that I was in deep trouble.和第五段Her eyes glaring,she shouted...知,母亲对我的行为感到非常不满,在她眼里,我是一个捣蛋鬼,所以答案选B项。
3.C 猜测词义题。从上下文知,我从自己的经历深切感受到,我们都需要一些富有想象力和快乐感的东西来充实生活和心灵,所以此处rainbow是引申义,而不是具体的“彩虹”含义,排除A项和B项,D项与文意不符,故答案选C项。
4.D 推理判断题。从全文知,作者认为,家长应该认识并尊重孩童幼稚行为背后的童趣和梦想,而不是扼杀它。所以答案选D项。
Passage 19
语篇解读:作者在给女朋友买花时,偶遇一个“微笑”的老妇人,于是他们之间有了一次“真诚”的谈话…… 1.A 事实细节题。从文章第一段和全文知,作者很匆忙的原因是“急着买花,要去赴约(约会女朋友)”,由此答案应该选A项。
2.B 词义理解题。从文章第二段上下文She smiled.It was a nice smile—warm and reassuring...知,此处的“her gift”指代上文的smile,所以答案选B项。
3.C 推理判断题。从文章第六段看,作者深深地被老妇人的言语所感动,于是把鲜花送给了她“...thanked her for such a nice conversation”,所以答案选C项。
4.C 主旨大意题。从全文知,这个故事告诉我们“爱和善心是有益的”,所以C项与本文要传递的主旨一致,所以答案选C项。 二、社会文化
Passage 1
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文,向大家介绍了什么是广告,广告的目的及广告是从什么时候开始出现的。
1.B 细节理解题。根据文章第一段No one knows for sure...work better than others did them。可知工作专业化的人们带来了广告。specialization特别化;专门化。故B项正确。 2.B 细节理解题。根据第四段中的then he put up a sign,outside the shop to attract customers可知B项正确。
3.A 推理判断题。文章开篇就猜测广告的起源,然后举例例证。后文内容与之呼应,故A项正确。
4.D 细节理解题。根据文章最后一句话His job was,in other words,not too different from a TV or radio commercial in today’s world.可知,在古埃及,crier类似于今天在电视或广播中的商业广告。 5.C 总结概括题。由最后两段可知,在古代,符号标志和声音起到了广告的作用,并且在古埃及,crier类似于今天在电视或广播上起广告作用的人。所以说,最后两段旨在描述古代的广告形式。
【疑难词汇解读】 suppose v.假设,假定
Suppose you lost your job tomorrow,what would you do. 比方说你明天丢了工作,你会怎么办呢? 【长难句子分析】
那就导致了专业化这个概念的产生,这意味着人们会专门研究或者说关注某个特定的工作。
Passage 2
语篇解读:本文为一篇夹叙夹议文。表达了对大西洋的赞美。大西洋充满了生机与活力,它的力量强大得无可比拟,它狂野不羁。 1.A 细节理解题。第一段最后两句话谈到大西洋具有丰富的海洋活跃分子,不像真正的内陆海一样平静,vitality和energetic表达的意思相近,故答案为A项。
2.C 作者意图题。根据第一段最后一句“It is perhaps not surprising that its vitality has been much written about by ancient poets.”及倒数第二段最后两句“It is an ocean...whistling.”可推知本文选用“Storm at Sea”这首诗的目的是说明大西洋力量的强大,它会制造各种各样的噪音——永远轰鸣、翻滚、冲击、呼啸,所以选择C项。
3.A 猜测词义题。“It is filled with symbiotic existences...”之后的内容是对这一句的解释。根据上文中的a living creature和下文中的mix,harmony可知,symbiotic意为“混合的,共生的”,指的是“那些难以想象的大量的生物,无论大小,都混合在一起共生”。 4.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的heartbeat“心跳”,psychology“心理”,personalities“个性,品质”可推知作者把大西洋比作了一个有血有肉的人,故答案为B项。 【疑难词汇解读】
1.vitality n.生命力;活力
She is bursting with vitality and new ideas. 她朝气蓬勃,满脑子新主意。 2.be filled with充满
We were all filled with admiration for his achievements. 我们都十分佩服他的成就。 【长难句子分析】
不同于真正的内陆海,它们看上去异常的平静,而大西洋却充满了海洋活力。
Passage 3
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了斯德哥尔摩大学图书馆的不同区域、图书馆的电脑、小组学习地点、学习材料的存放和需要遵守的规定。
1.A 细节理解题。联系文章Zones部分中的“The upper floor is a quiet zone with over a thousand places for silent reading...”可知,上层是一个供学生阅读的安静的地方。 2.B 细节理解题。从文章Computers部分中的“...which contain the most commonly used applications,such as Microsoft Office.”可知,在一楼的电脑中包含必备的办公软件,而对于学生来说,用这些办公软件就是为了做作业。
3.C 推理判断题。根据Group-study Places部分的最后两句话可知,要预订小组学习室,你需要一个激活的大学账户和有效的大学卡片,换言之,必须在学校注册。 4.D 细节理解题。联系文章Storage of Study Material部分中的“When you have obtained at least 40 credits(学分),you may rent a locker and...”可知,只有达到了要求的学分,学生才可以在这里租寄存柜。 5.D 细节理解题。从文章Rules to be Followed部分中的“Please note that food and fruit are forbidden in the library...”可知,食物sandwiches“三明治”是不能带进图书馆的。故选D项。
Passage 4
语篇解读:本篇为说明文。主要介绍一种新推行的导师体系。既能帮助年轻人提高学业水平,又给年轻人提供了改变命运,开创美好未来的机会。
1.C 细节理解题。依据第二段可知,Young Inspirations mentoring program旨在为学生和11至21岁的无业青年提供独特的经历。故C项正确。
2.D 细节理解题。依据第五段首句中的“At a time of funding cutbacks”可知,在削减资金的时候,学校难以提供这种指导。故选D项。 3.D 细节理解题。依据倒数第三段第一句可知,这次讨论的主题是年轻人如何在社会变革中发挥积极作用。故D项正确。
4.B 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段不难推断,这次讨论会不仅使Kieran获得了信心,而且社会技能和学业也取得了巨大进步,故选B项。
5.B 主旨大意题。文章主要介绍导师制这一新体系给年轻人的未来生活提供了许多经验和机会,故B项正确。 【长难句子分析】
该活动是为全世界的年轻人而举办的,其目的是探寻年轻人是如何看待青年的未来和教育的未来的。
Passage 5
语篇解读:本文是一篇记叙文,主要谈论环保的问题。作者夫妻坚持绿色生活方式并从中得到了很大的启示,我们有能力保护我们的地球。
1.A 主旨大意题。本文的开头就提到Going green,且going green贯穿于全文,故应选A。 2.D 推理判断题。根据第二段This meant doing 365 different green
things...challenging...Rather than recycle and reduce our energy....no easy task可知,这些都是unusual,故应选D。
3.A 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的changed our lifestyles,shop at organic
stores,consume less meat,choosing green food,reduced...given away可知作者尽力丢掉不绿色的习惯,故应选A。
4.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的minds...changed,grateful,believe和do have the power to change...and help可以推断,作者夫妻在将来还会继续这种绿色的生活方式,故应选B。
【疑难词汇解读】
challenge n. 挑战 vt. 挑战,对……表示怀疑
The company is ready to meet the challenges of the next few years. 公司已准备好了迎接今后几年的挑战。
They went to the High Court to challenge the decision. 他们就这项判决向高等提出上诉。 【长难句子分析】
and
我妻子和我决定教育人们如何过环保的生活,并希望我们展示给人们可以用来优化环境的所有环保的东西。
Passage 6
语篇解读:本篇为说明文,谈到马克·吐温的小说是不是对奴隶制和(种族)偏见进行了抨击,以及它们受到了不同人士的批评的情况。
1.B 推理判断题。由第二段的...Twain planted his attacks on slavery and prejudice into tales that were on the surface about something else entirely.可知,马克·吐温的小说与内战前的小说的不同在于他巧妙地不明显地对奴隶制度进行抨击,因此应选B项。
2.D 细节理解题。由More recently the book has been attacked because of...many occurences of the word nigger.可知答案为D项。A、C项都是以前人们对该书的评价;B项无依据。
3.C 细节理解题。由第四段的末句...the character of Jim was a first in American Fiction—a recognition that the slave had two personalities...可知答案为C项。A、D项叙述与原文不符;B项未提及。 4.C 推理判断题。根据第五段中的Twain’s mystery novel...as a challenge to the racial beliefs...,第六段中的The point was difficult to miss:nurture(养育),not nature,was the key to social status.是对a challenge to the racial beliefs的进一步解释。故只有C项符合要求。其他各项都是对第五段的字面意思的理解。 5.D 词义猜测题。综合本段内容可以看出Mark Twain认为这些表演不是对社会现实的真实写照故应选D项。
6.A 推理判断题。最后一段最后一句体现了作者的观点:And Twain...may have done more to anger the nation over racial injustice...than any other novelist in the past century.故A项符合要求。
【疑难词汇解读】
controversial adj.有争议的;被争论的;好争论的
Immigration is a controversial issue in many countries. 在很多国家移民都是一个颇有争议的问题。 【长难句子分析】
正如J.Chadwick所指出的那样,Jim的角色在美国小说中第一次出现,承认奴隶有两种性格“在白人奴隶文化中生存的声音和个体的声音:Jim,父亲和那个人”。
Passage 7
语篇解读:本文为说明文。为什么我们儿时学到的东西在间隔了多年后仍然记忆犹新?这也许是由“过度学习法则”所决定的。
1.A 主旨大意题。本段的第一句话为主题句,可以概括本段主题,即人们通常会记得儿时学到的一些东西,下文主要对此进行举例说明。
2.D 推理判断题。文章第三段列举了很多例子来解释说明the law of overlearning,如游泳、骑自行车、打棒球等。
3.A 事实细节题。根据倒数第二段“...because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.”可知,能运用乘法口诀也是因为在儿时的“过度学习”。 4.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,突击学习对于考试虽然有帮助,但却不利于大学的学习。由此可知,突击学习的帮助是有限的。 【长难句子分析】
A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water.
当多年没有机会游泳的人重新回到水里时,依然能和过去一样游得非常好。 who引导定语从句,修饰先行词man;when引导时间状语从句。as well as在句中意为“和……一样好”。
【疑难词汇解读】
exception n.除外;例外;不包括在内的人或物
Most of the buildings in this town are rather unattractive,but this church is an exception.
这座城镇中大多数建筑物都不太好看,但这座教堂是个例外。 【长难句子分析】
过度学习的法则解释了为什么突击学习对考试而言能达到通过的分数但却不是一个学习大学课程的令人满意的方法。
Passage 8
语篇解读:本文为议论文,题材为社会文化类。生活不是一帆风顺的,你会无数次地面对究竟作生活的牺牲品还是创造者的抉择。生活的牺牲者沉溺于愤怒、愧疚之中,而生活的创造者会选择截然不同的生活态度。
1.A 猜测词义题。根据第一段第三句中...did things及第四句的are wrong and bad可知此处they意为:周围的人和事。
2.C 推理判断题。本段告诉我们:生活的创造者承认自己的弱点,但当失败的时候他们不会责备自己;暴风雨是成长历程中的重要部分。由此可知,生活的创造者能够明智地解决生活中的盛衰沉浮。
3.B 推理判断题。第三段告诉我们:生活的牺牲品和生活的创造者面对同样的境况时,他们会有截然不同的态度及做法,所以选B;他们是自己生活的主人。
4.A 推理判断题。通过讲述面对失去工作或一种特殊关系时,一些人的态度和做法,告诉我们:沉湎于生活中的不幸能使一些人成为牺牲品,所以A项正确。
5.D 主旨大意题。全文讲述了生活的创造者和生活的牺牲品对待生活的不同态度及做法,并告诉我们:生活的自主选择权就在我们手中,做出不同的选择就会过不同的生活。
【长难句子分析】
and
他们相信:与生活中每一神圣时刻的共舞都是一份礼物,而暴风雨则是生活中很自然的一部分,它们为情感及心灵上的成长带来甘霖。 believe后their dance...and that storms...是两个宾语从句;第二个宾语从句中的which can...是定语从句,修饰先行词storms。
Passage 9
语篇解读:本文为议论文,属于社会生活类。校园暴力似乎无法避免,但是通过教会学生们合理应对问题,却可以在很大程度上降低校园冲突的发生率。 1.D 主旨大意题。根据第一段的内容以及第一段最后一句“...why aren’t students taught to manage conflict”可知,文章主旨为教会学生如何应对校园冲突。 2.B 推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“...most violent incidents between students begin with a relatively minor insult (侮辱).”以及之后的例子可判断出,该段要阐明的观点就是小冲突可能导致暴力事件。
3.C 事实细节题。根据第五段倒数第二句“As the issue becomes clearer,the conflict often simply becomes smaller.”可知,在引发冲突前,弄清楚真正的问题是什么,才可能消除矛盾。
4.A 事实细节题。根据最后一段教师们反馈的数据不难发现答案。 5.C 推理判断题。作者在文章第一段设问引出主旨,中间段论述了学生避免校园冲突的方法,在最后一段举例说明实施的成果,由此可以判断出,作者的写作目的是提倡学校教授学生解决冲突的方法。 【长难句子分析】
why
鉴于这一事实,为什么不像教会他们解数学题、驾车或者保持身体健康那样,教会学生们如何应对冲突呢?
