(限时30分钟)
A
My name is Matthew. I’m not someone who has many secrets, because I’m a terrible liar. But there is one huge secret that I kept for years—I failed my driving test. I had never failed a test before, and had never even come close. Driving made me anxious, but my parents told me I had to. They signed me up for driving lessons. I had gotten a perfect score for my written permit exam, but getting behind the wheel was a different story.
But when October 30th rolled around, my pride set in. I wanted to be like everyone else at my school, showing off the brand new license they’d gotten. Looking back on that special day, I can’t remember if I was nervous. What I do remember is starting the test, pausing at a stop sign after a few seconds, and being asked by the instructor to pull over. I had received an auto-fail since my pause was indeed a pause and not a real stop. I wasn’t upset that I was leaving without a license, but I was scared everyone would know that I had failed. So when I got to class, I told everyone I didn’t want to take the test on my birthday.
One Friday a month later, I went to the test spot again and passed. Later that night I drove for the first time by myself, which brought to me an amazing feeling I’ve never experienced—but sill, I couldn’t imagine
ever telling anyone the truth. So I didn’t. It wasn’t until midway through college that I came clean. It turned out plenty of my college friends had failed too! And I gathered enough courage to speak the fact out. Yes, I had also failed.
Now I realize failure and imperfection are two things everyone has to experience, without which one couldn’t make a true man.
【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者曾经隐瞒了自己驾照考试失败的事情, 后来意识到失败和不完美是每个人成长的必经之路。 1. What can we learn about Matthew? A. He was a slow learner of driving. B. He relied heavily on his parents. C. He was afraid of taking exams. D. He was bored with telling lies.
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第一段中“But there is one huge secret that I kept for years—I failed my driving test. ”可知, 我的驾照考试失败了; 再由第一段中“I had gotten a perfect score for my written permit exam, but getting behind the wheel was a different story. ”可知我的笔试成绩很好, 但是开车开得不好。
2. What made Matthew feel extremely worried after his first attempt? A. Failing to get a driving license. B. Missing his birthday celebration. C. Making his parents disappointed.
D. Losing face before his classmates.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第二段中“I wasn’t upset that I was leaving without a license, but I was scared everyone would know that I had failed. ”我不会因为没通过考试而难过, 但是我害怕别人知道我失败了。所以我是怕在同学们面前丢人。
3. What did Matthew learn from his own experience? A. Honesty is the best policy. B. Failure is a way to grow up. C. Truth stands the test of time.
D. Imperfection is another form of perfection.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据最后一段“Now I realize failure and imperfection are two things everyone has to experience, without which one couldn’t make a true man. ”可知, 我意识到, 失败和不完美是每个人都必须经历的事情, 没有经历过它们, 就不会真正的成长。
B
Mosquitos can infect you with Malaria, yellow fever, and dengue. All can kill you. So we spray large areas with pesticides (杀虫剂). But this negatively affects the whole ecosystem and your health. Now there’s a new device, which claims to keep you and your loved one’s mosquito free.
The device was designed by two German engineers who were fed up with being bitten while camping. They found solutions containing ’DEET’
—a damaging chemical which could be both harmful to us and the environment—worked best, but still only for 45 minutes maximum and that the traditional anti-pest devices didn’t work well! So, they designed the brand new type of bug killer—Moskinator.
Instead of trying to keep the mosquitos away, it actually attracts them, then catches and kills them! It lures (引诱) the flies and mosquitos near using a safe, completely harmless LED light. The flying pests (害虫) can’t resist the UV-PT light! Next to the LED light is a powerful, yet efficient reverse fan that sucks (吸) the insects through a one-way trapdoor. Once trapped in the drying basket they are dried to death by the fan a matter of 2 minutes. You can simply empty the dead bugs into the trash, without even touching them.
Does Moskinator really work in real life? We had some of our customers try it out in their homes. The results speak for themselves: “My wife would complain she had a headache in the mornings whenever we used chemical pesticides. Now we use our Moskinator, and we wake up bite and headache free! ” — Shane Maguire
“This Moskinator really works and you don’t have to worry about breathing any harmful chemicals. ” — Jake Sheare
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种新的杀虫设备, 并介绍了它安全无害的特点。
4. What is the function of the LED light?
A. It gives off natural light. B. It attracts flying pests. C. It sucks pests inside. D. It dries pests to death.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。由文章第三段第二句 It lures the flies and mosquitos near using a safe, completely harmless LED light. 可知, 它用一种安全、完全无害的LED灯光吸引附近的苍蝇和蚊子。 5. Which of the following best describes the new device? A. Innovative and effective. B. Traditional and cheap. C. Power-saving and portable. D. Chemical free and soundless.
【解析】选A。 推理判断题。由文章第二段最后一句So, they designed the brand new type of bug killer—Moskinator. 与最后一段第一句中 This Moskinator really works 可知, 这种技术是新发明的, 而且很有效。 6. What is the purpose of writing the text? A. To educate the readers. B. To entertain the readers. C. To introduce a new device. D. To evaluate a new device.
【解析】选C。 主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了由两名德国工程师设计的一种全新的杀虫设备, 由文章第三段第一句Instead of trying to keep
the mosquitos away, it actually attracts them, then catches and kills them! 可知, 文章旨在向读者详细介绍这种新的杀虫设备。 【规律方法】如何推断写作目的
写作目的这类题的题干中常有purpose, 或者后面接有表示目的的动词不定式, 如: intend to, meant to, (in order) to等。
根据文章的主旨和体裁来推断作者的写作目的。因此, 文章的首尾段或每段的首尾是阅读的重点, 作者的写作意图往往就隐含在其中。 一般来说作者写文章的目的通常有三种, 与之对应的文章如下: (1) to entertain readers(使读者愉悦、发笑): 常见于个人经历或故事类的文章。
(2) to persuade readers(说服读者接受某种观点): 常见于广告或议论文。广告是作者要推销一种产品或一种服务: 吸引更多的游客、读者或订户﹑观众等; 议论文是为了说服读者接受或赞同某一观点。
(3) to inform readers(告知读者某些信息): 多见于新闻报道类﹑科普类﹑文化类或社会类的文章, 以及劝告性或建议性的文章。 本文属于广告类应用文, 目的在于介绍一种新的杀虫设备。
C
We’re often reminded of the importance of preserving the planet as we see it for future generations—and children at St Oswald’s Primary School in Chester certainly agree.
Nine-year-old Isobel Kelleher from the school’s Hummingbirds class thinks adults need to take notes. “Sometimes they can be busy and I don’
t think they think they can make a difference, but if everyone does a little bit, it all adds up, ” she tells HuffPost UK. “We started looking at plastic pollution in our oceans and the things like plastic bags and broken down pieces of plastic that are polluting them, ” she says. “Fish can eat the plastic and they can die, or we might even eat the fish ourselves. ”
Mr Timms, Isobel’s teacher, has been spearheading a new project at the school which lets children loose creatively to raise awareness of the need to be more environmentally friendly. The entire Hummingbirds class, which is made up of 9-and 10-year-old pupils, has been busy writing poems and creating online video adverts to warn adults about the serious situation of our oceans and wildlife.
Mr Timms thinks children have an important role to play in teaching us how to take care of the things around us. “We sometimes overlook how much we can really learn from children, ” he says. “It has been really hard to believe having parents come in saying that their children have been asking them to stop using plastic, and to recycle more, and even stopping them using plastic straws. ”
Mr Timms is proud of his Hummingbirds class. “The message that they would like to send to the world is simple: Stopping this isn’t someone else’s job, and it won’t be OK if we just leave it. ”
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要是介绍了一所小学的老师带头开展了一个项目——让孩子们发挥创造力来提醒人们增强环保意识。
7. What can we infer about adults according to Isobel Kelleher? A. They just pretend to be busy. B. They haven’t done their part well. C. They can do nothing to stop pollution. D. They have started to care about oceans.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第二段中的“. . . thinks adults need to take notes. . . but if everyone does a little bit, it all adds up”可知, Isobel Kelleher认为大人们在保护地球方面并没有做好他们自己的本职工作。 8. What is the purpose of the school project? A. To help adults to learn more about their kids. B. To remind adults to be friendly to environment. C. To persuade students to stop using plastic bags. D. To teach students how to write poems creatively.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Mr Timms, Isobel’s teacher . . . more environmentally friendly. ”及第四段中的“Mr Timms thinks children have an important role to play in teaching us how to take care of the things around us. ”可知, 这个项目的目的是让孩子们发挥创造力来提醒人们增强环保意识。
9. Why does Mr Timms mention “parents” in Paragraph 4? A. To prove kids are creative in teaching. B. To attract people to support his work. C. To have adults care about education.
D. To show the effects of the project.
【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Mr Timms thinks children have an important role to play in teaching us how to take care of the things around us. ”可知, Timms认为孩子们在教我们如何爱护周围的事物方面起着重要作用, 紧接着提到家长说孩子们让他们停止使用塑料和吸管、让他们回收更多塑料就是为了证明这个项目的影响。 10. What is the text mainly about? A. An inspiring school project. B. An appeal to stop plastic bags. C. Serious situations of our planet. D. Adults’ ignorance of environment.
【解析】选A。主旨大意题。通读全文, 根据第三段中的“Mr Timms, Isobel’s teacher, has been spearheading a new project at the school which lets children loose creatively to raise awareness of the need to be more environmentally friendly. ”可知, 本文主要介绍了一所小学的老师带头开展了一个项目——让孩子们发挥创造力来提醒人们增强环保意识。 【知识拓展】长难句分析
We started looking at plastic pollution in our oceans and the things like plastic bags and broken down pieces of plastic that are polluting them. 分析: 这是一个主从复合句。that引导定语从句, 修饰前面的pieces of plastic。
译文: 我们开始关注海洋中的塑料污染, 以及像塑料袋和正在污染海
洋的被分解的塑料碎片这些东西。
阅读理解专练(二)
(限时30分钟)
A
Every new parent knows that rocking can calm that uneasy baby when it’s time to take a nap. But the benefits of gentle movement may go beyond the baby stage. Because two new studies show that rocking also helps grown-ups, both human and mouse, get a good night’s sleep. What should be no surprise is that movement can calm someone. Think of how many times you’ve fallen asleep on a train. But can motion really cause a nap, and make for a deeper sleep?