Passage 10
语篇解读:苏格兰是一个好地方,是一个著名的旅游胜地,漂亮的城堡、美丽的河流等令人流连忘返。本文对此作了介绍。
1.B 推理判断题。作者在第一段用女王的评价“I never saw a lovelier spot.”是为了说明苏格兰的这座城堡Inverlochy Castle是一个值得去的好地方。 2.A 事实细节题。第二段作者分别描绘了几个场景:静静的湖泊,草地和山脉交互转换,落日余晖下金色的山坡和溪流,鲜花相伴在河边垂钓。故答案为A。
3.C 事实细节题。根据文章最后一段中的“what comes down is unique”可知,从山上流下的东西(当然是后文中说到的)pure water是独特的,因为“...it is the single most important ingredient (原料) in Scotland’s best known drink:whisky.”故C项与此内容相符。
4.B 主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章旨在向读者展示苏格兰的几个旅游景点(the Inverlochy Castle,River Orchy,Ben Nevis等)。 【长难句子分析】
在山的北面,九百多米的高处,是非常重要的纯净水源。
Passage 11
语篇解读:本文为说明文。同一种颜色在不同的文化中意义不同,而人们对不同颜色的反应也不尽相同。本文介绍了几种颜色在人们生活中的不同功效。 1.A 事实细节题。根据第二段第一、二句可知,穆斯林将绿色视为天堂的象征源于他们的文化价值观。
2.C 事实细节题。根据第四段中...because red is a color that easily catches a person’s eye.可知,商家设置红色按钮是为了鼓励人们购物,所以C项正确。
3.C 推理判断题。根据第五段中...blue can cause people to lose appetite.(……蓝色能使人们失去食欲)可知,蓝色或许有助于减肥,所以C项正确。
4.D 主旨大意题。全文介绍了几种颜色的含义及它们在生活中的不同功效,所以D项正确。
Passage 12
语篇解读:本文为说明文,属于社会生活类。文章介绍了一项针对青少年心理问题而开展的志愿者活动。
1.D 事实细节题。根据第一段第二句“It is a program which provides friendship and fun...”可知,该活动的目的是给年轻人提供友谊和乐趣。
2.B 事实细节题。根据第三段第一句“...spend between one and four hours together three or four times each month for at least twelve months.”可知,志愿者一年内的工作时间至少为:1×3×12=36(小时)。
3.B 事实细节题。根据第六段内容可知,Emily的妈妈希望通过这个活动,可以让Emily获得其他不同的自我评价方式,而非仅仅从同学那里获取自我评价的来源。 4.C 事实细节题。根据倒数第二段中“‘I googled...because sometimes it’s all work and no play’”可知,Sarah厌烦了平时只有工作而无娱乐的生活,想要通过参加这一活动获得乐趣。
5.C 猜测词义题。根据第五段对Emily的介绍可知,她很难被同学们接受,再根据全文最后一句可知,这一活动有助于Emily成为一个美好、快乐、独一无二的女孩。由此判断vulnerable young people在这里指那些情感脆弱的青少年。 【长难句子分析】
这是一个通过将情感脆弱的青少年(7—17岁)与成人志愿者相配合以提供友谊和乐趣的活动,这些成人志愿者既能扮演榜样的角色又能成为支持他们的朋友。
本句含两个性定语从句,其中“which provides friendship and fun by matching vulnerable young people (ages 7-17) with a volunteer adult who can be both a role model and a supportive friend.”修饰先行词a program;在此定语从句中,又含另外一个定语从句,即“who can be both a role model and a supportive friend”,修饰先行词a volunteer adult。
Passage 13
语篇解读:本文为说明文,主要介绍了爱尔兰的历史、人口、生活、文化等内容。 1.D 主旨大意题。概括第一段可知,本段主要介绍了爱尔兰一段与众不同的历史,即在被英国统治了几百年后,北爱尔兰成为英国的一部分,而南爱尔兰则获得,成立了“爱尔兰共和国”。由此可以看出,本段主要介绍了“两个爱尔兰”是如何形成的。故答案为D项。 2.A 推理判断题。根据第二段首句提到,在19世纪40年代,爱尔兰的主要农作物——土豆受到病害的影响,有大约750000人死于饥饿,且还讲到,食物缺乏是爱尔兰人移民的一个原因。由此可知,食物缺乏导致了人口减少。
3.B 主旨大意题。概括最后一段可知,本段主要介绍了爱尔兰的文化,故答案为B项。其余选项本段虽有所提及,但都属于本段的部分内容,无法概括本段大意,故可排除。
4.C 主旨大意题。概括全文可知,本文主要从几个方面介绍了过去的爱尔兰和现在的爱尔兰。故答案为C项。其余选项都是本文的部分内容,A项是第三段的内容;B项是第一段的内容;D项也是第一段的内容。 【长难句子分析】
如今,很多人仍然在田地里劳作,但是为了能在工厂和办公室工作,进城的人越来越多。 本句中,but为并列连词,连接了两个句子。在第二个句子中,采用了现在进行时态,表示现阶段一直在进行的动作,不定式短语to work in factories and offices在句中作目的状语。
Passage 14
语篇解读:这是一则应用文,介绍去伦敦求学的租房指南。
1.D 细节理解题。关于Loot,选择相应的部分,仔细阅读,得知Loot的好处是:The
advantage of using Loot is that there are some excellent bargains.即价格方面好商量。故选择D。 2.C 细节理解题。涉及到agent,在“Accommodation agencies”部分寻找答案。根据“A good agent will listen to your requirements and can save you time in looking for the right accommodation.”可知好的代理人,能听取意见,并节省时间寻找合适的住宿。故选择C。 3.B 推理判断题。在“Word of mouth”部分寻找答案。口传的信息很重要是因为“is never advertised...It might be that you can find out about good offers from final year students.”但是也有弊端,分析四个选项,只有B是正确的,所以答案选B项。 4.A 细节理解题。根据第一部分“The advantage of using your university accommodation office is that you can get some support if you have a problem.”,而其他的都没有涉及到问题的解决这部分,所以选择A。
Passage 15
语篇解读:本文是一篇记叙文。作者向我们叙述了二战后以及现在美国城市中人们的变迁,从侧面反射出差别给人们带来的影响。
1.C 事实细节题。由第一段第一句可知美国的城市和世界其他城市是类似的。故选C。 2.B 推理判断题。由第二段最后四句可知城市居民变得富有,他们有较多的孩子,需要较大的空间,因此他们想搬到效区。故选B。
3.A 推理判断题。由第四段第二句可知:无数的穷人必须离开他们的公寓,因为房东想卖掉他们的房子而不想出租了。故选A。而B和第四段倒数第二句矛盾;C的主语应该是房东(the owners);D未提到。
4.B 推理判断题。由文章最后一段可知不同的人对城市有不同的观点,故选B。A和第一段最后一句矛盾,the worse错误;C的主语应该是many poor people;文中没有和D相关的信息。
【长难句子分析】
无数的穷人必须离开他们市里的公寓,因为房东想卖掉他们的房子而不想出租了。
句中的because the owners want to sell the buildings or make apartments for sale instead of for rent是原因状语从句,for sale待售;for rent出租。
Passage 16
语篇解读:本文为说明文。沟通方式的不同可能就会造成说话双方的误解,即便是一个小小的停顿都会有很大的影响。
1.C 事实细节题。根据第一段的第二句While Sara felt Betty didn’t hold up her end of the conversation可知。
2.B 推理判断题。根据文章的第三段所叙述的内容可以判断出选择B项。
3.C 推理判断题。通过对全文的理解以及第三段、第四段的例子可以得出结论。 4.D 猜测词义题。根据第四段对这位女士的描述可以得知她的问题出在哪里,因此D项符合题意。
【长难句子分析】
then,
普遍的现象就是(说话人)闲聊的技巧,例如节奏和停顿,会使人们在(对说话人)下结论时倾向于(他的)人品和能力而不是沟通的方式有问题。
主句的谓语动词是is,后面带表语从句,从句中的谓语动词是lead。
Passage 17
语篇解读:横过马路时,行人的意外死亡率居高不下。很多城市正在努力采取措施保证行人过马路的安全,尤其是老人和孩子。 1.B 事实细节题。第二段第二、三句告诉我们:老年人在十字路口遭遇交通事故的可能性最大。
2.C 事实细节题。第三段告诉我们FHWA建议给行人更多的时间通过路口。 3.C 推理判断题。第四段指出:老年人需要更多的时间通过马路,有健康意识的人喜爱步行,儿童被鼓励步行以防止发胖,油价较高也让人们更倾向于步行而不是驾车。由此可知十字路口的安全问题是过度拥挤。
4.D 推理判断题。最后一段NHTSA称:2006年行人死亡人数4784,比1996年(49)降低了12%,但这一数字依旧很高,注意句中用的是down slightly“稍微有点下降”,所以十字路口的安全问题依然严峻。 【长难句子分析】
联邦公路管理局(FHWA)表示,明年的情况是:在交通灯出现红色闪烁的信号后,增加近15%的时间让行人过街。 三、科普知识
Passage 1
语篇解读:本文是一篇科普性文章,作者旨在向我们介绍了一些与我们的身体有关的信息和知识。
1.D 细节理解题。根据第一个问题下面的第三句话可知尽管血液在体外显现出红色,但在比较靠近皮肤的静脉血管里呈现的是绛紫色。故D项是正确选项。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第四个问题下面的When they do get shorter...become more bent and curved可知,老年人显得矮了主要是因为脊柱变得有点弯曲了。故选D项。
3.A 细节理解题。根据第二个问题下面的But,in the long run...to five times as much blood to feed it.可知,归根到底,大脑可能比心脏更劳累些,故A项正确。
4.B 推理判断题。通读全文可知,本文是一篇科普性文章,作者旨在向我们说明一些与我们身体有关的信息,故B项能很好地概括文章的主旨大意。 【疑难词汇解读】
kind of(口语)有点;有几分
That kind of depends on whether you are busy thinking or busy exercising.这从某种程度上有点依赖于你是否忙于思考或忙于锻炼。 【长难句子分析】
,
,
.
血在体外时尽管看上去是红色的,但是当它在静脉中靠近皮肤表面的时候是绛紫色的。
Passage 2
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。作者通过实验中幼猴的一系列表现告诉我们幼猴对妈妈的依赖。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的第一句“During the first two weeks of its life warmth is perhaps the most important psychological(心理的)thing...”可知,幼猴刚出生的前两周里最需要的是温暖,故A项正确。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第三段的第二句“Something that the Harlows called contact(接触)comfort seems to be the answer...”可知,“布妈妈”蹭起来更舒适,所以选D项。 3.C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的最后一句“Prolonged (长时间的)‘contact comfort’ with a cloth mother appears to give the babies confidence...”可知,长时间与“布妈妈”接触增强了幼猴的自信心。 4.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段的叙述可知,幼猴来到陌生的环境会感到害怕,但当看到“布妈妈”后,就会有一种安全感,就会开心地玩玩具,不那么在意妈妈是否在身边了。故D项正确。
5.B 主旨大意题。通读文章可知,本文旨在告诉读者实验中关于幼猴对妈妈依赖的发现。故B项正确。
【疑难词汇解读】
1.prefer v.更喜欢 preferred preferring
Children usually prefer their imaginary world to reality. 与现实世界相比孩子们通常更喜欢自己的幻想世界。 2.preferable adj.更好的,更喜欢的
For this dish,fresh herbs and garlic are preferable.做这道菜,用新鲜香草和大蒜更好。
【长难句子分析】 However,
,
,
for the first two weeks after birth
.
但是,如果“金属丝(妈妈)”被加热后,而“布妈妈”仍然保持冰凉的状态,那么刚开始的两个星期,对于刚出生的幼猴而言,他们会趋向于挑选“金属丝妈妈”来作为他们母亲的替代品。
Passage 3
语篇解读:本文为说明文。研究人员通过一系列试验,检验婴儿对数量变化的敏感程度,发现当数量发生变化时,婴儿会变得更加兴奋。 1.B 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“She stares at it carefully.”和“Her gaze returns”可知,该试验主要针对的是婴儿的视觉(sense of sight)。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“until a third,with three black spots,is
presented.Her gaze returns:she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card.”可知,当图片上物体的数量发生变化时,婴儿注视图片的时间增加了一倍。由此可知,婴儿对物体数量的变化非常敏感。
3.C 推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可知,研究者变换了对婴儿的刺激方式,是为了更深入地进行研究。故选C项。
4.D 推理判断题。本文介绍了对婴儿进行的试验、试验的经过、结果等,因此本文可能来自于一份科学报告。故选D项。 【长难句子分析】
当正方形上的数字由两个变成三个或由三个变成两个时,婴儿就更多地注意屏幕上任意移动的正方形。
Passage 4
语篇解读:一次雨天的所见所闻激发了Belyaev的灵感,他发明了一种用传感器控制的灯伞,使行人免遭雨淋。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第一段的最后两句可知,他发明这种灯伞的目的是让行人免遭雨淋。 2.A 推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可知,Belyaev讲述了他发明灯伞的过程,是在圣彼得堡的一次下雨时的见闻激发了他的灵感,故A项正确。
3.B 细节理解题。根据文章的第三段内容可知,传感器可以感知雨水的降落,然后灯伞里的电动马达就会根据需要把伞打开或者关闭,由此可知,其顺序为:传感器——马达——伞篷。 4.D 推理判断题。第五段中提到几个关键词语:低速行驶;不会对行人造成伤害,使行人免遭雷击;离地面两米。这些都是安全方面的问题,故D项正确。
5.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Belyaev says...insists his creation could be installed on any street where a lot of people walk...”可知,他认为自己的发明可以被安装在任何有许多行人的街道上,这表明他对他的发明的实用性充满信心。 【疑难词汇解读】
1.shelter n.庇护,遮蔽;庇护所;避难处 An old hut gave shelter from the storm. 一间旧茅舍成了躲避风雨的地方。 2.install vt.安装,设置(装备)
They’ve installed the new computer network at last. 他们终于安装了新计算机网络。 【长难句子分析】
and
虽然没有把灯伞投入生产的计划,但Belyaev说他最近把他的发明介绍给了一个莫斯科的部门,并坚持说他的发明可以被安装在任何有许多行人但是没有伞篷可以避雨的街上。
Passage 5
语篇解读:本文为一篇科普文,介绍了Sanbonmatsu与他的同事们的一项研究结果:同时做很多事情的人往往会有最糟糕的结果,这是因为这些人做事情不专心,他们不能对潜在的危险作出迅速的反应。
1.D 细节理解题。由文章第一段的“People who multitask all the time may be the worst at doing two things at once...”可知,这样的人在同时做很多事情时往往会有最差的结果,故正确答案为D项。
2.A 细节理解题。文章第二段提到他们让参与测试的学生做这做那,然后他们“evaluated the participants’ multitasking ability with a tricky mental task...”,由此可知,Sanbonmatsu和他的同事们在测试中评估了学生们的多任务处理能力。 3.C 细节理解题。根据第一段后半部分中的“but because they are easily distracted(分心) and can’t focus on one activity.”可知,人们进行多任务化的原因是他们不具备专注于一项任务的能力。此外,倒数第三段的内容也有提示。故选C项。
4.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“People who are multitasking are generally less sensitive to risky situations.”可知,喜欢多任务化的人一般对危险情况不太敏感,由此可推断他们通常不能对潜在的危险做出快速的反应。故C项正确。 【疑难词汇解读】
1.multitask vt.承担多项任务,做多项工作
Those who often multitask may face more pressures. 那些经常承担多项任务的人,可能要面对更多的压力。 2.distractible adj.注意力分散的;心烦意乱的。
It is dangerous if you are distractible while driving 如果你开车时精力不集中,那是很危险的。
Passage 6
语篇解读:本文为一篇介绍性的说明文。文章主要介绍了一种类似于智能手机的眼镜的功能及这种新科技产品的前景。
1.C 细节理解题。根据文章第三段的描述...a technology already available on
smartphones and tablets (平板电脑) that overlays information onto the screen about one’s surroundings.可知,智能手机和平板电脑的这种技术能将周围环境的信息覆盖到屏
幕上,再结合后文的举例可知,这种类似于智能手机的眼镜的功能之一就是能为你提供周围环境的信息。
2.C 词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的showing you the nearest coffee shop可知pop up的意思为appear immediately“立即出现”。故选C项。 3.D 细节理解题。根据文章第四段所述...and the average consumer isn’t gonna be able to afford another device (装置) that’s hundreds and hundreds of dollars.可知Sam Biddle认为对于普通顾客而言,他们没有能力来购买如此昂贵的装置。 4.A 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段和倒数第一段,特别是最后一句话There’s gonna be improvements to that,and this a step there.可看出这种新科技产品会很快流行起来,言外之意是这种新科技产品的市场潜力很大。 【长难句子分析】
一个自去年晚些时候起一直在报道这款类似智能手机的眼镜的9 to 5 Google出版商Seth Weintraub认为这种可佩戴式设备最终会像智能手机一样普及对这一点他很自信。
Passage 7
语篇解读:科学家们研究发现,单纯的脑力劳动不会使人感到劳累。真正使人感觉疲劳的是一些不良的情感态度。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第一段中的To the amazement of these scientists,they discovered...可知,大脑活跃时,流经大脑的血液没有表现出疲劳。故C项正确。 2.B 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句可知,使脑力劳动者疲劳的主要原因是不良的情感问题,如:厌烦、生气、焦急、紧张、忧虑等,故B项正确。 3.A 推理判断题。本文主要介绍了科学家的研究成果,作者对此进行了进一步的分析、论证,对情感态度导致人疲劳的观点持肯定态度,并未对此进行质疑,故A项正确。 4.B 推理判断题。根据最后两段的叙述可知,不良的心理和情感态度是导致脑力劳动者疲劳的主要原因,因而保持好的心理状态才会感觉精力充沛;B项意为“喜欢他们的工作”,符合文意,这就避免了导致疲劳的烦躁、气愤等情感。其余几项都与导致疲劳的因素无关,故排除。 【疑难词汇解读】 appreciate vt. 感激
I’d appreciate it if you let me get on with my job. 如能让我继续工作,我会非常感激的。 【长难句子分析】
,
.
如果从一个劳动了一天的人身上取一滴血,我们就会发现血中充满了疲惫的因素及产物。
Passage 8
语篇解读:本文为说明文。题材为科普知识类。有一种鸟,它可以引领人或者动物找到他们需要的蜂蜜,而同时它凭借敏锐的嗅觉找到自己需要的蜂蜡。
1.B 事实细节题。根据第一段“Often,these nests are high up in trees,and it is difficult to find them.”可知,蜂巢经常建在一些高树之上,即隐蔽性很好,故找到它们很困难。
2.C 猜测词义题。根据上文可知,人或者动物都喜欢吃蜂蜜,他们正是在这种鸟的引领下来找蜂蜜的,因此follower就是指“寻找蜂蜜者”。
3.A 推理判断题。概括这种鸟的习性可知,它引领人们或动物找到蜂蜜,从而它可以得到它需要的蜂蜡,这种觅食方式很特殊。
4.D 主旨大意题。概括全文可知,本文主要介绍了一种鸟,它可以帮助那些寻找蜂蜜的人或者动物。
【长难句子分析】
一旦引起了他们的注意,它就会飞越森林,并且在引领他们朝蜂巢前行的途中,它还会时不时地停下来等一等这些好奇的动物或者人。 once意为“一旦”,引导状语从句。现在分词短语waiting from time to time for the curious animal or person作伴随状语,as引导时间状语从句。 【疑难词汇解读】 share n.一份;份额
Britain’s share of world trade steadily declined. 英国在世界贸易中所占的份额不断下降。
Passage 9
语篇解读:本文为科普说明文。介绍了帆船运动与风向的关系。
1.C 事实细节题。根据第二段尤其是最后一句可知在做帆船运动时首先应该考虑“风向”。 2.C 猜测词义题。从第四段“In this case,you must keep the sail half way outside the boat.”可知答案。
3.D 事实细节题。根据最后一段中“...but you can’t go in a straight line.”可知A项错误。根据第四段可知C项错误。根据末段“If you try,the sail will flap...”可知B项错误。
4.A 推理判断题。本文主要介绍的是帆船运动与风向的关系,由此可推知本文应出自杂志,而不是出自旅游指南、物理教科书,更不可能出自官方报告。 【疑难词汇解读】
1.flap (away/off) v.拍打;拍击
I flapped the flies away but soon they flew back. 我把苍蝇赶走,但一会儿又飞回来了。 2.tack v.抢风航行
The sailing ship was tacking.帆船一路抢风航行。
Passage 10
语篇解读:本文为说明文。介绍面部表情在不同文化、不同地域的不同含义。 1.C 事实细节题。根据第一段“For example,in American culture(文化) the smile is in general an expression of pleasure.”可知答案为C项。 2.B 事实细节题。根据第一段“In Southeast Asian cultures,a smile is frequently used to cover painful feelings.”可知答案为B项。
3.B 事实细节题。根据文章第二段第二、三句可知答案。
4.C 主旨大意题。本文主要写在不同文化背景下,面部表情的不同含义。 【疑难词汇解读】
1.confusion n.困惑;慌乱
The old woman looked at him in confusion. 老妇人用迷茫的目光打量着他。 2.cover v.掩饰;隐匿
She laughed to cover her anxiety. 她试图以笑来掩饰她的焦虑。 【长难句子分析】
事实上一种文化背景下的人不能像另一种文化背景下的人一样直率地表达他们的情感,这并不意味着他们不经历这些情感。
Passage 11
语篇解读:本文为说明文,题材是科普知识类。随着新技术的成功,人们未来的生活变得越来越美好:寿命可以延长至150岁,智能衣服的颜色也是随心而变,食物上也装有芯片,汽车可以自动驾驶……
1.D 事实细节题。根据第三段最后一句...change your clothes’ color or pattern.可知D项正确。文中提到人们的寿命延长至150岁。但并未提及人们永不变老,所以A项不正确。B、C两项均未提及。
2.C 事实细节题。根据第四段...the chip(芯片)that contains information...及最后一句...every article of food in the grocery store has such a chip.(……食品店里的每一份食品都带有这样一个芯片)可知C项正确。
3.D 事实细节题。根据倒数笫二段In 2035,cars drive themselves.可知D项正确。其余三项均与文章内容不符。 4.B 主旨大意题。文章描述了2035年人们生活的几个方面,这些均源自科技的发展,所以B项正确。A:2035年的食品与服装;C:未来的医疗;D:新技术成功的原因。
Passage 12
语篇解读:西红柿开始被人类食用经历了一个非常复杂的过程,本文主要介绍了西红柿从最初被认为是的水果到被接受的过程。
1.D 事实细节题。根据第一段可知,人们误以为西红柿是伊甸园中的苹果(在《圣经》中,亚当和夏娃被狡猾的蛇引诱而误食的禁果)所以把它拒之门外。 2.C 句义理解题。根据第三段的第一句“Cautious Europeans long ignored the tomato...”和最后一句可知,在西方大部分国家,人们仍然拒绝食用西红柿。
3.B 推理判断题。Robert Johnson当众吃西红柿向人们证明西红柿是无毒的,以除去人们对西红柿的恐惧心理。
4.C 主旨大意题。文章写了西红柿被哥伦布带到欧洲后人们对它的态度从拒绝到接受的转变过程,故答案为C。 【长难句子分析】
给这种植物带来坏名誉的是它的根,它看上去就像一具被妖怪占据的人类干尸。
Passage 13
语篇解读:本文属于科普知识类。对于那些讨厌洗衣服的人来说,Samsung为他们找到了解决办法:一种智能洗衣机可以通过灵巧的手机来控制,使得生活更加便利,但是好的技术同样会产生问题。
1.D 事实细节题。第二段提到,出席产品展销会的人员说“my wife already does that”,这是他们对新型智能洗衣机的普遍反应。由此可知,他们都非常熟悉智能洗衣机的操作流程,故选D。
2.B 事实细节题。根据第一段“...when your laundry is done via a smartphone app(application).”可得出答案。
3.A 推理判断题。文章第六段提到,如果你早晨甩干的衣服忘记拿出来了,你可以拿出手机重启烘干机,这样你的衣服就焕然一新了。由此可以推断出这种新型洗衣机给生活带来了便利。
4.C 主旨大意题。由文章最后一段“... enable laziness.Rather than...users will instead monitor it on their phones while watching TV.”可知,先进的技术同样会带来问题,故选C。 【疑难词汇解读】
1.in an effort to 为了,目的是
They have been working day and night in an effort to get the bridge ready on time. 为了使桥能按时完工,他们夜以继日地工作。 2.enable v. 使能够,赋予……的能力
Training will enable you to find work. 培训将使你找到工作。 【长难句子分析】
对于那些讨厌洗衣服的人来说,Samsung已经找到了解决的办法,就是一台通过智能电话告诉你什么时候衣服洗完了的洗衣机。
Passage 14
语篇解读:本文为说明文,题材为科普知识类。温室效应已经影响了植物的生长类型,由于植物在食物链和生态系统中有着重要影响,科学家们正致力于研究其生长变化。 1.B 主旨大意题。根据第一段Plants are flowering faster than scientists predicted(预测)in reaction to climate change...可知本题应选择B项。
2.C 事实细节题。根据文章第五段最后一句话It found that some experiments had underestimated(低估)the speed of flowering...以及第七段The design of future experiments may need to be improved to better predict...可知本题应选择C项。 3.B 事实细节题。文章第四段最后一句They said plants had been the key object of study because their reaction to climate change could have an effect on food chains...由此可知本题选择B项。 4.D 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段...beyond 2℃ this century-a point scientists say will bring the danger of a changeable climate...leading to drought,floods...可知必须将上升温度控制在2℃ 以内才可能不会出现危险状况,故选择D项。 【长难句子分析】
—
到目前为止,为减少导致全球变暖的温室气体排放的努力还不足以阻止地球在本世纪气温上升不超出2℃——科学家认为这个数据会带来气候变化的危险,在这样的气候变化中,极端天气会经常发生,会导致干旱、洪涝、庄稼歉收和海平面上升。
Passage 15
语篇解读:本文为说明文,题材为科普知识类,从文章中读者可以得知空气污染也是导致心脏出问题的一个重要因素。
1.A 主旨大意题。文章第一段的第二句话就已将本文主旨告知:“... there is another factor that can cause your heart problems more immediately:the air you breathe.”故选择A项。
2.C 猜测词义题。文章第三段第一句和第二句主要内容是:虽然空气污染这个因素对于健康人士来说危害相对小,并且相对于其他因素来说空气污染的危害比较低,但是我们不能忽视它。根据上下文句意选择C项。
3.D 推理判断题。根据文章第三段的最后一句“So stricter regulation...may not only improve environmental air quality but could also become necessary to protect public health.”可知应选择D项。
4.A 主旨大意题。根据全文可以发现,作者希望通过本文告知读者空气污染对心脏有危害,希望大家在关注这一情况的同时注意环境的保护,故选择A项inform告知,通知。B劝说;C描述;D娱乐。 【长难句子分析】
在关于这项调查的一个述评中,科学家发现,经过几天之后,接触污染物多的人要比接触污染物少的人患心脏病的几率高5%。
在读此句时,有可能因为定语和状语而无法理解句意,因此可将句中的定语和状语画出,留下主要成分:In one review of the research,scientists found that people exposed to high levels of pollutants(污染物) were up to 5% more likely to suffer a heart attack within days of exposure than those with lower exposure.
Passage 16 语篇解读:本文是说明文,为科普知识类文章,主要介绍在人类大脑中无处不在的反应神经元的功能。
1.C 推理判断题。根据第二段第一、二句可知,反应神经元的存在表明了每次我们看见别人做什么时,我们的大脑就模仿,这足以解释我们是如何学会笑、说、走、跳舞或是运动的。故答案为C项。
2.A 猜测词义题。根据第三段最后一句意思,一组研究人员发现如果他们让被测试者听这样的句子(例如:“用手抓住球”),同样,当相应的实际动作在运转时,反应神经元也起作用。set off激起,引起;cut off切断;build up增进;break up散开,驱散。故答案为A项。 3.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句可知,反应神经元的相关研究似乎为我们提供更多有关人类行为和互动的信息。因此,可以推断反应神经元与人类行为和互动有关联,故答案为A项。
4.D 主旨大意题。文章主要介绍反应神经元的作用,故答案为D项。 【长难句子分析】
许多研究表明,社交和举止有问题的人,他的反应神经元功能没有充分发挥。 谓语动词suggests后面跟着一个由that引导的宾语从句,其中with social and behavioral problems作people的定语;which引导的定语从句修饰先行词mirror neurons。
Passage 17
语篇解读:这是一则在英语报纸上的各类广告分类汇总。
1.B 事实细节题。从第六则HELP WANTED中BABYSITTER-MY HOME可以发现答案选B项。 2.B 事实细节题。从第一则FOR SALE中,发现Jackets的价格在30-50美元之间,所以答案选B项。
3.C 事实细节题。从文章第三则广告PERSONAL的THE INTERNATIONAL CENTER中可以知道答案选C项。
4.D 事实细节题。从文章第五则广告DOMESTIC SERVICE中可以知道答案选D项。
Passage 18
语篇解读:植物会说话吗?植物如何“交流”?本文中的科学家们正在尝试用e-nose来测试植物的反应。
1.C 事实细节题。从文章第一段...Instead,plants produce volatile
compounds,chemicals that...知,植物的交流通过它本身所散发的一种化学物质来完成,所以答案选C项。 2.D 逻辑推理题。从文章第五段知,为了证实e-nose的效果,科学家们用各种各样的蔬菜的叶子来测试。故选D项。
3.C 事实细节题。从倒数第二段...But even more impressive,the device could tell which type of damage...知,e-nose能够分辨不同的“伤害”。故选C项。
4.B 逻辑推理题。从文章最后一段...could one day be used in greenhouses to...推断知,e-nose还没有运用到greenhouse中,由此推断B项是最佳答案。 四、说理议论
Passage 1
语篇解读:本文为议论文。有些人撒谎说他们读过某本书,其实他们根本没有读。他们撒谎主要是想给别人留下深刻的印象。
1.D 细节理解题。根据第一段倒数第二句中的“talk about Mr Obama in a way which suggested he had no idea of his background at all”可知,答案为D项。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句并结合上文“The report lists ten books,and various authors,which people have lied about reading”可知,42%的人撒谎说读过《1984》这本书。
3.B 推理判断题。根据文章第四段第一句可知,撒谎说读过某本书的人是为了给别人留下深刻的印象,由此可推知B项正确。 4.C 推断态度题。根据最后一段中的“am astonished that 58 percent said they had never done so”可知,作者对58%的人说的话感到吃惊,即他对这些话的真实性表示怀疑。
Passage 2
语篇解读:本文为议论文。作者通过自己的经历论证了倾听别人建议的重要性。 1.B 事实细节题。由第一段第二句可知,医生往往不喜欢听建议,因为他们了解情况,故选B项。
2.A 事实细节题。由第二段最后两句可知,作者大胆提醒飞行员(主治医师)放下起落架,第一次感到了大胆说出来的力量,且从此以后在手术室也这样做。
3.D 猜测词义题。根据第二段作者大声地提醒飞行员“将起落架升起来”从而使大家脱离危险及文章最后一句话可知,此处“landing gear up”借指所犯的可能会以生命为代价的错误。
4.B 主旨大意题。作者将自己从飞行员职业经历中所获取的经验运用到行医生涯中,使自己善于倾听别人的建议,从而使自己成为了一名优秀的医生。B项符合题意。 【疑难词汇解读】
1.speak up 说话,明确表态
There was a brief silence,then he spoke up. 一阵短暂的沉默之后,他开始发表意见了。 2.voice vt.表示;表达
A number of parents have voiced concern about their children’s safety. 许多家长对他们子女的安全表示了担心。 【长难句子分析】
,
但是我希望如果我继续鼓励他们,总有一天会有人阻止我犯“将起落架升起”这样的错误。
Passage 3
语篇解读:本篇为议论文,重点讨论了旅游业带来的负面影响。
1.C 推理判断题。从第一段的最后一句话可知,每个月都有另外一个太平洋岛屿被宣称是“地球上最后的天堂”。其实这些广告只是为了吸引游客,绝非真实,因此是不可信的。 2.D 推理判断题。从第三段中的“In fact,the nature all too soon felt the effects of thousands of holiday-makers traveling through the forest land.”可知,尼泊尔为了发展旅游业,对外开放了森林,然而,大自然很快就受到了旅游业带来的负面影响。作者举此例的目的不言而喻。故选D项。
3.B 细节理解题。从第四段中的“The one-time farmer is now the servant of some multi-national organization...now it is his smile that is exploited.”可知,昔日的农民,成为了服务员,通过取悦游客来谋生。
4.D 细节理解题。从最后一段中的“The way tourism is handled in the next ten years will decide its fate and that of the countries we all want to visit.”可知,旅游业的未来发展受到了管理方式的影响。
5.C 推理判断题。作者通过举例子阐述了旅游业带来的负面影响,不偏不倚,因此作者对旅游业发展的态度是客观的。故选C项。 【疑难词汇解读】
1.rock-bound adj.岩石包围的,多岩石的
The fishermen lived on a rock-bound small island. 渔民们生活在一个多岩石的小岛上。 2.handle v.处理,管理;操纵
The government handles the education of the whole country. 掌管着全国的教育工作。
Passage 4
语篇解读:本文为一篇议论文,谈论了作为名人的窘境:头上罩着耀眼的光环,心底却埋藏着难言的苦衷,这就是公众人物的生活。 1.B 推理判断题。第一段的后半部分提到狗仔队驻扎在明星家附近伺机拍摄,小报散布有关他们私生活的耸人听闻的消息,还有无处不在的拍录和签名,由此可推测如今的明星毫无隐私可言。故B项正确。
2.B 段落大意题。本段的第一句是主题句,根据本句的内容可知,名人所面临的问题由来已久。故B项正确。 3.A 推理判断题。第四段的开头部分提到如今做一名公众人物比以往更加困难,再结合本段中的“modern cameras”和“the Internet”可知,之所以这样是因为现代化媒体在推波助澜。故选A项。
4.D 作者态度题。结合第一段中的“today’s stars,feeling like zoo animals,face pressures that few of us can imagine”以及最后一段后两句中的内容可知,作者对现代名人满怀“同情”。 【长难句子分析】
虽然出名也许听起来像是梦想成真,但是当今的明星感觉像是动物园的动物,面临着我们很少人能想象的压力。
Passage 5
语篇解读:城市灯光的亮度超过了夜空中的星光,这使得观看夜空的人们受到影响,也破坏了生态平衡,影响了其他生物。
1.A 细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句“What they found instead was a sky so brightened by the city’s lights that it darkened the light of the meteors passing overhead.”可知,因为城市的灯光太亮,掩盖了流星的光芒,影响了流星的观赏,故选A项。 2.C 细节理解题。根据文章第三段第一句话及第二句可知,天文学家们在抱怨光污染影响他们的观测,而这个问题几十年来悬而未决。故选C项。
3.D 推理判断题。根据文章第四段第二句“This population consists of
birds,bats,frogs,snakes,etc.”以及之后的例子可推断出,作者关注的是光污染已经给动物的生存带来了极大的威胁。
4.B 细节理解题。由文章最后一段中的For years,Flagstaff,Arizona,has enforced lighting regulations in its city in order to assist astronomers at the Lowell Observatory.可知,他们制定该条例的目的是为天文学家创造一个理想的观测条件。 5.C 推理判断题。作者通过讲述光污染对观测天象的影响和对动物生存的威胁告诉我们,人类的行为要有利于环境。 【长难句子分析】
然而,他们所看到的是城市的灯光照得天空如此明亮,以致影响到了人们观看流星雨了。
Passage 6
语篇解读:英国著名小说家简·奥斯汀的《傲慢与偏见》批判了性别歧视观念。可是,当今同样上演着现代版的“傲慢与偏见”。
1.C 细节理解题。根据文中的“Austen’s popularity is rooted in her intelligence.”可知C项正确。
2.A 猜测句意题。结合上下文可知,画线部分表达出Mrs Bennet对Bingley既羡慕又感到惊讶,情感复杂。由mixed feelings可知选A项。
3.B 细节理解题。根据文章中提到的“那些懒惰的男孩子需要一些东西唤醒他们自己”以及“There are bound to be jobs going.”可知贝内特夫人认为Bingley需要她的一个孩子为她工作,故选B项。 4.D 主旨大意题。作者写这篇文章的目的是意在告诉人们现在仍存在性别歧视,号召人们消除性别歧视的观念,故D项正确。
Passage 7
语篇解读:本文为说明文。全文从人们对宠物抵抗寒冷天气问题上所存在的错误做法展开,层层说明动物与环境的密切关系。 1.D 事实细节题。从第一段“Sometimes owners forget that their pets are just as used to the warm shelter (住所) as they are.(有时宠物的主人忘记了他们的宠物和他们一样习惯了温暖的住所。)”可知答案。
2.A 事实细节题。从第二段“When you’re cold enough to go inside,they probably are too.”可知作者建议在寒冷的天气里宠物主人需和宠物待在一起的原因是让宠物的主人明白什么时候该把宠物领进屋,故选项A正确。 3.A 事实细节题。根据文章第三段倒数后三句可知答案。根据最后一段第一句可排除B项;文中并未提及C、D两项内容。
4.B 主旨大意题。通读全文,尤其是各段首句,作者的写作意图是给读者一些饲养宠物的实用性建议。
【长难句子分析】
没有干净水或不冻水喝的动物可能在外面喝脏水,这可能会给他们带来不健康因素。
Passage 8
语篇解读:每年复活节可爱兔子给大家带来了很多欢乐,然而随着全球变暖趋势加剧,这种给我们带来愉悦的兔子也不可避免地受到了一定的影响。不久的将来,复活节上兔子的服饰也会因此而有所变化。
1.B 目的意图题。根据第一段在全文中的作用可以看出,本段主要目的是导入主题,即关于兔子的问题。
2.A 词义猜测题。根据文章第一段后半句:but every year it gets quite a bit worse for bunnies.和第二段的第一句:And no,not because the kids like to pull their ears.可知答案为A:罪过,符合文意。
3.C 细节理解题。根据第四段的整体理解和倒数第二句中but whether the rabbit will be able to adapt quick enough to survive is a big question的总结,可知C符合文意。 4.D 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第四段的they would naturally migrate(迁徙)to higher ground—but they already occupy the mountaintops.They can’t go any higher.和倒数第三段第二句的后半部分but there are not suitable plants for them to move higher,可知D符合文意。
5.B 作者态度题。根据文章的整体理解,可推断出作者对兔子这一问题很是关切(concerned),故B符合文意。approving赞同的;enthusiastic热情的;doubtful质疑的,均不符合语境,故排除。
【长难句分析】Most of these rabbits change their fur color from white in the wintertime to brown in the summer,each designed to give them better cover from predators(捕食者)。
大多数这种兔子会把冬天时的白色皮毛变成夏季的棕色,每一种颜色的变化是为了让它们更好地避免捕食者的发现。designed是非谓语,与其逻辑主语each构成被动关系,故用过去分词作状语。此外由于each和句子主语most of these rabbits不是同一事物,因此这种非谓语结构在语法上被称为主格结构。
Passage 9
语篇解读:随着时代的发展,科技越来越先进,人类也越来越依赖科技,但有时候科技也会给人们带来麻烦和误导,文章中作者将会告诉我们什么呢?让我们去文章中了解一下吧。 1.D 事实细节题。主人翁对这件事情发表的原因,我们应着重关注第二段。她完全依靠GPS帮她引路,但是这个高科技居然把她带到了火车铁轨上,害得她险些送命。根据第二段最后一句话得出。C选项,主人翁没有提到,B 选项是天气影响因素,并不是造成此次事件的主要原因。A 很有迷惑性,但是我们仔细想一下,既然使用GPS,说明她本来就对路线不熟,才会借助高科技。
2.C 词义猜测题。GPS把她带到了飞速运行的火车线路上,这是一次非常危险的经历,但是她并没有发生意外,算是死里逃生,near miss,narrow escape表达的就是这层含义。其实根据第一段最后一句the train drag her car almost a kilometer down the railway tracks,火车拖着她的车,所以是死里逃生。
3.B 逻辑推理题。Stevenson的观点在3、5段出现,所以我们要着重把这两段看仔细了。“We put our faith in digital devices,he says,but our digital helpers are too often not up to the job.”我们太信任数码设备,但是往往它们却不合我们的心意,所以数码技术常常没有达到我们的期望。词眼“expectation”和“faith”相关,值得关注。 4.A 逻辑推理题。选项四个褒贬都有,说明文章中肯定存在着与他看法相悖的理论。我们看第四段,“while there may be a number of other possible causes.A map-maker might have left the...Maybe we should blame Ceely for not paying attention.Perhaps the railway authorities are at fault for poor signalling system...worked out that there really is something specific wrong with the GPS equipment.”造成此次事故或者其他高科技失灵事件,可能还有其他很多原因,比如主观人为的,或者是火车信号系统不好等等,But Stevenson doesn’t say.所以他的观点是片面的。
5.B 主旨大意题。一般性最后一题都会问到主旨大意、作者的观点等等,要做好这一题,我们要继续往后看,6、7两段点出了文章的主题思想。The game between humans and their smart devices is amusing and complex.人与科技之间的游戏是复杂的,所以文章讲的是人类与科技之间的关系。
Passage 10
语篇解读:本文为议论文。作者通过简述TPCGB俱乐部的目的,运用具体数字,提出当今高个子人在宾馆、饭店遇到的尴尬事,意在引起全社会对高个子公民的关注。
1.C 事实细节题。由文中第二段第一句的to campaign for the needs of the tall可知此俱乐部的目的为C项。
2.B 事实细节题。第四段最后一句:七英尺的床就合适。故答案为B项。
3.A 事实细节题。根据第五段可知饭店里的小桌子足以把高个子顾客赶到别处去。 4.B 事实细节题。根据最后一段最后一句话可知在Edinburgh已安放6'6″ 的床作为标准床。
【长难句子分析】
just
小固然很美,可是大似乎的确让人感到不那么舒服,尤其是涉及住宾馆或者在饭店吃饭这样的事。
本句中有两个状语从句,第二个状语从句when it comes to为固定句式,译为“当涉及……”。
Passage 11
语篇解读:本文是一篇议论文。全文提出一种社会现象:有时候信息因为某种原因不能全方位呈现给公众。作者希望媒体应该公正、客观、全面地向公众提供信息。 1.B 事实细节题。根据第一段的第二句“Some of them refuse to admit the serious threat of human activities to the environment.”可知,他们并不认为人类活动威胁着环境,即他们不相信地球环境那样糟糕。故选B项。A项正好与这类人的观点相反;C项文中没有提及;D项是广大公众的观点。
2.A 事实细节题。根据第二段的第三句“Of course,another explanation is the deep pockets of some big businesses with special interests.”可知,其中一个原因就是大公司为了自己的利益而支持,故选A项。
3.A 事实细节题。根据第四段可知,作者提到《自然》这本杂志是为了表明该杂志的观点与那些怀疑论者以及Lomborg书中的观点不同,故选A项。 4.D 主旨大意题。文章最后一段提到“A critical (批判的) eye is valuable,and the media should present information in such a way that could allow people to make informed decisions.”作者希望媒体能够向公众提供更多的、全方位的信息,而不应该是片面的。 【长难句子分析】
这种由关于我们这颗星球的令人沮丧的消息带来的“生态有罪”的观点给了这种怀疑论者产生的机会,因为人们要探索寻找更能令人欣慰的世界观。
该句主语是The “eco-guilt”谓语动词是gives rise to;过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰主语;as引导的是原因状语从句。
Passage 12
语篇解读:随着竞争越来越激烈,对于消费者的争夺很多时候将会决定着一个企业的荣辱兴衰,那么如何搞好与消费者的关系呢?面对口味各异的顾客,作为企业又应该如何对待呢?让我们从文章中寻找答案。