To find out, researchers invited 18 healthy volunteers for a sleepover. “So they came to the lab and slept one time on the motionless, normal bed. And one night where they got rocked. ” said Aurore Perrault, a sleep researcher at the University of Geneva in Switzerland. “And what we find is that when compared to a motionless night, a whole night of rocking sleep has a beneficial effect not only on sleep beginning but also on sleep continuity. ” Subjects who were rocked also did better on a memory test the next morning than the stiller sleepers.
In the second study, Kompotis, a student at the University of
Lausanne, rocked a rack of mice. Whether rocking affects sleep in other species was never before discussed. So the main questions for our study were whether rocking affects sleep in mice and what is the possible system?
Kompotis placed the mouse cages on a platform that moved from side to side. Though mice were rocked four times faster than their human counterparts—a frequency of one back-and-forth per second, or 1 Hertz, worked best—the results were strikingly similar. During rocking at 1 Hertz, time spent asleep increased, and mice fell asleep twice as fast as at still condition. However, additional studies could allow the researchers to identify a new aim for treating sleep disorders, including insomnia(失眠). Until then, you might think about adding a little swing to your nighttime routine.
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。研究人员在测试中发现, 那些被摇晃过的人比那些静止不动的人在睡眠方面更好。并且, 后来的测试发现, 摇晃对动物也有促进睡眠的作用。文章还介绍了这项研究的过程。 1. What’s the purpose of the second study in the passage? A. To do research on the sleep system of other species. B. To discuss in which case rocking affects baby’s sleep. C. To see whether rocking affects sleep of other species. D. To study the influence of rocking on sleep disorders.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第四段中In the second study,
Kompotis, a student at the University of Lausanne, rocked a rack of mice. Whether rocking affects sleep in other species was never before discussed. 可知在第二项研究中, 洛桑大学的学生Kompotis摇晃了一组老鼠。以前从未有人讨论过摇晃是否会影响其他物种的睡眠。由此可推知, 第二项研究的目的是观察摇摆是否影响其他物种的睡眠。 2. What do we know about the mice in Paragraph 5? A. Their sleeping time increased when rocked at 1 Hertz. B. Their sleep disorder including insomnia was treated.
C. When rocked, they fell asleep twice faster than at still condition. D. When rocked, they worked faster than their human counterparts. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第五段中During rocking at 1 Hertz, time spent asleep increased, and mice fell asleep twice as fast as at still condition. 可知在1赫兹的摇晃中, 老鼠的睡眠时间增加了, 老鼠入睡的速度是静止状态的两倍。由此可知, 当震动频率为1赫兹时, 老鼠的睡眠时间增加。
3. What’s the best title of the passage? A. Rocking Helps Grown-ups Sleep Too. B. Deep Sleep Needs the Constant Swing. C. Rocking Greatly Affects Deep Sleep. D. Rocking Can Treat Sleep Disorders.
【解析】选A。主旨大意题。根据第一段中Because two new studies show that rocking also helps grown-ups, both human and mouse, get a good
night’s sleep. 结合文章主要内容可知研究人员在测试中发现, 那些被摇晃过的人比那些静止不动的人在睡眠方面更好。并且, 后来的测试发现, 摇晃对动物也有促进睡眠的作用。文章还介绍了这项研究的过程。 【规律方法】标题归纳题属于深层理解题, 它要求考生在通读全文的基础上, 认真分析主人公的特定心态、文章大意及作者的写作意图。在此基础上, 还应做到概括性、针对性、醒目性的有机结合。
概括性原则: 要求标题应在最大程度上覆盖全文, 囊括文章的主要内容, 体现文章的主题要旨。从全局的角度归纳概括出文章的标题。要防止本末倒置, 主次不分, 以点代面, 以偏概全。
针对性原则: 针对性原则是对标题外延的一种界定。即标题的外延既不能太大也不能太小, 要量体裁衣, 大小适度。
醒目性原则: 标题是文章的点睛之笔, 是文章的灵魂和门面。标题的好坏往往影响文章的可读性。读者往往从标题上决定文章的阅读取舍, 故标题往往比较醒目, 甚至比较离奇, 目的是吸引读者的注意力, 唤起读者阅读文章的兴趣。
如第3小题, 根据第一段中Because two new studies show that rocking also helps grown-ups, both human and mouse, get a good night’s sleep. 可知因为两项新的研究表明, 摇摆也有助于成年人, 包括人类和老鼠, 获得一个良好的睡眠。结合文章主要内容可知研究人员在测试中发现, 那些被摇晃过的人比那些静止不动的人在睡眠方面更好。并且, 后来的测试发现, 摇晃对动物也有促进睡眠的作用。文章还介绍了这项研究的过程。故A选项“摇摆也有助于成年人的睡眠”符合文章标题。
B
The United States has about 475, 000 school buses—all painted yellow. Each day they carry more than 25, 000, 000 children, half of all schoolchildren in the country. But these buses, on average, use four liters of diesel (柴油) fuel to travel less than sixteen kilometers. When the school year began last fall, diesel averaged 55 cents a liter nationally. The price nearly doubled, to a dollar and 8 cents, by the end of school in June.
Bob Riley speaks for the American School Bus Council. He says fuel prices for schools are not much lower than others have to pay. As a result, schools are looking for ways to reduce transportation costs. Bus routes are being redrawn or, in some cases, canceled. Some areas are buying buses that use natural gas or other alternative fuels. Other steps include fewer field trips and less travel by sports teams. And some school districts may end any bus service not required by law.
Studies show that school buses are the safest form of transportation to and from school. The American School Bus Council says cuts in bus service are bad for children and possibly the environment. It says removing buses from the road will mean an increase in other vehicles transporting students. Spokesman Bob Riley says another concern is that reducing bus services might reduce attendance.
But it could also get more children to walk or bicycle to school. And
that would surely make people happy at the National Center for Safe Routes to School. More kids walking or biking safely to school is the aim of a three-year-old federal program, part of an international movement. The goal is to increase physical activity and reduce air pollution. The United States will celebrate Walk to School Day on October eighth this year. But for some students, high fuel prices could make every day a walk-to-school day.
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了高油价对校车的影响。 4. What does this passage mainly tell us? A. High fuel prices’ influences on school buses. B. New measures to transport school students. C. The safest form of student transportation. D. The origin of Walk to School Day.
【解析】选A。主旨大意题。这类题目通常看首段和尾段的首尾句。由首段和尾段尾句But for some students, high fuel prices could make every day a walk-to-school day. 可知选A。高燃油价格对校车的影响。 5. In order to cut down transportation cost, many schools take the following measures EXCEPT _________. A. changing some bus routes B. stopping some bus routes
C. asking parents to drive children to and from school D. using other types of fuels
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据关键词cut down transportation cost可以定位到文中句子Bus routes are being redrawn or, in some cases, canceled. Some areas are buying buses that use natural gas or other alternative fuels. 由此可知C选项未被提及, 故选C。
6. The National Center for Safe Routes to School encourages more children to walk or bike to school in order to _________. A. save more fuels and diesel for the country B. keep the children safe on their way to school C. make the children live a simple life
D. keep the children healthy and the environment clean
【解析】选D。细节理解题。由题目可以定位到最后一段The goal is to increase physical activity and reduce air pollution. 目标是增加体育活动和减少空气污染。故选D。
C
“The moment before they called my name, I was really nervous because the other finalists’ presentations are really good and I thought they would win, ” Kara Fan, 14, who has won America’s Top Young Scientist, told Yahoo Finance. “When they announced my name, I was really surprised actually. ”
To win that claim, Fan’s nano-particle liquid bandage had to surpass the experiments of hundreds of fifth to eighth graders as well as nine other finalists. Fan started developing her liquid bandage in April
2019 to fight the overuse of antibiotics(抗生素).
According to the CDC, roughly 2 million people every year suffer a bacterial infection in the U. S. and about 23, 000 passed away as a result. If left alone, a UN study reported, drug-resistant diseases or the “superbug” could lead to 10 million deaths across the globe by 2050. When Fan’s sprayable bandage dries on a person’s skin, it creates a thin layer that protects the wounded area while breaking the cell wall and killing the bacteria on the skin. After experimenting with copper nitrate(铜) to fight bacteria, switching to the silver nitrate ended up being the major catalyst (催化剂) to seeing results for her award-winning project. “Thousands of years ago, ancient people would use copper and silver to eat with and they would drink water from like copper bowls to kill bacteria, ” Fan explained. “I found out that it didn’t work. So I used nano silver. ”
Sir Alexander Fleming’s discovery of penicillin—a type of antibiotic—is Fan’s favorite scientific discovery. That said she doesn’t think humans should rely too heavily on penicillin.
Following her years at Westview High School, Fan hopes to continue her biology track at Stanford University. Along with the $ 25, 000 cash prize she won on October 29, becoming America’s Top Young Scientist may help get the private university’s attention.
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文, 讲述了获得美国最佳青年科学家奖的
卡拉·范发明液体绷带的故事。
7. How did Kara Fan feel about her winning the prize? A. Confident. B. Regretful. C. Proud.
D. Unexpected.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When they announced my name, I was really surprised actually. ”卡拉·范说: “当他们宣布我的名字时, 我真的很惊讶”, 由此可知, 卡拉·范对自己的获奖感到很意外。 8. For what purpose did Fan develop her liquid bandage? A. To fight overuse of antibiotics. B. To enter a national contest. C. To reduce deaths from injuries. D. To get into a good university.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Fan started developing her liquid bandage in April 2019 to fight the overuse of antibiotics”可知, 卡拉·范于2019年4月开始发明液体绷带, 以对抗抗生素的过度使用, 故A项正确。
9. Which of the following does Fan use to kill bacteria? A. Copper nitrate. C. Silver.
B. Copper. D. Nano silver.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Thousands of years ago, ancient people would use copper and silver to eat with and they would drink water from like copper bowls to kill bacteria, ” Fan explained. “I
found out that it didn’t work. So I used nano silver. ”可知, 范解释说: “几千年前, 古代人会用铜碗和银碗吃饭, 他们会喝铜碗里的水来杀灭细菌。但我发现这不起作用, 所以我用了纳米银(来杀菌)。” 10. What might be Fan’s opinion about penicillin? A. Addictive. C. Useless.
B. Valuable. D. Irreplaceable.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Sir Alexander Fleming’s discovery of penicillin—a type of antibiotic—is Fan’s favorite scientific discovery. ”可知, 亚历山大弗莱明发现的青霉素是范最喜欢的科学发现, 由此可知, 范认为青霉素是有价值的。
阅读理解专练(三)
(限时30分钟)
A
Pinocchio may be just a children’s fairy tale, but Spanish scientists at the University of Granada recently investigated the so-called “Pinocchio effect” and found that our noses don’t grow when we tell a lie, but actually shrink a bit.
Dr. Emilio Gómez Milán and his team developed a lie detector test that used thermography to tell if people were lying, and found that
whenever participants in their research were being untruthful, the temperature of the tips of their noses dropped up to 1. 2℃, while the temperature of their forehead increased up to 1. 5℃. Scientists also found that drop in temperature at nose level actually caused it to slightly shrink, although the difference is undetected by the human eye.
“One has to think in order to lie, which rises the temperature of the forehead, ” Dr. Gomez Milan explained the findings. “At the same time we feel anxious, which lowers the temperature of the nose. ”
For this study, researchers asked a number of 60 students to perform various tasks while being scanned by thermal imaging technology. One of these tasks involved calling a 3 to 4 minutes call to their parents, partner or a friend and telling a significant lie. Participants had to devise the lie by themselves during the call, and the thermal cameras picked up this “reverse Pinocchio effect” caused by the fluctuation ( 起 伏 ) in temperature in the nose and forehead.
Interestingly, the thermal lie detector picked up the temperature difference in 80 percent of test subjects, which is a better rate of success than that of any modern lie detector.
“With this method we have achieved to increase accuracy and reduce the occurrence of ’false positives’, something that is frequently with other methods such as the polygraph (测谎仪) , ” said Dr. Emilio Gómez Milán, who added that law enforcement interviewers could one day
combine other lie detection technology with thermal imaging to achieve better results.
The thermal lie detector has been the most reliable in the world, 10% more than the popular polygraph.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了一项新研究发现撒谎虽然不会像匹诺曹故事中那样让鼻子变长, 但是会出现一些细微的面部表情变化, 而这项发现可以应用到司法执法的过程中。 1. Why does the author mention “Pinocchio” at the beginning? A. To tell a fairy story. B. To warn us not to lie. C. To introduce a research. D. To inspire us to doubt old beliefs.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。匹诺曹故事的作用, 而非故事寓意, 故从结构作用上分析可知用匹诺曹是为了引出主题研究。故选C。 2. According to the research, what might happen if you tell a lie? A. Your nose gets longer. B. Your nose becomes smaller. C. Your temperature gets higher. D. Your temperature remains stable.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知, 人撒谎过后鼻尖降温、额头升温, 而这种温度的变化会导致皱鼻子(slightly shrink)的动作, 也就是鼻子会稍微缩小, 故选B。
3. What can we learn about the research? A. Researchers conduct the study by interviewing. B. Researchers design difference lies for participants. C. The thermal lie detector will prove a popular one. D. The thermal lie detector may assist law enforcement.
【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可知, 这项技术有望投入到司法执法过程中, 综合全文内容, 可知这项研究中的最大成果是测谎仪的应用。
B
The famous Spanish painter Pablo Picasso once said, “Every child is an artist. The problem he has is how to remain an artist once he grows up. ”
This is both encouraging and discouraging. The fact that we were all born to be artists is certainly exciting, and yet the reality has proven that remaining one is a task that many of us have failed.
Fortunately, some people have seen the problem and want to solve it.
Western educators have suggested that we introduce the concept of “STEAM” instead of “STEM” —traditional “core majors” including science, technology, engineering, and math—since the “A”, which stands for “arts”, is just as important.
And on April 11, China’s Ministry of Education issued a guideline.
Colleges and universities are required to provide more art-related courses and students need to earn a certain number of art credits in order to graduate.
These efforts which came after many scientific studies had found that art education helps students develop self-confidence and teamwork skills, as well as habits of mind such as problem solving and critical thinking, according to The Washington Post.
It’s true that none of these skills target specific jobs. But as former US ballet dancer Damian Woetzel told The Atlantic, the purpose of art is “to give kids the tools to become adults who are creative, adaptable, and expressive-capable of having their eyes and ears and senses alive”. And we can now see how we lost track of our born “artist self” on our way to growing up: We failed to keep our capabilities to see, hear and feel, and became blind, deaf and insensitive adults.
Hopefully, art education can help turn things around.
【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。西方教育工作者提出“STEAM”的概念, 说明 “艺术”和其他的核心专业同样重要。中国教育部也发布了准则, 要求高校提供更多与艺术相关的课程, 学生需要获得一定数量的艺术学分才能毕业。艺术教育可以培养他们的自信、团队合作精神及思维习惯等。
4. What is the function of the first paragraph? A. To introduce a famous artist.
B. To summarize the whole passage. C. To lead in the topic. D. To encourage us to be artists.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。文章第一段借用西班牙著名画家Pablo Picasso说过的话Every child is an artist. The problem he has is how to remain an artist once he grows up. ”是为了引出下文的关于孩子应该接受艺术教育的话题。故选C项。
5. What can we predict from the guideline issued by China’s Ministry of education?
A. More art-related courses will appear in all schools.
B. College students will have to gain enough art credits to graduate. C. More students will major in art at colleges and universities. D. Art will become much more important than science.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第五段中“Colleges and universities are required to provide more art-related courses and students need to earn a certain number of art credits in order to graduate. ”可知, 根据中国教育部发布的准则, 高校学生需要获得一定量的艺术学分才能毕业。故选B项。
6. What is the best title of the passage? A. Every child is an artist B. Bringing art to life C. Learning from the artists
D. Life is art
【解析】选B。主旨大意题。文章主题是应该发展艺术教育, 让艺术重回我们的生活。所以短文的最佳标题是“让艺术重回我们的生活”。故选B项。
C
It is with mixed emotions that I went to the young criminal center every few months to give vaccinations (接种疫苗). On the one hand, I feel lucky to be able to provide a service that may have a positive health effect on the residents. But, on the other hand, I feel a sense of sadness and disappointment as I see the prisoners being escorted (押送) by guards to the nursing unit.
My last visit was very memorable. For some reason, there was a lightness in the air. More than ever before, I felt a lightness as I spoke with each person. We shared stories and smiles and fears. Even the toughest prisoners seemed to be surrounded by light. As a mother, I saw them as not only youth, being punished for crimes, but also as children who have the potential to change for the better. Most of them wanted to talk longer! They were reaching out to us! It felt right.
There was one more prisoner. He was limited to a different unit in a lonely cell. We were asked if we were okay going down there. We said that we were. Two guards escorted us down and when we entered the area, instant tears welled up in my eyes. The area was sad. These guards didn’t
smile. We entered the cell and had to make do with what was there. We were done but I didn’t want to leave. I gave the 17-year-old a gentle touch and smile as I explained what to do regarding the side effects. At first, there was no response, so I just looked down at his bare feet and then to my supplies. I thought that I had better pack up. Suddenly, he looked up at me and smiled before he said “Thanks” and then he gave me a thumbs-up. I smiled back and said, “You’re welcome. Take care of yourself. ”
It was wonderful to receive a kind response from someone who was in such a harsh place. As we walked back to the main entrance, we didn’t speak. Where there can be a smile, there is hope. Sometimes smiles can be very powerful.
【文章大意】本篇是一篇记叙文, 讲述了作者到青年犯罪中心为这些年轻的罪犯打疫苗的经历。
7. What can we know about the young in the young criminal center? A. They received regular medical service. B. They were treated unfairly. C. They stayed in bad conditions. D. They were forced to take treatment.
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第一段中的“It is with mixed emotions that I went to the young criminal center every few months to give vaccinations. ”可知, 作者每隔几个月就会去给这些年轻的罪犯接种疫
苗, 这说明这些年轻人接受了定期的医疗服务。
8. What was special about the center the last time the author went there? A. She was asked to share stories. B. Every prisoner was kind to her. C. The young people talked freely. D. She sensed a relaxing atmosphere.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“For some reason, there was a lightness in the air. ”可知, 作者最后一次去犯罪中心, 她感受到了一种轻松的氛围。
9. What did the young man think of the author? A. He disliked her for her sympathy. B. He really appreciated her kindness. C. He thought she would change his life. D. He thought she was just an ordinary doctor.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第四段中的“. . . smiled before he said “Thanks” and then he gave me a thumbs-up. ”可知, 他微笑着向作者道谢并对作者竖起了大拇指, 由此可知, 这位年轻人对作者的善意很感激。
10. What impressed the author most in this story? A. The young man’s smile. B. The medical care for prisoners. C. The punishment to the prisoners.