1.D 事实细节题。从文章第二段...that customers receiving good service will promote business by...知,得到很好服务的顾客会促进企业的业务,所以答案选D项。 2.C 逻辑推理题。文章第三段提到随着人们从电话或网络中买到商品和服务,很多公司开始开设电话服务来应对电话投诉,由此推测知,现在对商家而言如何处理消费者日益增多的投诉是非常必要和紧急的,故选C项。
3.C 事实细节题。从文章第五段Recommended ways of creating customer delight include...中提到的例子知,告诉顾客5小时内修好,但实际上在2小时内完成,这会让顾客感到非常满意,所以答案选C项。
4.A 逻辑推理题。从文章第六段This can be eased by offering an apology...with empathy(for example,“I know how you must feel”)...我们可以看出最好的方式是道歉,由此答案选A项。
5.B 逻辑推理题。从文章第七段提到Airlines face some of the toughest...marketing tool,while there is great potential for customers...推断知,航空业由于各种原因面临的消费者投诉更多,所以对航空业而言,让消费者满意对于航空业来说有着无可替代的重要性,由此答案选B项。
6.C 逻辑推理题。从文章最后一段...and it would be a foolish company that used slogans such as...中可以推断出,聪明的企业往往不会喊空口号,而是注重实际行动,由此答案选C项。
Passage 13
语篇解读:本文为议论文。转基因食品自20世纪90年代早期上市以来获得较快发展,在市场上占的份额也大为增加,但转基因食品真的能解决世界粮食危机吗?即便能解决,这是最好的方法吗? 1.C 推理判断题。第二段主要说明转基因技术并未增加世界粮食产量,作者列举了一份报告来证明此论点,根据For instance也可得知,作者本段采用的写作手法为“举例说明”。 2.D 猜测词义题。由上文可概括出,转基因公司承诺转基因技术会增加粮食产量,还可使农民节省买杀虫剂的费用,故boost为“增加”之意。根据第二段首句“...increased the production potential (潜力) of any crop.”也可得知答案。
3.B 事实细节题。第三段提到“...GM companies tell farmers that they will make good profits by saving money on pesticides (杀虫剂). ”,由此可知,转基因公司告诉农民,他们可以节省买杀虫剂的费用,以此获得更多利润。故答案为B项。
4.C 推理判断题。作者首先提出问题,然后论证转基因食品无法增加粮食产量,无法减少杀虫剂的使用量,无法解决世界粮食危机。因此,作者对转基因技术的态度是“反对的或不赞成的(disapproving)。” 【长难句子分析】
虽然转基因种子价格高,但转基因公司告诉农民,他们可以节省买杀虫剂的费用,以此来获得更多利润。
while意为“虽然;尽管”,引导让步状语从句,主句中that引导宾语从句,介词by在句中表示方式。
Passage 14
语篇解读:本文为议论文。作者围绕着个人应该为取得高学历付学费这一个观点展开辩论。
1.B 猜测词义题。根据第二段的最后两句话,有关资源方面有很多紧迫的呼声,而使用纳税人的钱来帮助一小部分人在将来获得高收入并不在这些呼声中,可以判断them指的是pressing calls。
2.D 事实细节题。根据文章的第三段的最后一句话可以判断出本题选择D项。
3.A 推理判断题。根据第五段所议论的内容,可以判断出作者提到business是为了反对大学教育免费。
Passage 15
语篇解读:本文论述了“署名”的问题,署名是负责任的象征,但有些情况下,人们不愿“署名”。
1.D 推理判断题。由文章论述的内容尤其是末段倒数第二句的It is a matter of
responsibility to use it when we make a statement,a claim or an accusation.可以推出D项正确。
2.B 事实细节题。由第二段末句可知答案为B。
3.B 事实细节题。由文章倒数第二段内容可知答案为B。
4.C 主旨大意题。通读文章可知,本文主要讲述的是署名与责任的问题,故选C。 【长难句子分析】
我们都以自己的名字为荣,只有在我们表述的建议上签上自己的名字,我们才能尊重自己所说的话。
该句中使用了强调句式。
Passage 16
语篇解读:一次最近的调查表明了人们对于科学及其如何运用于人类世界的不同态度。尽管大多数人都持积极的态度,但有人认为科学发展及其应用最终可能危害人类。只有通过大家的努力,才能让科学更好服务于人类。 1.B 推理判断题。文章第一段已点明了全文的主要内容:尽管人们对科学一般都是积极的态度,但最近调查表明还存在着广泛的担忧。
2.C 事实细节题。从文章第三段最后两句可知答案为C。
3.D 推理判断题。文章最后一段最后一句句意:只有通过充满希望的人们团结努力,我们才能安全地与错误地使用科学的现象作斗争,将来才能让科学更好服务于人类。 4.B 主旨大意题。文章第一段表明了全文的主要内容。 【长难句子分析】
and
科学进步如此之快,受商业影响如此之深,让我们有可能认为我们无论做出何种决定都没有什么作用。本句是so...that的句式结构。that引导的结果状语从句中含有whatever引导的宾语从句。 五、广告说明
Passage 1
语篇解读:本文为应用文。主要介绍了英国国家美术馆的展品以及展馆的布置、开放时间及路线等情况。
1.A 细节理解题。根据Description部分中的第二句可知,在13世纪的藏品中含有宗教绘画作品。
2.B 细节理解题。根据Layout部分中的第二段内容可知,Leonardo da Vinci的作品在“The main West Wing”展出。
3.D 细节理解题。根据Getting There部分中提供的信息可知,从Charing Cross至英国国家美术馆步行只需两分钟,因此这个地铁站距离英国国家美术馆最近。 【疑难词汇解读】
1.house v.收藏,是……的贮藏处
The gallery houses 2,000 works of modern art. 美术馆收藏了2 000件现代艺术作品。 2.reach vt.被……看到
Through television and radio we are able to reach a wider audience. 通过电视和收音机,我们能够为更加广泛的观众和听众所熟悉。
Passage 2
语篇解读:本文为说明文。主要介绍新加坡的CRF生产各种巧克力。
1.C 事实细节题。由第一段第一句中的“Given that many people’s moods(情绪)are regulated by the chemical action of chocolate...”可知,巧克力能改善人们的情绪,故选C项。
2.D 推理判断题。由第二段第一句中的“that’s because Lee is not merely a seasoned salesperson but also head of a marketing department...”可知,Lee不仅是一个经验丰富的销售员而且是一个与一些大品牌有业务往来的市场部经理,正是他丰富的市场经验使得他的理念得以发展。故选D项。
3.C 事实细节题。由最后一段第一句The CRF’s produce is “green”,made within the country and divided into 10 lines,with the Alcohol Series being the most popular.可知选C项。
4.A 推理判断题。根据画线部分后的定语从句“who think that they have a better knowledge of chocolate than others”可知,chocolate snobs是指那些对巧克力非常熟悉的人,可推断出他们也是对巧克力比较挑剔的人,故选A项,be particular about意为“对……挑剔”。 【疑难词汇解读】
1.regulate vt.控制,管理
strict rules regulating the use of chemicals in food 化学物在食物中使用的严格规定 2.result in导致,造成
The accident resulted in the death of two passengers. 这起事故导致两名乘客死亡。
Passage 3
语篇解读:本文是一篇网页宣传。主要是讲述为了能把老年人的一些智慧传递下
去,Andrew Zuckerman对全世界50位65岁以上的老人做了采访。大家能借助这个网站对采访的情况有更多了解。
1.A 推理判断题。由文章第一段第一句“One of the greatest gifts one generation can give to other generations is the wisdom it has gained from experience.”可知,这些老人的智慧是他们给下一代的礼物,所以应该传递下去。故A项正确。 2.D 细节理解题。由Federico Mayor Zaragoza部分的内容可知,Federico Mayor Zaragoza既在医药方面取得成就,同时还在政治领域工作多年,另外还出版了大量书籍,总的来说,他在不同的领域都取得了成就,故D项正确。
3.C 推理判断题。由Nadine Gordimer介绍中的第一句“Due to a weak heart,Nadine Gordimer attended school and university briefly.”可推知,因为心脏不好,她上学的时间很短,故她最有可能说“我的教育一直是图书馆和书”。
4.B 根据第一段和文章的最后一句话我们可知,这个网站的主要目的不仅仅是宣传这三位人物的成就或者智慧,由此可排除C、D两项。而A项“为了表现Zuckerman的获奖情况”与文章内容不符,因为文中并未提及Zuckerman获得过哪些奖,故排除。文中第一段最后一句话和第二段“Click...interviews.”表明这个网站的目的是使Zuckerman的项目公开化,让所有人都能上网看到,所以B项正确。 【疑难词汇解读】
available adj.可获得的,可得到的
Tickets are available free of charge from the school. 学校有免费票。
【长难句子分析】
一代人能够给其他代人的最伟大的礼物之一就是他们从经验中获得的智慧。
Passage 4
语篇解读:本篇为说明文。文章主要说明了认真倾听别人的好处。对于病人来说,如果别人能认真倾听病人的心声,对他们的病也有一定的疗效。 1.D 猜测句意题。从上文中的“to experience as far as possible someone else’s world from the inside”可知,画线部分指的是要理解说话者的内心世界。选D项。 2.A 主旨大意题。从第二段中的“Listening well also requires total concentration upon someone else.”及“Moreover”等关键内容信息可知,本段讲的是如何认真倾听,故选A项。 3.B 细节理解题。从第三段中的“Even though we may feel in our business dealings or social relationships that we are listening well,what we are usually doing is listening selectively.”可知,在交流中,人们总是有选择,也就是有目的地倾听别人的讲话内容。故选B项。
4.B 细节理解题。从最后一段中的“but chief among them,I believe,was the patient’s sense that he or she was being truly listened to,often for the first time in years,and for some,perhaps for the first time ever”可知,作者认为,病人好转,其原因是有人也许第一次能认真倾听他们的心声。
5.D 推理判断题。本文主要讲的是认真倾听别人的好处,属心理学及病理学研究的范畴,应为科普文章。 【长难句子分析】
Even though we may feel in our business dealings or social
即使我们可能在商业交易或在社交活动中,觉得自己在认真倾听,但通常情况下我们在做的是有选择地倾听别人。
Passage 5
语篇解读:德国的一项研究表明,与悲观者相比,对自己的未来过于乐观的人在未来10年更容易出现残疾或死亡。该研究还发现,年轻人对自己未来生活的满意度估计过高,中年人预测相对较准确,而老年人往往低估自己未来生活的满意度。
1.B 事实细节题。根据第四段内容可知,18—39岁的年轻人会高估自己未来生活的满意度,65岁及以上年龄的人往往会低估自己未来生活的满意度,而40—岁的中年人则对自己未来生活的满意度估计更准确一些。 2.C 推理判断题。根据第六段和第七段内容可知,对自己未来悲观的人比期望乐观未来的人对自己的日常行为更加小心,这样的人可能会及时采取措施应对潜在的危险,因此选C。 3.A 推理判断题。根据第八段中第一句可知,与身体不好或收入不高的人相比,身体好或者收入高的受访者往往预料自己身体垮得更厉害或收入明显减少。因此选A。 4.D 推理判断题。文章开头提到不同年龄段的人对自己未来生活满意度的估计不同;从文章接下来的内容可知,年轻人更乐观,中年人较实际,老年人更悲观,看来对未来生活满意度估计的程度是随着年龄而递减的,因此选D。 【长难句子分析】
Lang和他的同事们认为,对自己未来悲观的人比期望乐观未来的人对自己的行为更加小心。
Passage 6
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文,属于广告文体,介绍了一种新型的便携式暖风机。与其他的暖风机相比较,它有很多优点,且价格优惠。机不可失,失不再来。 1.B 段落主旨题。本段提到这种加热器没有可以引起火灾的外露部件,它的外部不会烧伤孩子或宠物,由此可知本段主要讨论的是这种加热器的安全性。 2.A 推理判断题。第三段第一句提到这种加热器不会减少室内的氧气,下一句提到其他的加热器会因燃烧掉氧气而让你感到昏昏欲睡,由此可推断出这种加热器不消耗氧气,也不会让人昏昏欲睡,故A项正确。 3.D 猜测词义题。本段提到这种先进的加热器的覆盖面积多达350平方英尺,而其他的加热器的大部分热量只集中在房屋,再结合本段最后一句的内容可推测出这种加热器可以把热量“均衡”地散发到房间中,故选D项。 4.A 写作意图题。文章先是叙述了这种加热器的种种优点,接着提到了优质服务和价格折扣,再结合最后一段中的内容可知,本文意在劝说人们购买这种产品。 【长难句子分析】
现在我们有为期十天的特惠活动。在活动期间,可享受半价并免费送货。
Passage 7
语篇解读:本文为说明文。主要介绍了几家各具特色的博物馆,可以带给孩子们一些新的体验。
1.C 事实细节题。根据第三段对natural history museum的介绍可知答案。本段提到“pictures of stars in the sky”,这与universe(宇宙)相对应。
2.C 事实细节题。根据第四段最后一句可知,在Youtheater,孩子们可以看到木偶的制作。 3.B 猜测词义题。根据最后一段中“They’ll keep your child mentally and physically active...while pushing buttons,experimenting,and building.”可知,这里指通过动手操作而学习的方式。
4.C 推理判断题。概括全文可知,本文主要介绍了带孩子去游览的几家各具特色的博物馆。 【疑难词汇解读】
hands-on adj.实际操作的;亲身实践的
He has hands-on experience of a computer keyboard. 他有操作计算机的实际经验。 【长难句子分析】 Also,
还有,问问有哪些是为孩子们准备的工作室和教育项目以及即将举办哪些特殊活动。 what引导的宾语从句作动词ask的宾语;that引导定语从句,修饰先行词events。
Passage 8
语篇解读:本文为旅游广告,向人们介绍了2012年是去the UK旅游的最佳时机,在此期间优惠多多,机不可失,不要错过。
1.D 事实细节题。根据文中“The stay must be booked directly with the chosen B&Bs before 28/04/2012.”可知答案为D。 2.B 事实细节题。根据文中“￡20 per room,per night,valid (有效的) during stay period of 02/04/2012—31/05/2012 and then again 01/09/2012—31/10/2012”可知答案为B。
3.B 事实细节题。根据文中“The B&Bs reserve the right to refuse voucher holders’ bookings for people under the age of 18.”可知答案为B。 4.A 事实细节题。根据文中“The offer is valid for a basic twin or double room only.”可知答案为A。 【长难句子分析】
遍及英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士以及北爱尔兰的200多家旅馆被(精心)选出来为您以超低的价格提供令您惊喜的服务。
Passage 9
语篇解读:本文为应用文,属于新闻广告类。全文介绍了六项非比寻常的世界吉尼斯纪录。
1.C 事实细节题。根据Fastest 100 m running on all fours标题下最后三句可知,Kenichi Ito之所以被描述为“超能力”是因为他创下了“四肢百米最快奔跑”新纪录。
2.D 事实细节题。根据Longest ears on a dog标题下第二段第一句可知,Jeffries是“最长狗耳朵”纪录的前保持者。 3.B 事实细节题。根据Most T-shirts worn at once标题下倒数第二句“...Budiseli said he began struggling around T-shirt No.120.”可知,他在穿上第120件T恤的时候就感觉行动困难了。
4.A 事实细节题。B项19年;C项2010年;D项2010年,故A项2011年4月4日为这四项纪录中最新的吉尼斯世界纪录。
Passage 10
语篇解读:本篇为应用文,为新闻广告类。本文对几个休闲的好去处作了介绍。
1.C 事实细节题。根据King’s Art Centre中的最后一句The Centre also runs two life drawing classes for which there is a small fee.可知选C项。
2.B 事实细节题。根据The Botanic Garden第二段中的The multi-branched Torch Aloe here is impressive.和第三段中的...a plant more commonly known as the Venus Flytrap 可知Torch Aloe和Venus Flytrap都令人印象很深刻。
3.B 推理判断题。根据Byron’s Pool第一段中的Byron did manage to pass the time pleasantly enough...He spent a great deal of time walking in the village.推出Byron似乎喜欢散步。
4.A 事实细节题。根据Byron’s Pool第二段中的...in the lake....known as Byron’s Pool...the pool is surrounded by beautiful circular paths around the fields.可知选A项。
5.A 主旨大意题。根据文章首段关键词...weekend break...some places...和段意可知本文主要讲“周末的休闲场所”。
Passage 11
语篇解读:本文为说明文,介绍了一家鞋类收藏品博物馆。这里展品丰富,你可以看到从古埃及人到现代流行歌星穿过的鞋子。 1.A 事实细节题。根据Room 1的介绍可知,该展室展出的是名人的鞋子,所以要寻找著名歌星的鞋子就来这里。
2.A 事实细节题。通读全文可知,四个展区的展品都与“鞋子”有关,所以它们的主题相同,故A项正确。