D. The difference between the young man and others.
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Sometimes smiles can be very powerful. ”可知, 作者对这位年轻人的微笑印象最为深刻。 【规律方法】涉及观点态度的推理判断题难度较大, 文章一般不会直接表明人物的态度, 需要我们根据人物的语言、表情或动作来揣摩其态度, 例如本篇第9题, 根据第四段中的“. . . smiled before he said “Thanks” and then he gave me a thumbs-up. ”可知, 他微笑着感谢作者并向作者竖起了大拇指, 由此可知, 这位年轻人对作者的善意很感激。
阅读理解专练(四)
(限时30分钟)
A
From the cold Arctic to the African plains, every society seems to have some form of music as part of their culture. Music is so common and widespread that most people don’t even question it anymore. But until recently, there were researchers who doubted it: How could we know that music was really a part of all known societies?
Now, Harvard researchers, Samuer Mehr and Manvir Singh, have found further evidence to support the argument. They gathered music from different countries, media and time periods, and collected
descriptions of many different pieces of music. Rather than focusing on music first and then looking at where it could be found, they started by studying a record of detailed descriptions of more than three hundred known global societies, and found that all of them have music as part of their culture.
To see if people could recognize the functions of songs from around the world, the researchers also created a listening experiment in which people tried to guess the behavioral context of a song. This went surprisingly well. Particularly music that was intended for dancing or to calm a baby was easy to recognize as either dance music or lullabies. Love songs were a bit more difficult to qualify, because they tend to be very diverse even within cultures.
This systematic study of connections sounds like the way that researchers in other fields would study biological patterns. “There’s a field known as cultural phylogenetics, ” says Singh. Whereas biological characteristics are only received from parent to child, cultural characteristics (like music) are also shared between people of the same generation. That makes it much more difficult to figure out where the characteristic has come from.
“Finally, ” Singh says, “We still don’t know why music developed gradually. Our study shows that humans everywhere share cognitive mechanisms (认知机制) that make certain sounds seem appropriate in
particular contexts. ”
【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文, 介绍世界各地的音乐拥有的共同特点, 同时成为各种文化不可或缺的组成部分。
1. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A. The fact that music is part of every culture. B. The question whether music is widely spread. C. The doubt whether further research has been done. D. The idea that Africa and the Arctic have cool music.
【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据第一段第一句“From the cold Arctic to the African plains, every society seems to have some form of music as part of their culture. ”可知, 每个社会群体似乎都把某种音乐形式当作他们自己文化的一个部分, 由此推断代词it指代音乐是每种文化的一部分这一事实。
2. What did Mehr and Singh do first? A. They found out further evidence. B. They studied various societies. C. They sought the origins of music. D. They focused mainly on music.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“Rather than focusing on music first and then looking at where it could be found, they started by studying a record of detailed descriptions of more than three hundred known global societies”可知, Mehr和Singh首先做的事情是研究全球三
百多个已知社会群体的详细描述的记录。 3. What’s the purpose of the listening experiment? A. To comfort a baby. B. To pick out love songs. C. To create a context. D. To tell functions of songs.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第三段“To see if people could recognize the functions of songs from around the world, the researchers also created a listening experiment in which. . . ”可知, 听乐辨析实验的目的是看人们能否对世界各地的音乐功能加以辨别。
B
Every year, thousands of new high school graduates pack their bags, move to new cities, and sign papers accepting loans, the money borrowed from a bank or lenders etc. , which they might not be able to pay back. Without proper education on personal finance, especially as it relates to paying for college, young adults are guided into improper loan plans that result in years of debt after graduation. In order to set students up to succeed financially, it is important to educate students and parents on their financial options before school in the fall. The best way to support families heading for college is to require that every high school student take a personal finance class before graduation. This will help smooth the transition into adulthood.
The average student takes out at least one loan to cover the costs of their education each year. In 2014 the average student graduating from college carried a negative balance of about $20, 000 in debt, which often spread over multiple lenders. Upon graduation, students rarely know exactly how much money they owe, and even though they are in the state of being unable to pay their debts, they cannot wipe out student loans. These students spend much of their adult lives paying off the gradual increasing debts.
A personal finance course would teach students how to manage their income and expenses, while helping to significantly reduce the amount of debt students carry into adulthood. By teaching students how to save money and live within their means, this course will provide the next generation with a foundation to progress financially. Students choosing to get a job straight out of high school would also benefit from finance education for these very reasons. With education on how to manage their finances, all young people will have the knowledge to make healthy decisions, leading them to improve good credit and purchase needed items like cars and homes with skill and confidence.
While not every young person makes financial mistakes, those who do can face years of difficulty trying to get their finances back under control. Rather than help them through these hard times when they happen, we should try to prevent them from happening at all. Making the
completion of personal finance coursework a requirement for graduation would ensure that young people are at least aware of the basics of preserving a financial stability.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种理财课程, 教学生怎么合理地管理自己的钱财, 避免陷入债务危机。
4. After graduation from college, many young people _________. A. spend years paying off their debts B. struggle to support their families C. get through the hard times smoothly D. are able to manage their own finances well
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“. . . young adults are guided into improper loan plans that result in years of debt after graduation”可知, 很多年轻人花很多年偿还债务。故选A项。 5. Having financial knowledge, high school students are probably able to _________.
A. smooth their way for college B. get out of their financial trap
C. avoid the risk of the future financial trouble D. free from the cost of their college education
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的“Making the completion of personal finance coursework a requirement for graduation would ensure that young people are at least aware of the basics of
preserving a financial stability. ”可知, 有了理财知识, 年轻人至少能了解保持经济稳定的基本知识, 也就是可以避免陷入经济困境。故选C项。
6. The main purpose of the passage is to _________. A. inform and explain B. argue and persuade C. analyze and evaluate D. discuss and examine
【解析】选B。推理判断题。文章首先指出大学生会欠下很多债务, 以至于在毕业多年后仍然忙于偿还债务, 然后劝说这些学生参加理财课程, 因为该课程能帮助他们更好地管理自己的钱, 学会节约和合理使用钱。故选B项。
C
He really did look like a tourist, with a camera around his neck and a bottle of sunscreen cream sticking out of his bag. The fat man sat on the terrace (平台), sipping lemonade and pretending to look at a tourism brochure. His sunglasses masked his eyes, but I knew he wasn’t looking at the brochure: he hadn’t turned a page for the last ten minutes. As I brought him his dishes, he coughed up a “thank you” and looked at me briefly. I tried not to stare at the tiny scar across his left eyebrow. I walked back inside with my empty tray, shaking my head. He looked familiar, but I couldn’t quite place him. Then it hit me. The car
accident. The mysterious stranger who helped me out of my crashed car, just before it exploded. I rushed back to his table. He was gone.
I moved his saucer and found his tip, along with a card: I am deeply grateful to you. The night of your car accident, I was on my way to rob a jewelry store. Saving your life brought things back in a right way. I now live an honest life, thanks to you. God bless you! Mr D.
I shivered(震颤). The night of my car accident, I was heading for an interview in an illegal dance club. Seeing human kindness through his heroic gesture turned my life around and brought faith back into my life. I unfolded the tip he left. Among the singles was a grand (一千美元)with a pen mark underlining “In God We Trust. ” I said a silent prayer for him and got back to work, smiling.
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。一个要去抢劫的陌生人在车祸中救了作者的命, 从此改变了双方的生活。这个要抢劫的人恢复正常的生活, 让作者看到了人性的善良, 重拾生活的信心。后来两人在作者工作的地方重遇, 他给作者留下小费和卡片以感谢作者, 作者也为他祈祷。 7. Why did the fat man look like a tourist?
A. Because he used money not the same as the locals. B. Because he carried what tourists usually have on. C. Because he doesn’t look like a native citizen. D. Because he ordered strange food and drinks.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段“He really did look like a tourist,
with a camera around his neck and a bottle of sunscreen cream sticking out of his bag. ”可知, 胖子带着旅客常带的东西, 故选B。 【规律方法】细节理解题的正确选项的特点
(1)一般可以在文章中找到直接或间接的答案, 但不可能与阅读材料一模一样, 而是用不同的词语或句型去表达相同的意思。例如, 原文用双重否定, 选项用肯定句式; 进行同义词替换或句子结构的替换或句子结构变换; 原文与选项互换反义词等。当然这只是形式上的变换, 意思还是一致。
(2)在因果关系上常常命题, 正确项多为产生原因或是主要原因, 也有少量考结果的。
He really did look like a tourist, with a camera around his neck and a bottle of sunscreen cream sticking out of his bag. 句子中前为果后为因。故可知答案。
8. How did the writer know the man didn’t read the brochure? A. He was drinking all the time. B. He sat still with his sunglasses. C. The page remained unturned. D. He was staring at the writer.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第一段中的“he hadn’t turned a page for the last ten minutes. 他已经十分钟没有翻页了。”可知他是假装在看宣传册。故选C。
9. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. They kept in touch with each other since then. B. The writer had been searching for the man. C. The man became a rich man years later. D. The writer didn’t go to that interview.
【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据最后一段“The night of my car accident, I was heading for an interview in an illegal dance club. . . ”可推断出作者去面试前发生车祸而没有去面试。故选D。 10. What is their attitude towards each other? A. Sympathetic. B. Grateful. C. Worried.
D. Trusty.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第三段“I am deeply. . . thanks to you. God bless you! Mr D. ”可知, 他感激我。根据第四段“Seeing human kindness through his heroic gesture turned my life around and brought faith back into my life. 和I said a silent prayer for him and got back to work, smiling. ”可知, 他的英雄行为让我看到了人性的善良, 使我的生活发生了变化, 并使我对生活重拾信心。我默默地为他祈祷。由此可推断出他们相互感激。故选B。
阅读理解专练(五)
(限时30分钟)
A
If you’re too busy to buy the latest issues of your favorite magazines, never fear—help is at hand. With digital subscriptions available from My Favorite Magazines, you can get every issue straight to your tablet or cellphone. Below are some fantastic monthly magazines you can enjoy today.
How It Works is a magazine with exciting facts about our world. Each issue is packed with interesting facts and stories on everything from science, technology and transport, to the environment and history. With easy-to-follow diagrams, fun trivia(花絮)and all the vital answers to questions you didn’t even realize you had, it cures boredom and feeds curious minds. $2. 5 per issue(standard price: $3. 5).
Have you found yourself staring up at the stars in awe? All about Space discovers the mysteries of our Solar System and beyond. From the amazing technology and spacecraft that enables humans to venture(冒险) into orbit, to the complexities of space science, the All about Space team has you covered. $2. 6 per issue(standard price: $3. 7).
History of War takes you through the stories, strategies, heroes and machines of armed conflict through the ages. Each issue covers some of the most astonishing and inspiring stories from battlefields across the centuries, including powerful interviews with soldiers and expert analyses from leading historians. $2. 7 per issue(standard price: $3. 8).
From the plots of ancient Rome, to the scandals(丑闻)of the Tudor Court and heroic tales from World War Ⅱ—All about History takes you on a journey across the centuries, and leaves in all the drama and entertainment our attractive past has to offer. Each issue is full of valuable pictures and interesting stories written by historians. $2. 8 per issue(standard price: $4).
【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文。文章是电子杂志月刊的订阅广告。分别介绍了关于趣味百科、宇宙天文、战争历史、历史轶事的四种杂志的相关内容和价格信息。
1. How much can it save you to subscribe the first magazine for a year? A. 2. 5 dollars. B. 3. 5 dollars. C. 6 dollars.
D. 12 dollars.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。 定位到原文第二段最后一句可知每期节省1美金。结合第一段“monthly magazines”月刊, 可知一年共省了12美金。
2. Which of the following can satisfy astronomy lovers? A. How It Works. C. History of War.
B. All about Space. D. All about History.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。结合第三段可知All about Space涵盖了航天科技和太空科学等内容, 与题意相符。 3. What is special about All about History? A. It interviews soldiers from World War Ⅱ.
B. It is the cheapest of the four magazines. C. It tells many historical stories over the centuries. D. It solves the questions you’re puzzled at.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。 定位到文章第五段 “All about History takes you on a journey across the centuries, and leaves in all the drama and entertainment our attractive past has to offer. ”可知All about History讲述了横跨多个世纪的历史故事。
B Time Travel
If you could travel in time, where would you go? Perhaps you would watch an original performance of a Shakespeare’s play in Elizabethan England? What about hanging out with Laozi in the Spring and Autumn Period? Or maybe you’d voyage far ahead of the present day to see what the future holds.
The possibility of time travel is indeed appealing. Stories exploring the subject have been around for hundreds of years. Perhaps the best known example is science fiction novel The Time Machine, which was written by H. G. Wells and published in 15 for the first time. It was adapted into at least two feature films of the same name, as well as two television versions, and a large number of comic book adaptations. It is generally credited with the popularization of the concept of time travel using a vehicle that allows an operator to travel purposefully and selectively. The
term “time machine”, coined by Wells, is now universally used to refer to a vehicle transporting people into the far future.
But could time travel actually be possible? Some scientists say yes, in theory. They propose using cracks in time and space called “wormholes”, which could be used as shortcuts to other periods. Einstein’s theory of relativity allows time travel in extreme circumstances. And British physicist Stephen Hawking says you could travel into the future with a really fast spaceship going at nearly the speed of light. Though building such a spaceship would of course be no simple task.
Even if you could travel into the past, there is something called the “grandfather paradox”. It asks what would happen if a time traveler were to go back in time and have his own grandfather killed for some reason, and therefore prevent himself from being born. If the time traveler wasn’t born, how would he travel back in time?
And would you really like to visit the future? In H. G. Wells’ book, the main character travels into distant time where he arrives at a beach and is attacked by giant crabs. He then voyages 30 million years into the future where the only living thing is a black object with tentacles(触角).
If that’s what’s in store, maybe we are better just living in the present day after all.
【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。人类一直对时间旅行很感兴趣。从理论上来说, 时间旅行是可以的。但是, 从另一个角度而言, 时间旅行未
必是好事。因此作者认为我们还是生活在现在更好。
4. The novel The Time Machine mentioned in Paragraph 2 aims to show _________.
A. the contribution of H. G. Wells B. the story’s different features C. the long history of time travel D. people’s interest in time travel
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The possibility of time travel is indeed appealing. ”可知, 时间旅行的可能性确实很吸引人。在第二段中提到这部小说就是想说明人们对时间旅行的兴趣。 5. Einstein’s and Hawking’s theories _________. A. suggest the possibility to invent the time machine B. push the invention of the first spaceship C. have proved wrong by some time travelers D. have similarities in many ways
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But could time travel actually be possible? Some scientists say yes, in theory. . . Einstein’s theory of relativity allows time travel in extreme circumstances. And British physicist Stephen Hawking says you could travel into the future with a really fast spaceship going at nearly the speed of light. ”可知, 霍金和爱因斯坦的理论证明了时间旅行的可能性。
6. In Paragraph 4, “grandfather paradox” probably refers to the idea that
_________.
A. the traveler is prevented from meeting his grandfather
B. the grandfather’s death makes the traveler’s birth impossible C. the traveler goes back in time to seek for his grandfather D. the reunion of the traveler and his grandfather brings happiness 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“. . . there is something called the ’grandfather paradox’. . . If the time traveler wasn’t born, how would he travel back in time? ”可知, “grandfather paradox”提出的观点是: 祖父死亡导致时间旅行者无法出生。
7. According to the passage, what is probably the author’s attitude towards time travel? A. Skeptical. C. Supportive.
B. Unclear. D. Unconcerned.
【解析】选A。观点态度题。最后一段作者提到: 也许我们还是活在当下更好。由此可知, 作者对时间旅行存在怀疑, 怀疑其真实的结果。
C
Climate change will bring and has already brought a wide variety of threatening destruction to human existence. Some of these are well-known and already operative, like the wildfires racing along California’s freeways or the permanent droughts that have been upsetting Mediterranean farmers. But are these all terrible disasters we can come up with that are brought about by climate change?
Absolutely not. None of the challenges posed by our warming climate has appeared larger in the popular imagination than sea-level rise, as global populations and wealth are heavily concentrated in low-lying coastal cities. The best available models suggest that 37 million people currently live in places that will be below high tide by 2050—in an optimistic low-carbon-emissions scenario (设想).
Or rather, that’s what such models suggested before this week. On Tuesday, a new study revealed that those alarming statistics were wildly inaccurate. The actual impacts of sea-level rise are going to be much, much worse.
Previous estimates of the impact that rising tides would have on coastal cities relied on essentially a three-dimensional map of Earth obtained from satellite readings. But those readings were fundamentally unreliable because they often measured the planet’s upper surfaces — such as treetops and tall buildings — rather than its ground level. These mistakes led scientists to overestimate the elevation (海拔) of many regions of Earth.
In a new study published by the journal Nature Communications, scientists from Princeton University detail this methodological problem, then use artificial intelligence to determine the previous literature’s error rate. Their research yields some amazing updates to our conventional understanding of what the next century has in store for our coastlines.
In its optimistic scenario, the Princeton study projects that lands currently occupied by 150 million people will lie below high tide in 2050. But as warming destroys many of the world’s agricultural regions, climate change could accelerate migration from rural areas to coastal cities.
The new study does include one piece of slightly encouraging news. While previous models suggested that 28 million humans currently live in places that already lie below high tide, the actual number is closer to 110 million — which means seawalls and other barriers have proven sufficient to keep many cities dry even as sea levels have risen around them. Still, the scale of barrier construction necessary to save low-lying cities from collapse is now, apparently, far greater than previously understood when the task already looked terribly expensive, particularly for developing countries.
If the Princeton researchers’ projections are correct, avoiding mass death and suffering in the coming decades will require not only rapidly reducing carbon emissions and strengthening construction of seawalls but also furthering mass migrations away from low-lying cities and islands and toward higher ground.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章强调了全球变暖的问题, 并介绍了全球变暖导致的海平面上升淹没沿海城市的问题。 8. The first paragraph is mainly intended to _________. A. introduce the topic of this passage
B. show various disasters caused by climate change C. call on people to fix attention on climate change D. lay emphasis on the seriousness of climate change
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据文章第一段内容可知, 本段的目的是引出气候变化这个主题。
9. We can see something encouraging from the Princeton study that _________.
A. it’s cheap to construct seawalls as well as other barriers B. the scale of barrier construction is much smaller than before C. developed countries have less trouble in dealing with rising sea levels D. seawalls do have the function to prevent coastal cities being drowned 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据文章第七段. . . seawalls and other barriers have proven sufficient to keep many cities dry even as sea levels have risen around them. 可知, 海堤确实有防止沿海城市被淹的作用。 10. What can be a suitable title for the passage? A. How to protect cities from rising seas. B. Rising seas are going to drown more cities. C. Climate change is endangering human existence. D. Less emission of carbon, fewer fires and droughts.
【解析】选B。主旨大意题。根据文章的主旨大意可知, 本调的是气候变化情况下海平面上升淹没沿海城市的问题。
阅读理解专练(六)
(限时30分钟)
A
In the middle of the 19th century, a fever dream of riches beyond measure drew countless explorers west to the mountains of central California. Although the gold rush ended up being a bust for many who sought a fortune, some of those explorers discovered a natural treasure that would draw permanent settlers to Yosemite Valley in the following decade.
Vast wilderness, beautiful mountains, countless waterfalls, and abundant wildlife drew Native Americans to Yosemite roughly 10, 000 years ago. The first non-native tourists arrived in the mid-1850s after reports from gold seekers told of an area of breathtaking beauty that no words were able to describe.
Fortunately, some of Yosemite’s earliest settlers recognized that Yosemite’s natural beauty and resources needed to be preserved for future generations. In the midst of the Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln signed a grant to protect Yosemite permanently, thus making it the nation’s first land to be dedicated to recreation and setting the stage for what would become the national park system.
One of Yosemite’s earliest ambassadors was Scottish-American naturalist and writer John Muir. After living in Yosemite for a few years, he helped define its proposed boundaries. He also wrote articles that helped lead to its official title as a national park in 10. He later co-founded the Sierra Club in 12 to advocate for its continued preservation and protection.