3.D 事实细节题。根据The Footwear Library中Designers and researchers come here to look up information可知D项正确。Room 1中Started in the 1950s指的是这家博物馆,所以A项不正确;B项在Room 2中未提及;C项在文中也未提及。 4.C 推理判断题。通读全文可知,介绍这家博物馆的目的是吸引更多的游客,所以C项正确。 【长难句子分析】
,
比如,有中国妇女为了防止她们的脚长得太大而用以紧紧裹脚的丝质鞋子! 句中made of silk是过去分词短语作后置定语,相当于which/that were made of silk;that were worn...是定语从句,修饰先行词Chinese shoes;定语从句中的两个不定式短语均作目的状语。
Passage 12
语篇解读:本文为说明文,属于介绍说明类。文章向读者介绍了哈佛大学和麻省理工学院向互联网用户提供免费网络课程,还有很多大学也将陆续加入其中。
1.C 事实细节题。根据文章第一段...Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) said that they have joined forces to offer free online courses...以及第二段第一句话...a number of courses...at both universities will be offered online...known as edX.可知本题应选C项。
2.A 推理判断题。第一段首先提到Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology (MIT) said that they have joined forces to offer free online courses,及文章第七段Other universities...have been experimenting with teaching to a global population online.可知很多所大学都已开始尝试网络课程,故选择A项。
3.B 猜测词义题。此句话直译为“系好你的安全带”,根据常识可知系好安全带说明准备出发,在此可能指准备做某事,此句话的前一句中Harvard and MIT hope other universities will join them in offering courses,由此可知这里是号召其他学校也加入到变革的行列中来,故选择B项。
4.C 推理判断题。根据文章第三段中...it also would begin offering a special
certificate,known as MITx,for people who complete certain online courses.可知MITx可以为完成这些网络课程的人们做认证,故选择C项。 【疑难词汇解读】
1.join forces 联合,合作,同心协力
The nationalists joined forces with the Communists. 民族主义者与主义者通力合作。
2.platform n.平台(指使用中的电脑系统或软件)
We are changing from an IBM to a Macintosh platform. 我们要把IBM操作平台换成苹果操作平台。
Passage 13
语篇解读:本文为应用文。四篇文章均为招聘广告。
1.A 事实细节题。由文中第一部分最后两句得知答案为A项。
2.D 事实细节题。由文中第二部分时间要求可知此人要工作大约一个月。
3.C 事实细节题。由文中第三部分中的a school leaver(毕业生)可知答案为C项。 4.C 事实细节题。由文中第四部分第二句“你应该擅长电脑”可知答案为C项。
Passage 14
语篇解读:本文为应用文。本文是关于几本图书的介绍,内容包括书名、作者和内容梗概等。
1.A 事实细节题。根据Book 1栏中的第二句可知,她发现她自己要在对动物被试验的同情与和班亭和拜斯特之间的友谊之间作痛苦的抉择。所以答案为A项。
2.A 事实细节题。根据Book 1 栏中的第二句提到animals(动物)和Book 5栏中的第一句提到dinosaurs(恐龙)可知,答案为A项,即第一本书和第五本书中都提到了动物。 3.C 推理判断题。根据Book 5栏中的内容:10岁男孩牛顿发明了一台时间机器可以近距离地观察恐龙。但在一次与他的两位大块头朋友(King Herbert and Queen Certrude)试运行时,它消失了。可知答案为C项。
4.C 事实细节题。根据Book 3栏中的最后一句可知,答案为C项。
Passage 15
语篇解读:本文是广告类应用文,介绍了友人组织的目的和性质,呼吁人们加入其志愿活动。
1.A 事实细节题。由Activities中第二段的第一句We keep an eye on...and threats to the National Park such as massive leisure complexes可知这一组织不赞成建大量的休闲娱乐设施。故选A。
2.C 事实细节题。根据第四个标题下的第五条Satisfaction of participation in work parties...可知。
3.B 推理判断题。根据全文末句If interested,please complete the Application Form at www.fpnp.org.uk.可知,该海报的目的是邀请更多人的参与。
Passage 16
语篇解读:本文是应用文中的广告类,文中作者向我们介绍了参观莎士比亚诞生地及有关莎士比亚生平与著作展览的相关信息。
1.B 事实细节题。由ADMISSION部分中Family￡12.00(2 adults+up to 3 children)可知B正确。
2.C 事实细节题。由倒数第三条中“nearest is Windsor Street (3 minutes’ walk)”可知C项正确。
3.A 事实细节题。由“The House may present difficulties but...”可知坐轮椅的人要进入the House会有困难,而进入B、C、D项所指的地方没有困难。 【疑难词汇解读】
1.lively adj.生动的,栩栩如生的
He has a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting. 他有一种奇特的方式,能使得课堂生动有趣。 2.within (easy) walking distance 在步行范围内
The park is within (easy) walking distance from the city centre. 公园离市中心就几步路的距离。 【长难句子分析】
||
,
.
对于轮椅使用者来说,可能进入房子有些困难,但是游客中心、展览厅还有花园都可以进入。
三年模拟·实战
考点演练
考点一:写人记事
( A )
语篇解读:在作者的心里,祖母一直是一个坚强、骄傲的人,但由于作者对祖母所做的饭菜抱怨而使老人落泪。作者发自内心的道歉使祖母破涕为笑,同时作者也深切体会到请求原谅的好处。
1.D 推理判断题。由第一段的描述可知,祖母一家人离开自己的国家去美国是为了躲避战乱,寻找一个新的(不一定是富裕的)、和平的生活,故选D项。
2.A 细节理解题。由第二段的...all I could do was to complain about how the food was not how Mom always made it可知A项正确。
3.B 细节理解题。由第三段的I apologized without being told to and asked Nanny to forgive me可知,作者看到坚强的祖母哭了,深感内疚,故走过去向她道歉,故选B项。 4.A 推理判断题。作者通过讲述自己的一个经历,说明了请求原谅有利于一个人的学习、成长和学会有爱心,故选A项。 【长难句子分析】
,
and
她微笑着,抚摸着我的头,告诉我说我是个好孩子,即使那时我觉得我不是。
( B )
语篇解读:一个生来就病魔缠身的女孩,用自己坚强的意志和对正常生活的渴望勇敢地同疾病作斗争,最终她的勇敢激励了很多孩子,并感染了她的父母和很多爱心人士,为自己赢得了一个可以在里面玩耍的花园。 1.C 细节理解题。由第一段的内容可知,Bea因为身体太虚弱,连普通的感冒都没有抵抗力,因此,如果和同龄的孩子们一块玩,一旦染上疾病就会面临生命危险,故选C项。
2.D 推理判断题。由第三段Bea的妈妈说的话She is weak but so strong.We’ve never seen any child stronger than her.It seems as if nothing in the world could beat her.可知,她的妈妈为女儿的坚强而自豪,故选D项。由第二段的最后一句话可知,Bea出院后鼻子里需要插管子送药,但没说一直插着,故排除A项;由第二段的...Bea was allowed home in February...可排除B项;由第三段的We really hope to send her to school next year可排除C项。
3.A 推理判断题。由最后一段可知,Bea勇敢和疾病抗争的精神鼓励了很多孩子,The
Make-A-Wish Foundation为了向她的勇敢表示敬意而为她建造了供她玩的花园,故选A项。 4.C 细节理解题。由倒数第二段的She never stopped fighting the disease.I know she’s dying for such a normal life可知C项正确。
【疑难词汇解读】
1.be diagnosed with 被诊断有……病
To his sorrow,he was diagnosed with cancer last week. 令他悲伤的是,上一周他被诊断得了癌症。 2.heartbreaking adj. 令人心碎的,悲伤的
There is a heartbreaking news report about starving children. 有一则关于饥饿儿童的令人心碎的新闻报导。 【长难句子分析】
Bea,一个五岁的女孩,天生就患有一种严重的疾病,这就意味着她必须远离和她同龄的孩子们,因为她的身体太虚弱了连普通感冒也抗不过去。
( C )
语篇解读:一个偶然的机会使一个因为随心所欲进食而导致体重严重超重的女孩改变了饮食的态度和方法,通过不懈的努力终于减肥成功。
1.C 细节理解题。由第一段的...my weight gain was my love for cooking,especially rich,high-fat desserts,which I enjoyed preparing and,of course,eating可知,作者体重增加的原因是酷爱烹饪和吃高脂肪的甜点导致的,故选C项。 2.C 细节理解题。由第二段的...as the weight came on,but I did nothing about it except buy larger plus-size clothes可知,随着作者体重的增加,她唯一能做的事情就是买更大号的衣服,故选C项。其他三项均不符合文章的内容。 3.A 主旨大意题。作者通过自己辛苦减肥的经历,告诉大家健康饮食的重要性。最后一段的My dream is to help others realize the ease and benefits of low-fat cooking and eating表达了作者的愿望,故选A项。
4.D 细节理解题。前两段提到作者虽然很胖,但一点也不注意饮食,在第三段提到参加朋友的新年聚会时看到镜子里肥胖且不健康的自己,猛然惊醒,故选D项。由第二段的Lacking the self-confidence to go to a new,faraway school,I decided to stay close to home instead of going away to college可排除A项;由第三段的My turning point came 10 years later at a friend’s New Year’s Eve party...可排除B项;由最后一段的前两句话可排除C项。
5.D 推理判断题。由全文内容可知,作者一开始由于肥胖而遭到别人嘲笑,因此变得不自信,而且也严重影响了身体健康,故选D项。 【疑难词汇解读】
1.deprived adj.被剥夺的;贫困的;缺少食物的 He had a deprived childhood. 他有过贫困的孩提时代。
2.out of reach 够不着,达不到 The ball was out of my reach. 我够不着这个球。 【长难句子分析】
既然我知道了当我专心做事的时候我会成功,我的梦想就不再遥远了。
( D )
语篇解读:本文讲述了Billy Peck听信假朋友的赞扬而遇险而在真正的朋友帮助下得救的经历。
1.B 细节理解题。第三段中He said they were doing great,and he bet they could cross any place on that rope of theirs.说明它讲了许多好听的话。
2.A 推理判断题。根据第五段中He wanted him to realize that he wasn’t such a great tightrope walker,and this thing with the ravine would be really dangerous.可以看出Artie Quack是想帮助朋友不让朋友出危险才阻止Billy Peck去跨越峡谷的。 3.B 细节理解题。第九段中...flying high,Billy could see that over on the other side of the ravine there was a load of well-hidden and delicious delicacies.Billy realized that that was all the greedy ram had been interested in.He wanted those foods,but couldn’t cross the ravine himself,so he tried to use Billy to get them.这些句子清楚说明公羊是为了实现自己的愿望才叫Billy Peck去跨越峡谷的。 4.D 顺序排列题。根据文章所陈述的事件顺序,D是正确选项。
5.C 推理判断题。文章讲述了Billy Peck听信假朋友的赞扬而遇险,由此可见文章告诫我们不能去相信那些对我们进行虚假赞扬的人。
( E )
语篇解读:本文是一篇介绍人物的文章。介绍的是Amazon公司创始人Jeffrey Bezos的一生。
1.B 事实细节题。第二段介绍了他的童年时代,因此,本题答案应在第二段。由第一句:“Jeffrey showed intense and varied scientific interests at an early age.”可知,他在很小的时候就对科学表现出了浓厚的兴趣。因此答案为B。
2.C 推理判断题。第三段提到“...looked forward to a bright career in finance,when he made a discovery that changed his life,and the course of business history.”下文提到他注意到了因特网商业的巨大商机并创办了Amazon公司,以及第五段最后一句可知他改变了商业历史的进程是因为他创建了一种快速发展的新型商业模式。
3.D 推理判断题。由第五段第二句可知他用有许多河流分支似乎无尽头的河流名称来命名公司,是希望他的公司能够顺利而且永无止境地运转,故答案为D。
4.A 事实细节题。文章第三段第一句谈及他在普林斯顿大学毕业并取得计算机和电气工程的学位,但并没提及他攻读物理的刻苦程度,因此答案为A。选项B在第五段第三句“It started as an online bookstore...”提到;C项在最后一段尤其最后一句“Giving away money takes as much attention as building a successful company”中提及;D项创建Amazon公司的原因在第四段最后一句进行了阐述。
5.D 推理判断题。从文章的整体内容可知,从小就对科学充满了浓厚的兴趣,而后及时捕捉到了因特网商业中的巨大商机,成立了Amazon公司,之后又积极投入到慈善事业中,由此可推断出他具有敏锐的商业头脑和一颗善良的心,即答案为D。 【疑难词汇解读】
1.intense adj. 强烈的,极度的
The fracture caused him intense pain. 骨折给他造成了剧烈的疼痛。 2.commerce n. 商业、交易、贸易
Our overseas commerce has increased a great deal. 我们的海外贸易已大大增加。 【长难句子分析】
,
当他在普林斯顿大学拿到计算机和电气工程学位毕业之后,杰夫·贝佐斯就职于华尔街,在那里研究市场趋势的计算机科学需求量很大。 考点二:社会文化
( A )
语篇解读:本文讲述了一种社会现象——一旦有新款电子产品上市,即使变化不大,很多人也会在自己的电子产品性能很好的情况下盲目追求新款,这样做有必要吗?
1.C 推理判断题。由文章首句Although his one-year-old smart-phone still works perfectly,Li Jijia already feels the need to replace it和第三段的Li’s impatience is shared by many可知,作者对这种现象持批评的态度,故选C项。 2.A 推理判断题。由第五段的“planned obsolescence (淘汰)” is the trick behind the upgrading culture of today’s consumer electronics industry可知,电子产业利用“计划报废”的策略,故意设计生产一些在一定时间内就会被淘汰的产品,然后推出所谓的新产品上市,以达到吸引消费者的目的,故选A项。
3.D 细节理解题。由文章内容可知,很多人喜欢新的、好看的东西,苹果公司不断推出新款的产品目的是为了多挣钱,由第九段的Apple’s annual upgrades of its products create sales of millions of units...也可以得出答案为D项。
4.B 推理判断题。由文章最后一段可知,当朋友们有了新款的手机而自己没有的话,Li Jijia会担心失去和朋友的部分联系,故选B项。 【疑难词汇解读】
1.release v.&n.释放,发行
He called for the immediate release of all political prisoners. 他要求立即释放所有政治犯。 2.leave out 漏掉,不考虑,忽略
Don’t leave out any necessary information on your application. 你在申请单上不要遗漏任何必要的信息。 【长难句子分析】
在新产品上市后很快就有很多消费者急切地更新他们的电子产品,即使他们拥有的这些产品的工作性能仍然很好。
( B )
语篇解读:文化差异会给身在国外的中国人带来很多不便,甚至麻烦和危险,所以出国求学的中国学生在出国前一定要多了解一下中外之间的文化差异。
1.A 词义猜测题。由第五段的描述可知,翟田田虽然没有和老师发生身体的冲突,但是他说了老师认为具有威胁性的话,故A项正确。 2.C 句意猜测题。由第三段的...she didn’t literally mean what she said and that she was not aware of the full meaning of the word ‘hate’in English可知,那位日本姑娘没有意识到hate在英语中的真正含义,故选C项。 3.B 细节理解题。由第五段的...making threats to a professor who gave him a low mark可知B项正确。由第五段的...trying to set fire to a campus building可排除A项;由第五段的...who studied at the Stevens Institute of Technology可排除C项;由第五段的No physical altercation took place...可排除D项。
4.B 主旨大意题。全文用几个例子表明了由于文化差异而导致的语言翻译的混乱和麻烦,故选B项。
【疑难词汇解读】
1.undergraduate n.(未获学士学位的)大学生 adj.大学生(身份)的
Most of them are still undergraduate students.
他们大多还是在读的大学生。
2.terroristic adj.的,暴力主义的
Subway is faced with the terroristic threat of various forms. 地铁面临着多种形式的恐怖威胁。 【长难句子分析】
翟田田,就读于史蒂文思理工学院,被指控试图放火烧校园大楼和威胁给他低分的教授。
( C )
语篇解读:本文谈论的是低碳经济这一话题。 1.A 词义猜测题。由第一段Developed and developing nations can learn from each other in the pursuit of a low-carbon economy和第三段的While we can learn many aspects from developed nations,they should also learn something from us可知lag是“落后于”之意。故选A项。
2.B 正误判断题。根据第七段...LCA is an effective tool in helping manufacturing industries reduce carbon emissions可知选B项。
3.D 推理判断题。由倒数第二段“wants to receive”可知receive的动作还未发生。所以D项符合题意。
4.D 细节理解题。由最后一段的...save energy,reduce costs and increase reliability可排除A、B、C项。D项文中未提及,故为正确选项。
5.B 主旨大意题。本文主要讲述的是“低碳经济,我们共同的目标”。故选B项。
( D )
语篇解读:“鹰爸”教育孩子的方法挑战了中国传统的教育方式,在社会上引起广泛争议,面对人们的质疑,听听鹰爸是怎么说的吧!
1.B 细节理解题。由第二段的...came under the spotlight this month after his child took part in an 18-kilometer race...可知,鹰爸引起人们的关注是因为让自己仅四岁的孩子参加长达18千米的赛跑,故选B项。
2.D 推理判断题。由第五段引用的张如霞所说的话可知D项正确。由第三段的描述和第五段的最后一句话可知A、B、C三项均为鹰爸的观点。 3.D 词义猜测题。上文提到鹰爸让儿子洗冷水浴引起了很多人的非议,而他认为这种情况在日本司空见惯,没有人会对此事大加谈论,故选D项。
4.C 推理判断题。由倒数第三段的最后一句话He said the doubts about his methods reflect the declining standards of modern education可知,鹰爸认为人们质疑他的教育方法反映了现在教育水平的下降,即现在教育没有足够的挑战,故选C项。 【疑难词汇解读】
1.dismiss v.解雇,解散;驳回
He was dismissed for his casual attitude to his work. 因为工作态度不认真他被解雇了。 2.lay out 设计,安排
They showed us how to lay out a printed page. 他们给我们展示了怎样安排版面。 【长难句子分析】
,
王说除了体能训练外,他还设计了详细而特别的项目以加强孩子的智力水平。
( E )
语篇解读:面对经济和社会压力,年轻人心理上会有什么变化。中美两国的专家对年轻人做过调查后发现,两国年轻人面对经济和社会压力都出现了相同的心理表现。
1.C 事实细节题。根据文章首段可知:经济和社会压力使得年轻人缺乏信心。选项C正确。 2.B 事实细节题。根据文章第三段“which was not the case in the 1960s when young people thought themselves capable of doing anything”可知,二十世纪六十年代,美国的年轻人非常有信心。因此,选项B正确。
3.B 猜测词义题。结合文章第五段“as well as to encourage them to meet the urgent needs of society”及第六段的信息可知:针对年轻人的问题,专家号召整个社会关注年轻人的健康成长,鼓励他们满足社会的迫切要求。催促年轻人振作精神,致力于社会的需要,诸如人们的温饱、住房、关心孤独的人和生病的人、为老年人服务和环境保护等公益事业。因此,commit应该为“致力于”的意思,选项B符合语境。 4.B 主旨大意题。通览全文可知:本文主要谈及中美两国年轻人在经济和社会压力下出现的问题及专家们提出解决该问题的建议。选项B较全面地概括了全文的大意,为正确选项。 【长难句子分析】
,
,
,
他说,在这些情况下,年轻人缺乏信心,这与二十世纪六十年代的情况不同,那个时候,年轻人认为他们能够做任何事情。 考点三:科普知识
( A )
语篇解读:本文讲述了一项重要发明“热力发动机”的重要性和为人类所做出的贡献。 1.C 主旨大意题。由全文内容尤其是最后一段的In conclusion,heat engines proved to be one of the most important inventions...可知,本文主要是关于热力发动机自发明以来在很多方面所起的重要作用,故选C项。
2.A 词义猜测题。由第一段关于热力发动机的定义...the heat engine is a device that transforms heat energy into other forms of energy,such as mechanical and electrical energy可知,热力发动机就是把热能转化成如机械能和电能的一种设备,故选A项。 3.A 细节理解题。由第二段的Scientists developed machines,based on heat engines,which could increase the amount of goods produced,and at the same
time,decrease the amount of time and money consumed...可知,机器的使用提高了产量,减少了生产时间和劳动成本,故A项正确。其他三项与文章内容不符。 4.C 推理判断题。由第四段的...It was called the car,and it also used the heat engine可知C项正确。由第三段的A new era replaced the old era of animal-powered
transportation,an era whose characteristics were speed and comfort可排除A项;由文章的首句和最后一段的第一句话可排除B项;由第三段的...animal-powered...可排除D项。
【疑难词汇解读】
1.decrease v.&n.降低;下降,减少
The number of the workers in that factory is decreasing. 那家工厂的工人的数量在下降。 2.affordable adj.付得起的
Now houses are affordable to most people. 现在多数人都能买得起房子。 【长难句子分析】
以热力发动机为基础,科学家们制造了机器,这大大提高产品数量的同时也降低了生产所需要的时间和成本。
( B )
语篇解读:英国的生物学家通过实验证明,“鱼”具有适应能力很强的特性,向我们揭开了鱼的世界的奥秘。
1.A 词义猜测题。由画线单词所在的句子...or even watching fellow fish overcome the difficulties influenced the future behavior of the creatures...可知,打斗的双方和观战的全是鱼,故选A项。 2.C 主旨大意题。由文章内容可知,作者先表明实验对象(虹鳟鱼),实验目的(whether they changed their outlook...),实验过程(鱼相互打斗,有观战鱼),实验结论(...influenced the future behavior of...),由此可知C项正确。
3.D 细节理解题。由倒数第二段的...shy fish that lost their fights also grew bolder when exploring strange new food...可知D项正确。由第四段的These bold fish that won their fights...losing their fight caused them to be much more cautious可排除A、B两项;由第五段的Bold fish watching a shy fish...more nervous 可排除C项。 4.C 主旨大意题。由文章的首句Fish have different personalities which change as...和最后一段的第一句话...animals can gradually adapt their personalities...可知,作者用首尾呼应的方式点出文章的主题,故选C项。 【疑难词汇解读】
1.bold adj.&n.勇敢的;明显的;粗体 Alice is a bold girl. 爱丽丝是一个勇敢的女孩。 2.outlook n.观点,态度;前景
He has a positive outlook on his life. 他有一个积极的人生观。 【长难句子分析】
and
科学家们挑选了特别勇敢的和害羞的虹鳟鱼,测试它们是否会因为生活的变化而改变它们看待事物的观点。
( C )
语篇解读:虫害一直是农民的心头大患,这不仅危害农作物的生长,还浪费了许多粮食。最新的农业科技给人们带来了福音,那就是用密封袋来保护农作物以远离虫害。 1.A 主旨大意题。由第一段(主题段)及全文内容可知,一种密封塑料袋在不使用任何化学药品的前提下,能够保护农民的收成不受虫害影响。故Simple Bags Save the Harvest最能概括全文的中心。
2.D 推理判断题。由第二段的第二、三、四句内容可知,bruchids是一种在粮食储藏过程中繁殖很快的昆虫,它们能够在几个星期内长成成虫,产下40到60个甚至更多的虫卵。D项中multiply有“增加;繁殖”之意。
3.C 细节理解题。由第三段的内容可知,农民们使用杀虫剂来杀虫,由于他们错用或过量使用,使粮食遭到污染,从而造成食用者死亡,故“杀手豆”来源于农民不正当地使用杀虫剂。 4.B 细节理解题。由倒数第二段的最后一句话...donor support for the project will not last forever可知,持续不长的是赞助商的支持,而不是塑料袋,故选B项。由倒数第二段...insects already in the cowpeas will die from lack of oxygen...可排除A项; 由倒数第二段的Donors currently support the project...可知,目前密封塑料袋是免费由赞助商提供,故排除C项;由倒数第二段的The bags cost about two dollars each....get a better price for their crop可排除D项。 【疑难词汇解读】
1.storage n.储存;仓库
The collection has been in storage for decades. 这些收藏品已保管了几十年。
2.mishandle v.处理不当;错误地处理
Mishandling the problem has caused great trouble. 对这个问题处理不当已经引起了很大的麻烦。 【长难句子分析】
他说这种密封袋非常厚,任何已经进入牛豆中的虫子都会因缺少氧气而死亡。
( D )
语篇解读:约会对我们来说有可能如一场噩梦,但是,现在美国麻省理工学院媒体实验室正在研发一种X光眼镜,它将能够准确窥寻对方的心思,让你在约会时有额外的“感官”,知道该怎样去做。
1.D 主旨大意题。由全文可知,美国麻省理工学院媒体实验室正在研发一种X光眼镜,在约会时它将能够准确窥寻对方的心思,知道该怎样交谈。选项D全面概括此意。
2.C 推理判断题。由第四段的It works thanks to a camera the size of a grain of rice which is put into the glasses frame and connected via a wire to a small computer which can be attached to the user’s body可知,该眼镜工作原理主要在于其内置的机,因此可推断其重要性所在。
3.A 词义猜测题。由The eyewear was developed for people suffering from autism (孤独症) who have much difficulty interacting with others,可知孤独症患者通常为与他人交流沟通有困难者,结合句意可知interacting是“沟通、交流”之意,故选A项。 4.A 细节理解题。由文章第二段的...a red light means negative,yellow means they are a bit interested and green means your date is happy可知A正确。 5.D 推理判断题。本文讲述的是美国麻省理工学院媒体实验室正在研发一种X光眼镜,属科技方面的知识,因此本文应出自科技报告类,故选D项。 【疑难词汇解读】
1.application n.申请,应用
Students learned the practical application of the theory they had learned in the classroom.
学生们学会了将课堂上学到的理论付诸实际应用。 2.in progress 进行中
The construction of a new teaching building is in progress. 一座新的教学楼正在建造中。 【长难句子分析】
它是由嵌入眼镜架中如米粒大小的摄像机,通过导线与一台依附到使用者身体上的小型电脑连接而工作的。
( E )
语篇解读:美国科学家在很多主要城市安装了测量风向的传感器,目的是更加精确地为防范生化武器的袭击提供信息。
1.A 推理判断题。由文章第一段的...to map wind patterns and provide possible lifesaving information in...attack可知选A项。
2.D 细节理解题。由第四段的描述可知,来自主要机场的信息离市中心太远,以至于它们提供的信息用处不大,故选D项。
3.B 细节理解题。由第二段和最后两段可知,the wind mapping program 正在测试当中,故选B项。
4.A 主旨大意题。文章的第一段为本文的主题段,由此可知A项正确。 【疑难词汇解读】
1.undergo v.经历,经受
She is undergoing surgery. 她正在接受手术。
2.poisonous adj.有毒的
New furniture often gives out something poisonous. 新家具常释放有毒的东西。 【长难句子分析】
自2001年9月11日的恐怖袭击以来,针对恐怖袭击进行的模仿已经强调了通过释放有毒气体或放射性物质的方法尽快弄清那些可能受到影响的地方的重要性。 考点四:说理议论
( A )
语篇解读:到底要怎么样,我才能够做出正确的选择,而不是被所谓的紧急时刻、紧急事件牵着鼻子走呢?有时免不了心怀疑惑,到底我该做的是什么,如何让自己可以真正的无愧于日后呢?
1.C 细节理解题。依据文章第一段的第二句可知,这额外的时间会缓解我们生活中的巨大压力。故选项C正确。
2.D 细节理解题。依据第三段的doubt and misgiving (疑虑) produce anxiety as we review a month or year and become oppressed by the pile of unfinished tasks.可知,当我们回顾一个月或一年的事情时,怀疑和疑虑导致焦虑不安,因为未完成的任务有紧迫感。故选D项。
3.B 细节理解题。文章第四段这位棉纺织厂经理的话对作者触动很大,他的话是“你最大的危险就是让迫切的事挤走了重要的事。”因此选项B正确。 4.A 目的推断题。在文章尾部作者谈到,从时间上来看,紧急事情的假性的突起现象会消失;我们会带着失落感回忆那些把重要的任务推到一边的经历。因此选A项。
( B )
语篇解读:代沟一直都存在于两代人之间,与父辈相比,我们这一代总想飞得更高,过得更好,但有时候回头想想父辈的人生,也许各有各的特点罢了,所谓“各有千秋”。
1.B 推理判断题。从文章第一段...I wandered through my parents’ house,...I had a sudden,scary realization....I tried to imagine myself in two years,ready to settle down and buy the house I’d still be living in almost 30 years later.知“作者开始回想人生”,所以答案选B项。
2.C 推理判断题。根据文章第二段It seemed ridiculous...More importantly,I wouldn’t want to.和第三段So this is probably the generation gap that divides my friends and me from our parents....settle into responsible adult lives知,我们之间的代沟更多的体现在对责任的态度,所以选C项。 3.A 推理判断题。根据第四段My friends and I—“Generation Y”—still aren’t sure what we want to do with our lives...We’d rather take risks first,try out different jobs,and move from one city to another until we find our favorite place...知,与父辈相比,我们这一代更不“安稳”,总要去尝试更多,而不愿意固定在某个地方或某个工作上,所以选A项。
4.D 推理判断题。从全文介绍知,作者的写作意图是要让更多的人了解他们这一代人的看法和观点,让人们理解这一代人,所以答案选D项。
5.B 主旨大意题。全文都是介绍两代人的差异性,所以整体体现在B项,两代人生活方式的对比,答案选B项。
( C )
语篇解读:每个人都会犯错,但是很多人犯错后因为内心的骄傲不愿意承认自己的错误,也不愿意向别人道歉,这不但对自己有害,还会伤害别人,进而影响人与人之间的关系。
1.B 细节理解题。由第一段的We are trapped in what we think of ourselves by holding onto our pride可知,人们不愿意道歉是因为内心的骄傲,故选B项。
2.C 推理判断题。由第二段的Maybe apologies come difficult for men because they’re expected to be dominant可知,男士通常被认为处于主导地位,所以他们会觉得道歉很没面子,故选C项。
3.D 细节理解题。由第三段可知,如果你不为自己的错误道歉的话,就会失去朋友对你的信任,然后对方也不会向你道歉,最终导致友谊的破裂,故D项正确。 4.C 推理判断题。由You need to stop hurting the other person and yourself by learning to apologize可知,道歉对犯错的人和受伤害的人都有好处,故选C项。交流错误就是道歉,但是道歉不能防止人犯错,故A项错误;犯错后及时道歉就不会使伤害加深,故B项错误;由文章最后一句话There is real power in apologizing and emotional healing可知D项错误。
【疑难词汇解读】
1.eat away at 困扰,烦扰
I wonder what was eating away at him. 我不知道什么事情使他烦心。
2.heal v. (使)恢复健康,恢复正常
Most of their wounds won’t heal properly. 这些人的伤大多数都不会彻底痊愈。 【长难句子分析】
and
他们可能会通过自己不道歉开始和你的不道歉行为对着干,为此,因为你们两个都被力量之争所困,你们的关系就会走下坡路。
( D )
语篇解读:自我提高是非常重要的,本文的作者就如何自我提高,成为一个受欢迎的人提出了宝贵的建议。
1.D 推理判断题。由第一段的第一句话...to pick up where we left off last time, I believe now we might all agree that self-improvement is of great benefit for each of us...可知,作者上一次的话题是关于自我提高的重要性的,故选D项。
2.A 主旨大意题。由该段的内容可知,作者建议人们做一个善解人意的,为他人考虑的人,故选A项。
3.B 词义猜测题。由此处的语境可知,如果你在饭馆吃饭的时候有不满的地方可以提出来,但是要合情合理,故选B项。
4.A 细节理解题。由作者提出的几点建议的内容可知A项正确。由第四段的Present the facts briefly, and don’t bring up unrelated incidents that happened...和Never hesitate to create a chance for other people to voice their opinions以及第五段的Don’t interrupt people when they’re speaking...可知B、C、D三项与作者的观点背道而驰。
【疑难词汇解读】
1.reasonable adj.合理的,公道的;有理性的 I bought the car at a reasonable price. 我以合理的价格买的这辆车。
2.far-reaching adj. 深远的,广泛的
What he said at the meeting has a far-reaching effect on us. 他在会上说的话对我们有深远的影响。 【长难句子分析】
然而,在自我提高的过程中会有很多需要耐心、感情力量和善良的地方。
( E )
语篇解读:很多学生和家庭面临着孩子择业问题的时候,具有很强的从众心理。这篇文章告诉我们,只要不断地学习,用充足地知识和技能武装自己,时刻铭记:机会是为那些有准备的人准备的。
1.B 推理判断题。由文章首句One of the biggest challenges facing students and their families ...和文章的最后一句话...creating opportunities for the students and workers of tomorrow...可知,作者的对象是针对准备就业的学生,故选B项。
2.A 细节理解题。由第二段的内容可知,当作者问到该学生为什么学习accounting 和financial investment 的时候,对方的回答是that was what everyone was studying,以及第三段的And I asked him what he was actually interested in and then—well the conversation kind of died由此可知,他根本不知道自己想干什么,仅仅是盲从别人,故选A项。
3.D 推理判断题。由文章内容可知,不断变化的世界带来了机遇,只有使自己有足够的竞争力,才会抓住机遇,迎接挑战,故选D项。
4.A 推理判断题。由第四段和文章最后一段可知,如果我们有了充足的准备,我们就能轻松地应对变革,抓住机遇,这时,世界带来变革和机遇就是令人兴奋的,故选A项。 【疑难词汇解读】
rewarding adj.值得的,有报酬的,有意义的 Gardening is a very rewarding pastime. 园艺劳动是非常有益的消遣。 【长难句子分析】
几天前,我和一个人谈话,他告诉我他最初学会计是因为几年前每个人都在学。 考点五:广告说明
( A )
语篇解读:圣诞节来临之际,Claire Green of Parents’ Choice Foundation为父母能给孩子选择物美价廉的玩具提供了有用的信息。
1.D 主旨大意题。本文在第一段中就点出主题,为父母给孩子选择圣诞礼物提供了2012年最好的玩具,故选D项。
2.A 细节理解题。由文中列举的六种玩具的价格对比可知选A项。
3.B 细节理解题。由最后两段的内容可知,Leapster Explorer可以玩游戏,而Spy Video TRAKR则不能,故选B项。由首段和最后两段的描述可知,其他三项均为这两种玩具的共同之处。
4.C 细节理解题。由最后一段的...with programs that let you see in the dark ( Night Vision)可知,Spy Video TRAKR可供儿童白天和晚上玩。由第一段的...attract the
imagination and develop playful learning...可知这是所有玩具的共性,故排除A项;由第四段的描述可排除B项;由第三段的... the box itself becomes part of the house可排除D项。
【长难句子分析】
为了圣诞节,Claire Green of Parents’ Choice Foundation ,一个非盈利的高质量的儿童传媒和玩具的导购组织,为不同年龄的儿童提供一些不同价位的2012年最好的玩具,这些玩具一定会让孩子们在玩耍中培养想象力和学习的能力。
( B )
语篇解读:本文讲述了预订前往纽约、旧金山和悉尼机票的一系列优惠活动,并提供了一些这些地方的旅游景点。
1.D 细节理解题。由Cheap Flights to San Francisco部分的There’s no shortage of amazing nightlife with restaurants, night clubs...和Cheap Flights to Sydney部分的...charming nightlife...可知D项正确。 2.A 细节理解题。由 Cheap Flights to Sydney部分的Famous for its golden beaches and truly world-class surf...可知A项正确。
3.A 细节理解题。由最后一段的...Call us now to get this cheap flight deal. Call Southall Travel 24/7 to book cheap flights可知选A项。 4.B 推理判断题。文章第一句话就点出了旅行专家可以帮助乘客预订便宜机票的事情,故选B项。
【长难句子分析】
因为它的金色沙滩和世界一流的冲浪运动而闻名于世,悉尼向游客提供最好的户外活动。
( C )
语篇解读:本文详细地介绍了加拿大首都渥太华的主要建筑,商业、经济中心,艺术画廊和北美古老运河的运营情况,帮助读者更多地了解渥太华这座神奇的城市。
1.C 词义猜测题。由画线单词后面的句子after the first was destroyed by fire in 1916...可知,现存的Centre Block是模仿以前的建筑物建造的,故选C项。
2.B 细节理解题。由第三段的...While most of Ottawa’s high tech industry is based elsewhere, it has a significant presence in the downtown core可知,尽管大部分的高科技产业坐落在其他地方,但在渥太华商业区的中心仍能看到富丽堂皇的商业办公大楼,故选B项。A项在文中没有提到,C、D 两项的内容在商业区,但不是在商业区的中心。
3.C 细节理解题。由第四段的Although its focus is on Canadian art, it also holds works by some noted American and European artists可知,渥太华国家艺术馆主要展出加拿大艺术家的作品,故选C项。
4.B 细节理解题。由At the very beginning,the purpose of the Rideau Canal was military...可知B项正确。由...the oldest continuously operated ...可排除A项;由...with most of its original structures remained...可排除C项;由...open for navigation in mid-May and close in mid-October可排除D项。 【疑难词汇解读】
1.recognizable adj.可识别的,可认识的
This tree is always recognizable by its extremely beautiful silvery bark. 这种树很容易辨认,因为它有着非常漂亮的银色树皮。 2.presence n.存在,出席
America has a military presence in many countries. 美国在很多国家都有军事存在。 【长难句子分析】
尽管它的焦点在加拿大艺术上,但它也拥有一些美国和欧洲知名艺术家的作品。
( D )
语篇解读:本文说明了探险系列小说Warriors中的最新小说Thunder Clan warrior的主要内容,名字的来历以及作者对书中人物的看法。 1.C 细节理解题。由第一段的最后一句话This sets three warrior cats named Holly leaf, Lion blaze and Jay feather on a journey to find the killer可知选C项。
2.C 推理判断题。由第二段的内容,尤其是最后一句话Besides, the cats face many dangers and the chance that another warrior will disappear forever可知,它们的旅程充满了困难和危险,故选C项。其他三项与第二段内容不符。
3.D 推理判断题。由第三段的They chose Hunter to cover the three of them because of Red Wall,a very successful book written by Brian Jacques和they wanted their books to go into the bookshelves next to his....Hunter fits perfectly可知,它们用Hunter命名他们的书就是想让他们的书畅销,故选D项。
4.B 细节理解题。由最后一段Victoria Holmes 说的话She is so cool. She has a great sense of humor and she is a good medicine cat. Even if she isn’t a warrior, she tries to make the best of her destiny 可知选B项。 【疑难词汇解读】
1.unbelievable adj. 难以置信的
What he said just now was unbelievable. 他刚才说的话是难以置信的。 2.make the best of 充分利用
You should make the best of your time to study. 你应该充分利用你的时间学习。 【长难句子分析】
,
.