Located on the western slope of the Sierra Nevada mountain range in central California, Yosemite National Park runs across nearly 748, 000 acres, almost 95% of which is wilderness. Around four million visitors come to Yosemite each year to camp, hike its miles of trails, climb its rock formations, and photograph its impressive sights. Are you ready to visit Yosemite National Park? Which of Yosemite’s sights would you most like to experience?
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了美国风景优美之地——约塞米蒂的历史以及约塞米蒂国家公园的特点。
1. Which of the following best explains “bust” underlined in Paragraph 1? A. Memory. B. Symbol. C. Failure.
D. Challenge.
【解析】选C。词义猜测题。根据Although和画线词后的“. . . some of those explorers discovered a natural treasure”以及历史知识可知, 尽管淘金热最终以许多淘金者的失败而告终……但其中一些探索者发现了一个自然宝藏, 由此可知画线词词义为“失败”。
2. When did the first non-native tourists come to Yosemite? A. After it was discovered by gold seekers. B. When the gold rush finally came to a stop. C. Before Native Americans found its beauty. D. When it became a national park in 10.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The first non-native tourists arrived in the mid-1850s after reports from gold seekers told of an area of breathtaking beauty that no words were able to describe. ”可知, 第一批非本地游客是在听淘金者说这里有难以用语言描绘的美景后来到约塞米蒂的。
3. What do we learn about John Muir? A. He was the first to build the national park. B. He helped set the boundaries of Yosemite. C. He wrote to collect money for Yosemite. D. He gave Yosemite an official name.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第四段中的“After living in Yosemite for a few years, he helped define its proposed boundaries. ”可知, 在约塞米蒂居住多年后, John Muir帮助确定了约塞米蒂的边界。
B
As carmakers push ahead with self-driving vehicles, an Austrian aerospace company and its Chinese partner showed off their pilotless “flying taxi” for the first time in Europe on Thursday.
The drone (无人驾驶飞机) hummed loudly as it rose above the ground at Vienna’s Generali Arena, home to soccer club FK Austria Wien. The slim plane, which weighs 750 pounds, circled in the air briefly and came down within a few minutes.
“The EHang 216, which can seat two passengers, has been tested comprehensively and is essentially ready for mass production, ”said Derrick Xiong, co-founder of Chinese drone maker EHang. “The drone can fly at up to 150 km per hour for almost half an hour, ”FACC AG Chief Executive Officer Robert Machtlinger said. “It can travel between 50 and 70 kilometers depending on the load. ”The passenger capsule is small, with leg room that taller passengers might find less than adequate, an Austrian photographer who took part in a demonstration(演示)flight told Reuters.
Joining the race for new autonomous aircraft services that do not require runways, EHang entered a strategic partnership last year with Austria’s FACC AG, owned by Chinese aerospace group AVIC, aiming to offer short-distance services for passengers, industrial equipment and urgent medical deliveries. FACC AG says it has already received several thousand orders for the $336, 000 drone, with the highest demand in China. Competitors working toward offering autonomous flying cars early in the next decade range from aerospace company Airbus to Uber and AeroMobil.
“Technically. . . urban mobility, flying without a pilot, is possible. It’s not a dream, ” said Machtlinger. “What is stopping us from going into larger volumes (量) is regulation, ” he added. “A future legal framework for autonomous flying vehicles should regulate communication with other planes and helicopters and provide traffic rules, ” he said. Austria supports international efforts to quickly establish the necessary regulation, said transport minister Norbert Hofer. He hopes that Austria will be the place where thousands of these air taxis will be built and that very soon we will see a lot of these air taxis in the air.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了奥地利航空公司和它的中国合作伙伴首次展示的无人驾驶“飞行出租车”的相关情况。 4. What stage of development is the EHang 216 at? A. It’s being tested comprehensively. B. It’s ready for mass production. C. It’s ready for demonstration flights. D. It’s being adapted to customer demands.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。题干含意“EHang 216处于什么发展阶段? ”。根据题干中的关键词the EHang 216定位到原文第三段第一句中的“The EHang 216, which can seat two passengers, has been tested comprehensively and is essentially ready for mass production”可知, 正确答案为B。
5. What do we know about the EHang 216?
A. Its maximum load is 750 pounds. B. It can carry two passengers. C. It can fly for almost an hour. D. It can travel over 70 kilometers.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。题干含意“关于EHang 216我们知道什么? ”。由此可定位到原文第三段第一句中的“The EHang 216, which can seat two passengers”可知, 正确答案为B。
6. What is a big barrier to a wider use of flying taxis? A. Technical problems. B. Objection of the government. C. Lack of related rules.
D. Competition between aerospace companies.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。题干含意“对于更广泛地使用飞行出租车的一个大的障碍是什么? ”。根据题干中的关键词a big barrier定位到原文最后一段中的“What is stopping us from going into larger volumes is regulation”可知, 正确答案为C。 【规律方法】 间接类事实细节题考法
该类试题的选项不出现原文的直接信息, 而是借助同义转换、概念解析、归纳事实等方法对原文信息进行适当变换。如第6题, 文章中指出“飞行出租车”的一个大障碍是规则, 即缺乏相关的规定。
C
At 24, Tiffany Calver might worry she has already peaked (达到顶峰) as a DJ. She began DJing as a hobby, uploading mixes to her SoundCloud. Her high-energy selections soon caught the eyes of the online station Radar Radio and then Drake’s management, leading her to land many firsts.
“I just want to express myself, ” she says. “I’m not interested in copying anyone else’s work; I have to be me. I love artists such as Kojey Radical whose lyrics (歌词) are so aware of human experiences. There are also great examples set by artists from the older generation like Ghetts. Ghetts actually cooperated with Kojey on Black Rose, which is all about colourism — prejudice against darker-skinned women — a huge problem in the black community (团体). ”
“It’s really exciting to see the BBC taking notice of a new generation of tastemakers in our community. I remember a time when there was no place for younger voices. Snoochie Shy is taking on the 1Xtra rap (说唱) from Monday to Thursday and Charlie Sloth is being replaced by two women, which is huge for one of the biggest radio stations in the country. I think it’ll have a big effect and encourage more women to follow suit. ”
“It was great to hear women such as Rico Nasty, who is aggressive, succeed last year because, even as a DJ, I hate it when people tell me I have to ’play something for the ladies’. There’s such a rich history of unapologetic women in hip-hop, from Lil’ Kim to Cardi B and Nicki Minaj.
Even rappers such as Noname, who might not have as much of an aggressive sound but can talk about politics in the same song, are not afraid to show all the layers there are to being a woman. It isn’t just soft and feminine. ”
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了24岁的Tiffany Calver是一名DJ和说唱歌手。她勇于表达自我, 不断追求自我, 代表了说唱的新声音。
7. We learn from Paragraph 2 that Kojey Radical and Ghetts _________. A. are a new generation B. are in the same station C. dare to express themselves D. live in the same community
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段I just want to express myself可知, Kojey Radical和Ghetts都反对对有色人种的歧视, 敢于表达自己。 8. What does Calver think of Charlie Sloth’s replacement? A. She feels it is unbelievable. B. It is a heavy blow for many men. C. It allows women to change jobs. D. She holds positive attitude towards it.
【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第三段I think it’ll have a big effect and encourage more women to follow suit. 可知Calver持一种积极的看法。 9. Which of the following words can describe the women mentioned in the
last paragraph? A. Brave. C. Selfless.
B. Creative. D. Considerate.
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第四段. . . are not afraid to show all the layers there are to being a woman. 可知, 最后一段提到的几位女性大胆展示作为女性的所有层次, 这说明她们都很勇敢。 10. What is the text mainly about? A. The success in music. B. The new voice of rap. C. The different trend in DJ. D. The influence of a woman.
【解析】选B。主旨大意题。文中主要讲述了说唱歌手Tiffany Calver勇于表达自我, 不断追求自我的个性, 代表了说唱的新声音。
阅读理解专练(七)
(限时30分钟)
A
A tiny clue found in ancient deposits has unlocked big secrets about Greenland’s past and future climate. Just beyond the northwest edge of the vast Greenland Ice Sheet, researchers have discovered lake mud that
have survived the last ice age. The mud, and remains of common flies in it, record two interglacial periods (间冰期) in northwest Greenland.
Although researchers have long known these two periods—the early Holocene and Last Interglacial—experienced warming in the Arctic, the mix of fly species shows that Greenland was even warmer than previously thought. “As far as we know, it has never been found in Greenland. We think this is the first time anyone has reported it in ancient deposits or modern lakes there, ” Axford said. “We were really surprised to see how far north it migrated (迁徙). ”
This new information could help researchers better measure Greenland’s sensitivity to warming, by testing and improving models of climate and ice sheet behaviour. Those models could then improve predictions of how Greenland’s ice sheet might respond to man-made global warming. After all, Greenland covers 80 per cent of the Arctic country and holds enough ice to equal 20 feet of global sea level. “Northwest Greenland might feel really remote, but what happens to that ice sheet is going to matter to everyone in every coastal city around the world, ” said Yarrow Axford, an associate professor in the team. “One of the big uncertainties in climate science is how fast the Earth changes when it gets warmer. Geology gives us an opportunity to see what happened when the Earth was warmer than today, ” said Axford.
People might be surprised to see how today’s Greenland looked
during the last two interglacial periods. During the Last Interglacial, global sea levels increased by 15 to 30 feet, largely due to thinning of Greenland and Antarctica’s ice sheets. However, now researchers believe northern Greenland’s ice sheet experienced stronger warming than previously thought, which could mean that Greenland is more responsible for that sea-level rise.
Finding lake deposits older than about 10, 000 years, however, has been historically very difficult in Greenland. To measure these ancient temperatures, researchers look to ice cores (冰核) and lake deposits. Since ice and lake deposits form by a gradual buildup on annual layers of snow or mud, these cores contain history of the past. By looking through the layers, researchers can obtain climate clues from centuries ago.
【文章大意】本文为一篇说明文, 文章主要介绍了研究人员在格陵兰冰原的西北边缘发现了在最后一个冰河时代幸存下来的湖泥, 这些淤泥和常见苍蝇的遗骸表明, 格陵兰北部的冰盖经历了比之前认为的更强烈的变暖, 以及阐明这一研究背后的意义。
1. Why are the remains of flies mentioned in the first two paragraphs? A. They serve as evidence that there is still life in the Northwest Greenland.
B. They were one of the many ancient lives that were left in the Greenland mud.
C. They are indicators that Greenland was much warmer than previously
thought.
D. They help the researchers realize that there was once a warm period in the Arctic.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句 The mud, and remains of common flies in it, record two interglacial periods in northwest Greenland. 和第二段第一句 Although researchers have long known these two periods — the early Holocene and Last Interglacial — experienced warming in the Arctic, the mix of fly species shows that Greenland was even warmer than previously thought. 可知苍蝇种类的混合表明, 格陵兰甚至比以前认为的还要温暖。
2. The new information about Greenland is important because _________.
A. researchers have no idea how to measure Greenland’s warming speed B. it can help researchers better study Greenland’s response to warming C. people should be more sensitive to the changes in the ice in Greenland D. it is uncertain how fast the Earth changes with man-made global warming
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第三段第一句This new information could help researchers better measure Greenland’s sensitivity to warming, by testing and improving models of climate and ice sheet behavior. 可知这些新信息可以帮助研究人员更好地测量格陵兰岛对变暖的敏感性。 3. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A. It is easier for today’s scientists to find ancient lake deposits. B. People are surprised at the landscape feature of Greenland today. C. Researchers measure the changing temperatures by directly examining mud.
D. Greenland holds enough ice that might one day threaten life in coastal cities.
【解析】选D。 推理判断题。根据第三段After all, Greenland covers 80 per cent of the Arctic country and holds enough ice to equal 20 feet of global sea level. “Northwest Greenland might feel really remote, but what happens to that ice sheet is going to matter to everyone in every coastal city around the world, ” said Yarrow Axford, an associate professor in the team. 可知格陵兰的冰盖变化会影响沿海城市的每一个人。
B
Have you ever heard someone say “You totally look like you’re a Jessica” or something similar? People seem to think that they know what kind of person a “Jessica” or a “Michael” looks like. Why is this?
According to a study published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, humans tend to associate people’s names with their appearances, and can even guess someone’s name based on how they look.
Researchers collected thousands of photos of people’s faces. They labeled (贴标签于) each photo with four names. Then, they asked
volunteers to guess which of the four names was correct.
The volunteers were able to guess the right name 38% of the time. It seems that certain characteristics of faces give them clues about someone’s name, Reader’s Digest reported.
However, this only worked when the volunteers looked at names from their own culture. In addition, the volunteers were not as good at guessing the real names of people who used nicknames more often than their real names. This may show that a person’s appearance is affected by his name only if he uses it often.
“This kind of face-name matching happens because of a process of a self-fulfilling prophecy(预言), as we become what other people expect us to become, ”Ruth Mayo from Tile University told science news website EurekAlert!
Earlier studies have shown that gender and race stereotypes (刻板印象) can affect a person’s appearance. The researchers believe there are also similar stereotypes about names. For example, people tend to think that men named Bob should have rounder faces because the word itself looks round. People may think that women named Rose are beautiful. They expect them to be “delicate” and “female”, just like the flower they are named for.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。一项研究发现, 人们倾向于把姓名和外貌联系起来, 甚至通过一个人的长相来猜测其姓名。
4. How is this passage developed? A. By giving examples. B. By asking questions.
C. By introducing an experiment. D. By comparing different cases.
【解析】选C。写作手法题。通读全文可知, 前四段主要介绍了一项关于姓名和外貌之间的联系的实验的过程和结果, 后三段主要介绍了与该实验相关的结论。据此可推知, 本文是通过介绍一项实验的方式来写作的。 【规律方法】 篇章结构题解题技巧
对《考试大纲》中提出的理解文章的基本结构的要求, 往往通过篇章结构题来考查。考生要学会把握文章的脉络, 理解段落层次之间的关系, 弄清作者的写作方法。英语的文章讲究使用主题段和主题句。主题段通常在文章的开头, 简要概括文章的中心思想, 主题句根据段落的写作手法的不同可能在段落的开头, 也可能出现在段落的中间或末尾。段与段之间常用词语连接, 承上启下, 使文章行文连贯, 逻辑严密。为突出主题作者可能采用不同的写作手法来组织文章, 通过举例、比 较、类比等手法来透彻阐明主题观点。
对文章组织结构的理解, 最常见的提问方式: How is the passage organized? ; Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?
分析这一类的题我们看出: 对文章组织结构的考查不外乎两个层次。一是按段落的组织方法理解文章的结构, 一是按写作方法理解文章的结构。在解题过程中我们要在抓住主旨大意的基础上, 理解段落层次间的关系, 理解文章的结构。
5. What can be inferred from the study?
A. Volunteers found it much easier to guess nicknames. B. Names have different associations in different cultures. C. Volunteers could guess the characteristics of the interviewees. D. The people in the photos and volunteers were from the same culture. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第五段第一句“However, this only worked when the volunteers looked at names from their own culture. ”可知, 然而, 只有当志愿者看到来自他们自己文化的名字时, 这种方法才有效。据此可推知, 姓名在不同的文化里有不同的联系。
6. Why do some people look like their names according to Ruth Mayo? A. They want to please everyone around them. B. They don’t want to be different from others.
C. They tend to become what others expect them to become. D. They like to copy famous people who share the same name.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第六段中Ruth Mayo所说的话“This kind of face-name matching happens because of a process of a self-fulfilling prophecy, as we become what other people expect us to become”可知, Ruth Mayo认为, 一些人的姓名与外貌相一致是因为他们趋向于成为别
人期望他们成为的样子。
C
On a recent trip to the island of Newfoundland, Canada, my husband asked our talkative cab driver what made him most proud to be a native.
“Our generosity and hospitality (好客), ” he replied in a strong local accent. “If your car breaks down in the middle of nowhere, someone will stop to help. People here are kind like that. ” His answer rang in my mind during that ride with my husband and teenage kids, as we headed out to explore on the first day of our vacation.
Little did I know we were about to experience some of that remarkable Newfoundland kindness for ourselves. We met Alma that same morning at the start of a long hike. Our teenagers hurried ahead, and as we walked behind, admiring the scenery, two women in sunglasses and summer hiking equipment stopped. They’d heard us discussing different routes, and then asked if we’d like suggestions. They looked to be in their 40s, and were both enthusiastic to share their local expertise.
We listened eagerly, taking mental notes, until one of the women asked, “You have a car, right? ” I explained that there were no cars available during our week on the island, so we had to rely on cabs instead.
“Oh no, ” she said, “you need a car. ” And then, as casually as if offering a piece of chewing gum (口香糖), she said, “Take mine! ” My husband and I just smiled in disbelief, dumbfounded.
“Why not? ” she insisted. “You need a car to get to know all these places. ”
“But you don’t even know us, ” I said.
“That doesn’t matter, ”she continued with absolute determination. Surprised, I looked over at her friend, who shrugged and said, “That’s Alma. ”
Forty minutes of talking later, my family climbed into Alma’s car. We spent the rest of our vacation discovering different areas of this beautiful island. But it wasn’t the groups of whales we saw, or the vast areas of woodland, that made this place so memorable. Instead, it was the act of kindness from a complete stranger that made us realize how special Newfoundland really was.
Next year, there’s no doubt where we’ll be taking our summer vacation. Who knows what act of kindness we’ll meet then?
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。作者一家去加拿大纽芬兰岛旅行时, 最让他们难忘的不是那里的美景, 而是一位陌生的善良的女士将私家车借给作者一家, 让他们自驾体验美景…… 7. What did the cab driver take pride in as a native? A. Their kindness and enthusiasm. B. Their cheap service and friendliness. C. Their unselfishness and determination. D. Their rich experience and local knowledge.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“’Our generosity and hospitality, ’he replied in a strong local accent. ’If your car breaks down in the middle of nowhere, someone will stop to help. People here are kind like that. ’”可知, 当地人的善良和热情让出租车司机自豪。
8. The underlined word “dumbfounded” in Paragraph 5 probably means “_________”.
A. annoyed B. satisfied C. shocked
D. embarrassed
【解析】选C。词义猜测题。根据第五段第二句“And then, as casually as if offering a piece of chewing gum, she said, ’Take mine! ’”可知, 那位女士让我们用她的车; 结合该句“My husband and I just smiled in disbelief, dumbfounded. ”可推知, 听到陌生人给我们提供汽车, 我和丈夫应是不敢相信, 感到很惊讶。画线词与该句中的“in disbelief”相呼应, 表示“惊呆的”。
9. What impressed the author most during her stay in Newfoundland? A. The local culture of the island. B. The answer from the cab driver. C. The beautiful scenery of the island. D. The help from an enthusiastic stranger.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“Instead, it was the act of kindness from a complete stranger that made us realize how special Newfoundland really was. ”可知, 最让作者难忘的是一位陌生人友好的
帮助, 即她将自己的车借给了作者。
10. What can we infer about the author from the last paragraph? A. She expects to visit Newfoundland again. B. She hasn’t decided where to go next year yet. C. She is looking forward to meeting Alma once more. D. She also wants to be kind to others during the vacation.
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据最后一段可知, 作者希望再次去纽芬兰岛旅游。
【知识拓展】长难句分析
Little did I know we were about to experience some of that remarkable Newfoundland kindness for ourselves.