就可以成为我最好的朋友的猫来说,那会是Cinder pelt。
( E )
语篇解读:2016年将是美国国家公园管理局一百周年的纪念日,在将要进入第二个百年之时,国家公园管理局将增加其针对学生和教师的教育计划。 1.B 主旨大意题。根据文章主题段——第一段的信息可知:本段主要向我们讲述美国国家公园部门在将要进入第二个百年之时,国家公园部门将加大其针对学生和教师的教育计划。故选项B正确。
2.D 事实细节题。对应文章第三段The National Park Service also works with partners to provide education及下一句可知,选项A错误;根据第二段Yellowstone is believed to have been the world’s first national park when it was established in 1872.可知选项C错误。由第一段最后一句the Park Service plans to increase its educational programs for students and teachers可知B欠准确;其中的“increase”表明该计划以前实施过,故选项D正确。
3.C 推理判断题。根据第三段NatureBridge is celebrating its fortieth anniversary and says one million young people have taken part in its programs.The organization works with students from kindergarten through twelfth grade and uses national parks as its classrooms.可知NatureBridge使很多学生受益。
4.C 推理判断题。文章最后And one of the most important services that the Park Service provides every day is nature interpretation.一句可知文章的话题转入了自然阐释。因此,接下来应该谈论此话题。故选项C正确。
5.B 推理判断题。 根据文章谈及的对象“学生和老师”及教育问题可以推断该文章应在教育版块。故选项B正确。 实战模拟
第一组 ( A )
语篇解读:学校暴力事件频发导致很多父母宁愿请老师在家里教育孩子,也不愿意把孩子送进学校,那么,到底在学校接受教育好,还是在家里接受教育好呢? 1.D 推理判断题。由文章内容可知,作者分析了学校教育好,还是家庭教育好的问题,在最后两段阐述了自己的观点,故选D项。 2.C 推理判断题。由全文内容可知,本文主要分析了学生在家里学习和在学校学习的利与弊,故C项作为标题最合适。
3.B 猜测词义题。由画线部分前面的句子可知,父母为了孩子的安全而把孩子放在家里,会让他们的孩子性格懦弱而且不知道真实的生活是什么样子,故生活在如此安逸舒适的环境里会对孩子的成长有害处,故选B项。
4.A 细节理解题。由第二段的内容可知,孩子们会不计后果地去做在电视里看到的事情,故选A项。
【疑难词汇解读】
1. assure v. 保证;给……保险
I can assure you that the children are well cared for. 我可以向你保证孩子们得到了精心照顾。 2. well-being n. 幸福,健康
Strong women stay young,health and well-being. 坚强的女人保持年轻健康及幸福。 【长难句子分析】
,
.
当一个老师需要在课堂上照看30个孩子时,他可能不会知道每个孩子在做什么,怎么写字,或是否明白老师解释的知识。
( B )
语篇解读:随着全球化的加快,非洲一些国家的本地语言正在受到很大的冲击。文章分析了英语泛滥的原因及带来的影响。
5.D 细节理解题。由第一段第二句Neville Alexander的话可知,除了几个国家之外,非洲其他大部分国家并不在国内实行母语教育。而这些国家母语教育的缺失正是导致许多非洲国家经济失败的一个重要原因。 6.C 推测词义题。由第二段最后一句话可知,语言学专家们深知企图控制这种语言的发展趋势是很困难的,并且通过研究得知,双语之间的语言转换是一个很自然的过程。所以说企图控制使用某种语言的努力是徒劳的。 7.A 细节理解题。由倒数第二段的前两句可以看出,从莎士比亚时期开始英语就开始吸收外来词了,也就是说英语吸收外来词已有很久的历史,所以说英语的国家很难理解、赞同其他国家的语言保护。
8.B 判断推理题。最后一段告诉了我们英语的传播对民族文化带来的几个方面的危害(public communication,education and new ways of communication promoted by technology)。 9.B 标题概况题。文章向我们分析了在非洲一些国家由于英语的传播,导致了一些当地语言的缺失,一些国家开始采取措施来保护自己的语言,由此可以看出,B项最能概括全文内容。
( C )
语篇解读:本文告诉我们这样一个故事,两个乞丐等人施舍,碰到一个看起来派头十足的年轻富翁,本以为会得到很大的恩施,但到头来发现那人吝啬的要死,但故事的结尾呢?那颗白色的价值千金的珍珠告诉了我们答案。 10.D 写作意图题。从文章第一段知,这是整个故事的开头和铺垫,主要为了引出下面的故事,所以起到背景知识的作用,所以答案选D项。 11.C 事实细节题。根据文章第二段As the crowd began to die down,they started to pack up their bundles and head for their evening shelter.和第三段Just as they were getting ready to leave the street corner,……介绍知,当人群减少的时候,他们正要离开街角了,所以选C项。
12.B 事实细节题。根据文章第三段He was obviously a wealthy man—they could tell that from the finely tailored business suit he was wearing and the gold watch chain that adorned(装饰) his left pocket.……知,从外在的相貌和穿着,他们发现这是一个富人,所以选B项。
13.A 事实细节题。从文章中对话“How insulting!” said the first beggar,as soon as the rich man was out of sight.“He could have easily left us a few coins or a spare bill,but he played a joke on us with a piece of rock candy.”……知,第一个乞丐认为这个富人很小气,答案选A项。 14.D 猜测词义题。从文章The second beggar looked down at the morsel in his hat,then at his departing friend.His first impulse was to toss the donation in the trash can under the street light.……知,the morsel in his hat就是指代下文的donation, 所以答案选D项。
15.A 主旨大意题。从全文知,作者通过这个故事告诉我们:唯坚忍者始能遂其志,所以答案选A项。
( D )
语篇解读:好多人从来没听说过间皮瘤,也不关注它的症状。尽管它是一种很少见的癌症,但是每年都有一定数量的病例产生。
16.B 推理判断题。本文主要介绍了间皮瘤是什么样的一种病,它的成因、症状、病情发展情况以及能否治愈的问题,故选B项。
17.A 推理判断题。由What causes Mesothelioma?部分的Mesothelioma is almost always caused by exposure to asbestos(石棉)可知,导致间皮瘤这种癌症的原因是长时间暴露在石棉下,故选A项。
18.A 细节理解题。由How quickly does Mesothelioma progress?部分的...symptoms such as lower back pain and chest pain.These symptoms may also be accompanied by weight loss,fever and difficulty breathing可知,只有A项的内容不是间皮瘤的症状,故选A项。 19.C 主旨大意题。文章第一段的最后一句话The following is a list of frequently asked questions and answers为该文的主题句,由此可知C项作为标题最合适。
20.D 细节理解题。由倒数第二部分的If you have worked in an industry such as construction or suspect that you may have been exposed to asbestos,be alert for symptoms and contact your doctor immediately可知,在有石棉的地方上班的人应该去医院检查身体,故选D项。 【疑难词汇解读】 1. diagnosis n. 诊断
They are waiting for the doctor’s diagnosis. 他们正在等待医生的诊断结论。
2. in accordance with 与……一致,依照
Please pack your products in accordance with our requirements. 请你方按照我们的要求包装产品。 【长难句子分析】
,
and
.
如果你在像建筑这样的行业工作或怀疑你可能已经暴露在石棉下,要警惕身体的症状并立即联系你的医生。
第二组 ( A )
语篇解读:如果人们不懂得保护我们的生活环境,珍视我们赖以生存的资源,那么当我们身边的资源用光之后,我们就不得不搬到别的地方去,这样的话,我们不又回到多年前的游牧生活了吗?
1.C 细节理解题。由第一段的...they would travel about,here and there,in search of food,wherever it was to be found.And when the food ran out,they would move off somewhere else可知,过去人们常搬迁是为了寻找食物,故选C项。
2.D 细节理解题。由该段的...because by learning to cultivate (耕作)the land,and care for animals,mankind would always have food steadily available.It also meant that people could remain living in one place可知,人们学会耕作之后,有了稳定的食物来源,就不再到处搬家了,故选D项。
3.A 推理判断题。由第五段Lucy所说的内容和由第六段的第一句话The teacher nodded,thoughtfully可知,老师认为Lucy说的话有道理,故选A项。
4.B 细节理解题。由倒数第二段的If they needed wood or paper,they would make sure that they got the recycled kind可知,B项不属于nomads的行为,故选B项。由倒数第二段的They ordered their fish from fish farms,making sure that the fish they received were not too young and too small...可知A项属于nomads的行为;由第五段的内容可知C、D两项都属于nomads的行为。 【长难句子分析】
and
这意味着人们能一直生活在同一个地方了,这使得他们更加容易去做一些需要很长时间才能完成的事情,如建造小镇,城市以及城镇里面的设施。
( B )
语篇解读:Josie在打工的地方经历了一次抢劫,并且被劫匪称作fat cow,这使她受到刺激,以至于在以后的两年里生活在恐怖和痛苦中。但在家人的帮助下,Josie减肥成功,重拾自信,并且意外收获了一份爱情。 5.A 猜测词义题。由画线部分后面的fleeing with ￡1,000可知,几个人抢劫了酒馆,带着1,000英镑逃跑了,故选A项。 6.D 推理判断题。由第三段和第四段的描述可知,Josie不但受到惊吓,而且被劫匪称为fat cow勾起了她在学校因为肥胖而被同学嘲笑的回忆,为此,她自尊心受挫而养成了暴饮暴食的恶习,痛苦不堪,故遭到抢劫只是噩梦的开始,故选D项。 7.D 细节理解题。由第四段的It wasn’t until returning from the family holiday ...she decided to take action once and for all and signed up for Weight Watchers the next day...可知,Josie是在旅行回来后决定减肥的,故选D项。
8.C 推理判断题。由文章最后一句话If you had told me three years ago that I would be marrying a handsome Turkish man,and looking for a size 10 wedding dress,I would have never believed you可知,她三年前绝没想到自己会嫁给一个英俊的土耳其男士,并且能穿10号的婚纱,由此可知C项正确。
9.B 推理判断题。由文章第四段的最后一句话...signed up for Weight Watchers the next day with her sister和第五段的第一句话Eighteen months later,a slimmer and happier Josie...可知B项正确。由第三段的At school people would call me fatty and shout nasty things....it just brought all those horrible memories back可排除A、D两项;由第三段的第一句话I was too terrified to go back to work,so I had to leave可排除C项。
【疑难词汇解读】
1.cope with 对付;处理
I am afraid I can not cope with those troubles. 恐怕我对付不了这些麻烦。 2.sign up for报名参加;注册
John wants to sign up for the contest. 约翰想报名参加比赛。 【长难句子分析】
如果三年前你告诉我我会嫁给一个英俊的土耳其男士,并且穿10号的婚纱,我绝不会相信你的。
( C )
语篇解读:战后,Stanley Vine艰难地找到一份农场工作。半年后,他悄然离开了农场。最后,他成为了世人瞩目的百万富翁。
10.C 细节理解题。根据第一段后半部分中的“...with no prospects for a job in England...”可知他之所以决定去加拿大是因为他无法在英国找到工作。 11.D 正误判断题。根据第一段倒数第二句后半部分的内容可推知他是在报纸上看到那份工作的。
12.A 推理判断题。结合第二段前两句的内容可推知尽管他尽力在雇主面前展示自己,但是对方依然对他不满意。 13.B 细节理解题。 根据倒数第二段第四句的内容可知他喜欢每天下班后照看农场主的马。 14.D 推理判断题。文章最后一段的后半部分提到Stanley此时已是百万富翁赛马骑师,联想到他20年前的窘况,自然可推出Armand因没有料到Stanley会变得如此成功而感到震惊。
( D )
语篇解读:诺贝尔奖,中国人几代的梦想,2012年中国的著名作家莫言获得了诺贝尔文学奖,令国人振奋,本文就告诉了我们莫言获奖的相关信息。
15.D 逻辑推理题。根据第一段中BEIJING-Hailing Mo Yan as the first Chinese citizen that won the Nobel Prize in Literature,the public has started to consider the way to enhance Chinese literature’s global presence.知,莫言获得诺贝尔文学奖后,激发了人们对中国文学的关注,所以选D项。
16.A 词义猜测题。第二段中...according to Wang Meng,a renowned Chinese writer...including Lu Xun,Ba Jin and Mao Dun,who should have won the prize earlier...等知,这里renowned表示“出名的,著名的”,所以语意同A项。 17.B 细节理解题。从文章中...said Xue Yongwu...However,the contemporary literature failed to get enough recognition from outside the country due to its short history and complex political influences,he explained.Language has also been a barrier.Only a small proportion of Chinese literature has been translated into foreign
languages...知,历史短,政治因素和语言翻译障碍都一定程度上阻碍了中国作家得诺贝尔奖的可能性,所以B项没有提及,选B项。
18.A 细节理解题。从文章...Mo combines hallucinatory(幻觉的) realism with folk tales,which is more appealing to the taste of Western readers...said Zhang Hongsheng,知,莫言的小说是魔幻现实主义的写法,结合现实与古典,所以选A项。 19.C 推理判断题。根据Chinese writers to maintain the national characteristics and uniqueness.“Chinese elements are the last to lose in successful writings,” Zhang said.知,要让中国现当代文学得到世界的认可,应该要坚持中国元素,所以选C项。
20.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段China’s book market has witnessed booming sales of Mo’s masterpieces over the past days...which is expected to refill the empty shelves of many book retailers in a week.推断知,莫言的书已经成为了最畅销的书籍,所以选D项。
第三组 ( A )
语篇解读:本文讲述了Irwin告诉作者(Harley Hahn)他能跟年轻人交谈中根据自己的经验预测这个人能否成功的事。
1.B 逻辑推理题。根据第一段中The restaurant was dark,the food was ordinary,and the conversation was aimless.I found myself uneasy and bored and,as the meal wouldn’t come to a close,I wondered how long it would be before we could leave for the concert.等句子分析可知作者是对当时发生的情况不满意才想早点去音乐会。
2.A 细节理解题。第二段中What I heard took me by surprise.一句清楚说明作者听到Irwin的话感到惊讶。 3.D 细节理解题。I’ve been in business a long time,and I’ve hired a lot of people.Over the years,I have observed which ones did well and which ones never seemed to really make it...等句子说明Irwin是因为积累了丰富的经验才能预测一个人能否成功。
4.C 细节理解题。第九段最后一句...I felt obliged to share it with as many young people as I could说明作者想为年轻人做点事。 5.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段作者询问读者是否想与他一起分享Irwin的忠告,由此可以推断出他在下面的段落中要谈的最有可能就是上面所提到的取得成功的12条品质。
( B )
语篇解读:在每个人的生活、工作中,朋友是必不可少的一部分,作者在本文中告诉我们如何交友。
6.A 推理判断题。由第一段的最后一句话take your time,and don’t rush可推知,交友需要耐心,故选A项。
7.D 细节理解题。由第六段的前两句话You’ve probably heard of fair-weather friends.They’re the ones who are happy to be around you when things are going well,but are nowhere to be found when you really need them可知D项正确。
8.B 细节理解题。由“Be a good listener”部分可知,要善于做一个倾听者,要表现出对对方所讲内容非常感兴趣,故选B项。A、C、D三项都是作者建议人们应该做的事情。
9.C 推理判断题。由最后一段的The key to being a good friend is the ability to keep secrets,...可知C项正确。由第二段中You don’t necessarily have a lot of common interests...可知A项不对;B、D两项都不是作者建议人们做的事情,故排除B、D两项。 【疑难词汇解读】
1.hang out 闲荡,厮混
He often hangs out with his friends at the weekend. 在周末他常和朋友在一块闲荡。 2.trustworthy adj.值得相信的
Mary is an honest girl,so we all think her to be trustworthy. 玛丽是个诚实的女孩,所以我们都认为她值得相信。 【长难句子分析】
关于有朋友最好的一件事情是你有一个可以无话不谈的人,甚至你不愿意和任何一个其他人说的秘密也可以和这个人说。
( C )
语篇解读:这是校长致大一新生的感言:学点东西也不便宜啊,现在大学学习是很昂贵的,但你付出的同时会得到相应的回报。
10.B 细节推断题。根据文章第一段的:HELLO to you first-year students.I’m Laudable’s president.The next time we’ll see each other is when you graduate.Most likely,that won’t be in four years,可知答案。
11.A 主旨大意题。根据文章二、三段可知本文主要讲上大学的学习需要很多钱。 12.A 细节推断题。根据文章第一段第四句:Most likely,that won’t be in four years,but in about 55 months.That’s because a good many of you won’t finish on time.可知答案。