分析: 该句为主从复合句。句中we were about to experience some of that remarkable Newfoundland kindness for ourselves为省略了that的宾语从句, 作及物动词know的宾语; 否定词little置于句首, 构成部分倒装, 需将助动词did放到主语I的前面。
阅读理解专练(八)
(限时30分钟)
A
Ramen noodles have been a go-to(首选的)food for students for
decades. After all, they only take eight minutes to cook in a dorm hotpot and are easy on the budget. Holly Grounds, a recent project design graduate of Ravensbourne University, in London, used to eat a lot of ramen noodles when she studied. But it got her thinking that the packaging of a product that takes just minutes to cook and eat shouldn’t take decades or more to decompose(分解). That’s why she decided to make eatable wrappers for noodles, avoiding the need for plastic.
Grounds wanted to produce a product that the user could watch actually dissolve in the pot, unlike other bio-based films(包装膜)that are being developed. “While other bio-based alternatives to plastic claim to be compostable(可用作堆肥的), from a consumer perspective it’s not always that simple, ”she said. “Many of the emerging bio-based films only break down in an industrial composter(堆肥机)at 50 degrees Celsius, so they often end up in the wrong place without the consumer really knowing that they caused damage to the planet. ”
Now, instead of plastic packs of seasonings(调料), the dried spices and flavorings are part of a flavorless bioplastic film that wraps the noodles and keeps them fresh. The film dissolves in less than a minute when it comes into contact with boiling water, according to Grounds, and the liquid becomes the sauce for the noodles and larger ingredients like dried shrimp.
“The ingredients are blended and heated until the mixture is thick
enough. At this point, I add the spices and flavorings before pouring it into a mold to set for 24 hours, ”Grounds said. These noodle parcels are then packaged in a wax-coated paper.
With plastics taking hundreds of years to decompose and filling landfills and oceans globally, eatable packaging and single-use items are seen as the way to go. Grounds sees opportunities to use her eatable packaging for other ready meals and she wants to contribute to the global fight against single-use plastics.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。食品包装袋给食物套上精致的外衣, 却让环境为之买单。近日, 英国一大学生制作出一种可食用包装袋, 这种食品袋集包装、防腐、调味为一体, 热水冲泡后几分钟内化为汤料, 方便又环保。
1. Why does Grounds want to replace plastic wrappers with eatable ones? A. The plastic ones are not eco-friendly. B. The plastic ones do harm to our health. C. The eatable ones appeal to more consumers. D. The eatable ones save more cooking time.
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句But it got her thinking that the packaging of a product that takes just minutes to cook and eat shouldn’t take decades or more to decompose. That’s why she decided to. . . 可知, 她觉得塑料制品分解时间太长, 所以她决定为面条做一个可吃的包装, 避免了对塑料的需求。
2. What makes the bio-based films fail to be compostable in practice? A. The immature technology. B. The high cost of dissolving. C. Their special material composition. D. Their specific decomposing conditions.
【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第二段Many of the emerging bio-based films only break down in an industrial composter at 50 degrees Celsius, so they often end up in the wrong place without the consumer really knowing that they caused damage to the planet. 可知, 许多新兴的生物基薄膜只能在50摄氏度的工业堆肥机中分解, 因而实践中不能堆肥, 这是因为他们特定的溶解条件。
3. What do we know about the eatable wrapper according to Paragraph 3? A. It ensures longer preservation time. B. It requires a special cooking method. C. It ends up as the sauce for food.
D. It improves the taste and flavor of noodles.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。第三段介绍了这种无味的生物塑料包装薄膜可以与沸水接触溶解后, 这种液体就会变成一些较大食材的调味汁。
B
When a laptop or smartphone battery starts losing its power, the only options are to buy an expensive replacement, or just keep it plugged in all the time. But a woman Mya Le Thai may have found the answer to this
problem.
Thai was frustrated that the batteries for her wireless devices degraded(降级)over time, until they failed to charge fully. She did not like having to keep her laptop connected to an electrical outlet to keep it powered on. So, she decided to do something about that problem. At first, she and her team at UC Irvine thought about inventing a new battery. But as they experimented, Thai discovered something that might permit lithium-ion(锂离子)batteries to last forever.
Lithium-ion batteries power most wireless devices. Over time, the batteries lose the ability to hold a charge. Most of these batteries have a life span of about 7, 000 charging cycles before they die. One of the reasons lithium-ion batteries degrade is their use of nanowires to carry electricity. Nanowires are extremely thin. A human hair is thousands of times thicker, for example. Nanowires are extremely efficient carriers of electricity, which makes them useful in batteries.
But, Thai had a theory—the nanowires might last longer if covered with a gel(凝胶). She and her team tested this theory. “It was a long process and a lot of work, ”Thai said. The team tried many coverings for the wires. PMMA, a type of plastic, was one of them. The nanowires were coated with PMMA and cycled through charges 200, 000 times. The PMMA-coated nanowires showed no evidence of damage. The results suggest that batteries could last forever, without losing charging ability.
Thai hopes to continue her research to understand why this gel works so well and to see if any other gel could create better results and she is enjoying the publicity about her discovery. She said she never expected her research to get media coverage. “It’s kind of cool”, she said. “I’m really glad people are showing interest in my work and not just in the work itself, but also in technology and energy. ”
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述一位名叫Mya Le Thai的女士研发出可永久使用的电池的故事。
4. Why did Mya Le Thai work on lithium-ion batteries? A. She disliked the batteries for her laptop. B. Her team was assigned to invent a new battery. C. Many people thought batteries were too expensive. D. The batteries would soon lose the function to charge fully.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据文章第二段Thai was frustrated that the batteries for her wireless devices degraded over time, until they failed to charge fully. . . So, she decided to do something about that problem. 可知, Thai研究锂电池是因为她的无线设备的电池完全失去了充电功能。 5. What can we infer about nanowires? A. They last only 7, 000 charging cycles. B. They are too weak to carry electricity. C. They are not suitable to use in batteries.
D. Their thinness is a cause of batteries’ degradation.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据文章第三段One of the reasons lithium-ion batteries degrade is their use of nanowires to carry electricity. Nanowires are extremely thin. 可知, 用来输送电力的纳米线极其细, 导致了电池的降级。
6. What may be the best title for the passage? A. The Options of Batteries for Wireless Devices B. A Woman Invents a Life-long Battery C. Mya Le Thai Discovered Nanowires D. The Reasons for Batteries Degrading
【解析】选B。主旨大意题。根据文章第一段But a woman Mya Le Thai may have found the answer to this problem. 和全文内容可知, 本文主要讲述一位名叫Mya Le Thai的女士研发出可永久使用的电池。
C
More than ￡5, 500 has been raised after a plea () last Monday by a vet Dr. Scott Miller. Scott said: “I would like to say a massive thank-you to express readers from myself, from Australia and from the koalas. It’s amazing that people from across the world can see how significant the catastrophe has been. I do appreciate that people are being very supportive and reaching into their pockets. ” An area, a third of the size of Britain is estimated to have been ravaged(毁坏) since the blazes(火灾) began in September.
On Friday a state of emergency was declared in the capital Canberra,
with residents told to prepare to evacuate as fires on the outskirts (市郊) threatened to spread. A billion animals are feared to have died, including 25, 000 koalas.
Last week Scott told how he had visited his homeland, helping to save wildlife on Kangaroo Island off the coast of Adelaide. While there he rescued a mother and a baby koala who were stuck in a tree. The pair were rushed to a field hospital on the island to be treated. The mum had severe burns to her paws and was badly dehydrated(脱水的), while her baby son had an eye injury and was underweight.
Scott, who has appeared on ITV’s This Morning and BBC’s Blue Peter, said the mother is showing great signs of improvement and her wounds are starting to heal. The baby has undergone surgery to his eye and is recovering from the anesthetic (麻药) and doing well.
But he added: “The mother remains dehydrated so isn’t producing enough milk to feed the baby. At the moment they’re being housed severally but there is the hope that when the baby is a little stronger he will be able to be returned to his mother. ”
Even after they recover, the pair will probably spend their lives in an enclosure while the bush takes years to recover. Scott said: “Sadly patients are still coming in thick and fast. Each of these animals is requiring to be housed and fed, and regular medical treatment to their injuries. ” 【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文, 讲述了在澳大利亚森林大火后受伤的
考拉得到人们尤其是Dr. Scott救助的故事。 7. What can be inferred from the first two paragraphs? A. Dr. Scott donated more than ￡5, 500. B. Residents were asked to move to Canberra. C. Numerous animals might have lost their lives.
D. A large area of Britain has been badly damaged by the fire.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句 “A billion animals are feared to have died, including 25, 000 koalas. ”可知, 有十亿动物恐怕已经死了, 包括两万五千只考拉。由此可知, 大量动物可能已经失去了生命。
8. What did Dr. Scott do after returning to his homeland? A. He was rushed to the field hospital to receive treatment. B. He assisted to rescue the wildlife on Kangaroo Island. C. He hosted the ITV’S This Morning. D. He fed the underweight baby koala.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Last week Scott told how he had visited his homeland, helping to save wildlife on Kangaroo Island off the coast of Adelaide. ”可知, 上周 Scott讲述了他如何访问自己的祖国, 帮助拯救阿德莱德海岸袋鼠岛上的野生动物。
9. What does the underlined word in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A. Separately. C. Successfully.
B. Seriously. D. Sympathetically.
【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句后半部分“. . . but there is the hope that when the baby is a little stronger he will be able to be returned to his mother. ”句中表示转折关系的连词 but 可判断此处单词为“分别地, 各自地”之意, A 项符合。 10. What’s the best title of the passage? A. A big Australian fire
B. People’s generous donation C. Koalas’ recovery D. Rescuing koalas
【解析】选D。主旨大意题。通读全文并结合第三段第一句Last week Scott told how he had. . . off the coast of Adelaide. 可知, 本文作者主要介绍了在澳大利亚森林大火后受伤的考拉得到人们尤其是Dr. Scott救助的故事。
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