13.C 词义猜测题。根据前三句:We certainly take a lot of your money.But we ship money back to you.We need your tuition dollars的理解,可知答案。 14.D 细节推断题。根据文章第一段说明A是错误的;根据第二段首句可知B是错误的;根据第三段第三句可知C是错误的,所以选择D。
( D )
语篇解读:这世界上什么东西最重要?金钱?名声?尊严?文章中作者通过自己的亲身经历告诉我们最重要的是自己对于朋友而言的价值和帮助。 15.C 逻辑推理题。根据第1至第2段中“What is the most important thing you’ve done in your life?” The question was put to me during a presentation I gave to a group of lawyers,The answer came to me in an instant.It’s not the one I gave,because the situation was not right...知我并没有给出真实的答案,答案选C项。 16.D 事实细节题。从文章中For a moment I just stood there,paralyzed(呆若木鸡).Then I tried to figure out what I should do.Follow my friend to the hospital? There was nothing I could accomplish there,I convinced myself...,我没有跟去,因为我觉得我帮不上任何忙,所以选D项。 17.A 逻辑推理题。从文章中...“Thanks for being here.”For the rest of that morning,I sat in the emergency room of that hospital and watched...It’s the most important thing I have ever done.The experience taught me two lessons...知,如果我当时不去的话,我可能会感到很后悔和负有负罪感,选A项。 18.D 细节理解题。从文章...All I could do was standing by and watching it happen.And yet it was critical that I do just that—just be there when someone needed me.知,当人们需要你的时候,你应该在那里,所以选D项。
19.D 推理判断题。根据Second: The most important thing...taught me how to take a set of facts,break them down and organize them.These skills are critical for lawyers...and depend on a lawyer to think logically(逻辑地)...知,答案选D项。 20.D 句意理解题。根据最后一段From that one experience I learned that the most important thing in life isn’t the money...The most important thing in life is the kids’ team you coach or the poem you write—or the time when you’re just somebody’s friend.推断知,作者意识到了自己的帮助对他人的重要性,所以选D项。
第四组 ( A )
语篇解读:本文告诉我们关于如何申请进入汉语国际学校学习,如何确认被录取和交费情况。
1.C 细节理解题。由第一部分的最后一句话Applicants who would like to re-apply for another academic year are asked to submit a new application and application fee可知选C项。
2.D 细节理解题。由第一部分的A copy of the applicant’s ID card or a passport showing a valid visa可知D项正确。由第二部分最后一段的Applicants who have been assessed but who have not been admitted are welcome to reapply for the next academic year可排除A项;由第二部分第二段的Acceptances may also be made on a conditional basis among the applicants on the reserve list可排除B项;由第一部分的A company letter confirming the nomination可排除C项。
3. C 细节理解题。由第二部分的Applicants will be informed of their acceptance status in writing by postal mail可知,申请人将会通过邮局寄发的邮件获得被录取的信息,故选C项。
4.D 推理判断题。由最后一部分的Once an applicant has been admitted, the applicant family will be asked to confirm acceptance and hold the student’s place with immediate payment of the required fees可知选D项。 【疑难词汇解读】
1.conditional adj.有条件的
His agreement to buy my house is conditional on leaving all the furniture in it. 他同意买我的房子,条件是把所有的家具留下。 2.submit v.提交,呈送;(使)服从
Applicants should submit their applications as early as possible. 申请人应该尽早提交申请。 【长难句子分析】
对于那些希望除了用港元以外的货币付款的海外申请人来说,应缴费145美元。
( B )
语篇解读:本文给我们提供了几家博物馆的主题、开放时间、位置和联系方式等信息。 5.B 推理判断题。由全文内容介绍的全是博物馆的信息可知,该广告应出现在报纸的教育栏目,故选B项。
6.A 细节理解题。由第一部分的Leonardo’s Discovery Warehouse is a hands-on arts and sciences museum...和第二部分的Science Museum Oklahoma, Oklahoma’s only science museum...可知,这两个都是科技博物馆,故选A项。
7.D 细节理解题。由题干中的has to work from 10am-5pm every day和每个博物馆的开放时间可知,Emma只能去Science Museum Oklahoma参观,故选D项。 8.C 推理判断题。由Jasmine Moran Children’s Museum部分的...created as an imaginary town where children can actually BE the doctor...和该博物馆的电话联系方式可知C项正确。由第四部分的...that will be enjoyed by all members of the family...可排除A项;人们在 the Tulsa Air and Space Museum体验的是history in the aerospace industry...educational displays,故排除B;the Museum of the Great Plains 坐落在601 NW Ferris Ave Lawton, OK,而它的主题是 the natural and cultural history of the Great Plains of north America,故排除D项。 9.B 推理判断题。由全文对几家博物馆的位置、联系方式和主题活动的介绍可知,作者提供了关于它们的信息,故选B项。 【长难句子分析】
我们营造了一个特别的地方,在那儿数以千计的年龄在3到12岁的孩子每年都来探索他们的世界。
( C )
语篇解读:为了减少青少年吸烟者的数量,英国颁发了自动售货卖烟机的禁令,充分显示了同吸烟作斗争的决心。
10.C 细节理解题。由第二段的...from these machines,which of course,don’t ask them to prove their age可知,售烟机不会询问买烟者的年龄,故选C项。
11.C 推理判断题。由第二段的最后一句话With the tobacco industry increasingly depending on young smokers to keep their profits,...可知,烟草商为了获得利益更加
依赖年轻的吸烟者的消费,的这种禁令会大大减少青少年买烟者的数量而损害烟草业的利益,故选C项。
12.B 细节理解题。由倒数第二段的In April 2013 large retailers(零售商)in England and Scotland will have to get rid of all tobacco displays and small shops will be expected to do that from April 2015可知,小商店到2015年的4月就不可以再在商店里陈列烟了,故B项正确。
13.D 推理判断题。由最后一段的第一句话The UK Government is due to begin a public consultation...on whether to introduce plain packaging for cigarettes...可知,英国将举行公开磋商,询问对烟草控制计划的问题,故选D项。由最后一段的第一句
话...on whether to introduce plain packaging for cigarettes可排除A项;由文章内容可知,英国只是对自动售烟机,销售店和包装采取措施,没有提到关闭生产厂家,故排除B项;由最后一段的...make health warnings more effective...可知,烟包装盒上已经有了“吸烟有害”警示语,故排除C项。
14.A 主旨大意题。由文章的首句Children will find it more difficult to buy cigarettes as vending machines(自动售货机)selling tobacco will be officially banned in England today...为本文的主题句,故A项作为标题最合适。 【疑难词汇解读】
1.prohibit v.禁止,防止
Smoking is prohibited in the library. 图书馆里禁止吸烟。
2.consultation n.磋商,商议;会诊
She said the public wanted a longer consultation period. 她表示市民希望延长咨询期 【长难句子分析】
禁止从自动售货机上卖烟是欧洲的第一个禁令,这显示了英国同吸烟作斗争的决心。
( D )
语篇解读:本文告诉我们作者小时候靠给人修剪草坪赚钱,给邻居巴罗先生修剪的时候,他几乎不给钱,但他的书吸引了作者,对作者的文学上的启蒙和以后的人生奠定了基础。 15.C 作者意图题。从文章全文知,文章讲述我在夏天给别人修剪草坪赚钱,而Mr.Ballou不给我工钱,但却提供大量书籍让我阅读,这改变了我以后的人生,所以答案选C项。
16.A 事实细节题。根据文章“I don’t know.” And I didn’t.I generally read what was in front of me,what I could get from the paperback stack at the drugstore,what I found at the library,magazines,the back of cereal boxes,comics (连环图画),...介绍知,原先我是看到什么就阅读什么,没系统和规律性可言,所以选A项。
17.C 事实细节题。根据文章I started after supper,sitting outdoors on an uncomfortable kitchen chair.Within a few pages,the yard,the summer,disappeared,and I was plunged into the aching tragedy of the Holocaust...was
elegant,simple,impossible to resist.When the evening light finally failed I moved inside,read all through the night,...知,我一阅读这书就爱不释手,所以选C项。
18.C 事实细节题。从文章两人对话“You actually read all of these?”“This isn’t much,” Mr.Ballou said.“This is nothing,just what I’ve kept,the ones worth looking at a second time.”...知,Mr.Ballou饱览群书,看了非常多的书籍,答案选C项。
19.B 逻辑推理题。从最后一段To make two long stories short,Mr.Ballou never paid me a cent for cutting his grass that year or the next,but for fifteen years...知,接下去的很多年我都在帮他修剪草坪,答案选B项。
20.B 逻辑推理题。从全文知,Mr.Ballou没钱付修剪草坪费,但他有很多书,可知他比较穷,但又给我书看,而且待人彬彬有礼,所以答案选B项。
第五组 ( A )
语篇解读:在丈夫去世后,妻子在情人节却意外地收到了丈夫给自己订的红玫瑰。原来体贴的丈夫在去世前就给妻子预订以后每年的情人节礼物——红玫瑰,直到妻子和自己在墓地团聚。
1.D 细节理解题。由第三段的...looked at them in shock和...causing her such pain可知D项正确。
2.B 细节理解题。由第四段的The flowers you received today were paid for in advance. Your husband always planned ahead可知,丈夫在生前是一个提前安排一切的人,故选B项。
3.B 推理判断题。由画线部分后面的I want you to be happy可知,丈夫不愿意妻子悲伤,故选B项。
4.A 主旨大意题。本文以roses为线索,讲述了一名叫Rose的女士与丈夫之间动人的爱情故事,故A项作为标题最合适。 【疑难词汇解读】 1.in advance提前
With your help ,we will surely finish the work in advance. 有你的帮助,我们一定会提前完成这项工作的。 2.loneliness n.孤独,寂寞
Her husband died last year,bringing her great sorrow and loneliness. 她的丈夫去年去世了,给她带来了巨大的悲哀和孤独。 【长难句子分析】
and
当你收到这些玫瑰花的时候,想想我们在一起的幸福生活,我们是多么的幸运。
( B )
语篇解读:英国一位12岁的小男孩为自己生命垂危的妹妹捐献骨髓,并为慈善机构筹钱。他的事迹感动了很多人,为此他被评为今年的英国家庭英雄。
5.A 推理判断题。由第二段的第一句话...also helps his mother care for his younger brother Brian,9,who suffers from the genetic disease Fanconi’s anaemia可知A项正确。
6.C 细节理解题。由第三段的so he decided to start raising money in memory of Helen可知,他这样做是为了纪念自己的妹妹,故选C项。
7.A 细节理解题。由第四段的He organised a Fun Day to provide the money for...可知,a Fun Day是一个活动的名字,故选A项。由最后一段的第一句话可知,4Children和Take a Break Magazine都是慈善机构的名字,而Anne Longfield OBE是人名,故排除B、C、D三项。
8.D 细节理解题。由最后一段Anne Longfield OBE说的话It’s an honour to recognise Adam’s dedication and self-sacrifice,and his bravery shows there is ...可知D项正确。由第二段可知,Adam经历的第一个艰难是为妹妹捐骨髓,故排除A项;由第二段可知,Adam的弟弟得了贫血症,故排除B项;由第三段最后一句话可知,Adam没打算放弃,故排除C项。
9.B 主旨大意题。由全文内容可知,一个小男孩通过自己的努力和勇气,不但影响了自己的家人,还帮助了很多有困难的人,故B项作为标题最合适。 【疑难词汇解读】 1.optimism n.乐观
Her optimism often helps her overcome difficulties. 她的乐观精神经常帮助她克服困难。 2.in memory of为了纪念
He wrote a poem in memory of his wife. 他写了一首诗以纪念他的妻子。 【长难句子分析】
一个12岁的小男孩被评为今年的“英国家庭英雄”,他为生命垂危的妹妹捐过骨髓,并且已经为慈善机构筹集了10,000多英镑。
( C )
语篇解读:你知道狗从何时起才成为人类的朋友的吗?你知道它是由哪种动物驯化而来的吗?
10.C 猜测词义题。根据第四段...collected DNA from 11 bones of ancient dogs that were locked in permafrost (永冻层) until Fairbanks miners uncovered them in the 1920s.可知,remains是指被冰封在冻层中的狗的尸体。
11.D 推理判断题。根据此段内容可知,由狗的骨头中所提取的DNA可推知这些狗的生存年代大约是在1450年与1675年之间,而欧洲人踏上美洲是在1741年。
12.D 推理判断题。根据文章的首段与尾段可知,各项研究表明最早的狗是经过白令架到达美洲的。
13.D 事实细节题。根据最后一段Wayne thinks the dogs that made the trip must have provided some excellent service to their human companions or they would not have been brought along.可推知。
14.A 主旨大意题。全文通过各项研究向读者阐述了北美狗起源。 【长难句子分析】
矿工把保存的(狗)骨骼捐献给纽约市的美国自然历史博物馆,在那里它们一直保持了70多年未动。
( D )
语篇解读:这是一个感人的故事,故事告诉我们有时候爱心需要珍惜,需要我们付出,并让爱心传递下去,让我们读文章去体会这种深深的爱吧。
15.B 逻辑推理题。根据第3段中On this winter afternoon, a child stood there, her face close to the window...Pete himself stood behind the counter.His eyes were cold as he looked at the small girl.“Please,”...Pete took the string of blue beads from the window...等推断知,虽然当时天气很冷,但Pete看到这个小女孩的时候也愿意为她服务,所以答案选B项。
16.C 细节理解题。从文章“How much money do you have?” asked Pete.……Pete looked at her, his eyes thoughtful.Then he carefully closed his hand over the price mark on the necklace so that she could not see it...中知,小女孩买东西的钱不够支付,但为了不让她失望,Pete把价格标签用手遮住了,所以选C项。 17.C 逻辑推理题。从文章...The blue eyes of Jean Grace brought him out of that world of self-pity and made him remember again all that he had lost.The pain of remembering was so great that Pete wanted to run away from the happy Christmas shoppers who came to look at his beautiful old things during the next ten days.中知,Jean Grace的眼神又让Pete回想起了过去,想起了他曾经失去的女朋友,所以选C项。 18.A 细节理解题。从文章中...late on Christmas Eve, the door opened and a young woman came in...Without speaking, she put on the counter a package wrapped in pretty Christmas paper...“Did this come from your shop?” she asked...“Are the stones real?”...“Can you remember to whom you sold them?”...等话语中知,这个女子认为Pete当时肯定弄错了,所以她来向店主询问,选A项。 19.B 推理判断题。根据文章“But Jean has never had more than a few pennies.How could she pay for them?”“She paid the biggest price one can ever pay,” he said...知,Pete认为Jean应该得到这份圣诞礼物,因为她已经给了她所拥有的所有钱,而且她的善心也感动了Pete,所以选B项。
20.D 推理判断题。根据最后两段...Will you let me take you to your home? I would like to wish you a Merry Christmas at your door.”...And so, to the sound of many bells,Pete Richards and a girl whose name he had not yet learned walked out into the hope and happiness of a new Christmas Day.知,作者又重新燃起了生活的希望和爱的勇气,所以选D项。
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