计算机专业英语复习题

（ ）1. Operating system first appeared during the third computer generation.

（ ）2. Unlike the other buses, the address bus always receives data from the CPU; the CPU never reads the address bus.

（ ）3. The main operations of set algebra are complementation, union and intersection. （ ）4. If an empty stack is popped, we say the stack overflows, which is normally an error. （ ）5. The CPU can be shared in a sequential manner only. （ ）6. Freeware is free software with no restriction.

（ ）7. When writing data to memory, the CPU first outputs the data onto the data bus, then outputs the address onto the address bus.

（ ）8．The FORTRAN programming language was developed during the first computer generation.

（ ）9．A stack is a dynamic set that obeys the FIFO property.

（ ）10．Two popular strategies for resource allocation are static allocation and dynamic allocation.

（ ）11．The CPU can be shared in a sequential manner only.

（ ）12. A program written in the assembly language of one microprocessor can run on a computer that has a different microprocessor.

（ ）13. Object-oriented programming(OOP) is a programming language model organized around “objects” rather than “actions” and data rather than logic.

（ ）14. FORTRAN is a particularly good language for processing numerical data, but it does not lend itself very well to organizing large programs.

（ ）15. C++ and Smalltalk are two of the more popular object-oriented programming language. 2. 词汇

Vacuum tube 真空管 general purpose 通用 transistor 晶体管 LSI（Large Scale Integrated Circuit）：大规模集成电路 VLSI(Very Large Scale Integrated Circuit）：超大规模集成电路

Mainframe 大型机 medium-sized computer 中型机 minicomputer 小型机 Microcomputer 小型机

machine language 机器语言 assembly language 汇编语言 high-level language 高级语言 Multiprogramming 多道程序设计 virtual memory 虚拟存储 time-share 分时 Batch system 批处理系统 interactive system 交互式系统 Instruction cycle 指令周期

Address bus, data bus, control bus

Internal register内部寄存器 external register 外部寄存器 flag register标志寄存器

Instruction register 指令寄存器 program counter程序计数器 combinatorial logic组合逻辑 Control signal 控制信号 instruction code指令代码 instruction pipeline指令流水线 Bidirectional 双向的 unidirectional 单向的 ALU(Arithmetic Logic Unit) 算术逻辑单元

Decimal system十进制 binary system 二进制 quinary system 五进制 duodecimal system 十二进制

Boolean algebra 布尔代数 set algebra 集合代数 empty set 空集 universal set 全集 intersection 交 complement 补 finite set 有限集 infinite set 无限集

Stack 堆栈 queue 队列 underflow 下溢 overflow 上溢 pseudocode 伪码 LIFO(Last in first out) 后进先出 FIFO(First in first out) 先进先出 Linked list 链表 doubly linked list 双向链表

Circular list 循环链表

Resource allocation 资源分配 user interface 用户接口 static resource allocation 静态资源分配 dynamic resource allocation 动态资源分配 sequential sharing 串行共享 concurrent sharing 并行共享 resource preemption 资源抢占 memory sharing 存储器共享 sequential program 顺序程序 concurrent program 并发程序 packet filtering firewall 包过滤防火墙 intrusion detection 入侵检测 open source 开放源代码的

Middleware 中间件 liteware 不具备部分性能的共享软件 shareware 共享软件 freeware 免费软件

CAD/CAM Computer Aided Design/Manufacture 计算机辅助设计/制造

Software life cycle 软件生存期 Software engineering 软件工程 System engineering and analysis 系统工程与分析 Software requirement analysis 软件需求分析 Prototype 原型 fix-it coding 纠错式编码，修改式编码

MIS/DP（Management Information System/Data Processing） 管理信息系统/数据处理 Machine language 机器语言 assembly language 汇编语言

OOPL(Object-oriented programming language) 面向对象的程序设计语言

3、选择

（ ）1．Which one below is not a characteristic that we associate with a true computer today?

A．electronic B．automatic C．stored-program D．general-purpose

（ ）1．Which one below was the first machine whose design included all the characteristics of a computer.

A．Z3 B．Mark I C．ENIAC D．EDVAC

（ ）1．Which characteristic was not belong to ENIAC?________

A．electronic B．general-purpose C．stored program D．capable of performing thousands of operations per second

（ ）1．Which one below is the world’s first computer to become operational?_____ A．EDSAC B．BINAC C．UNIVAC D．EDVAC

（ ）1．Which one below is the first computer to operate in the United State?_____ A．EDSAC B．BINAC C．UNIVAC D．EDVAC

（ ）1．Which one below is the first commercially available computer?_____ A．EDSAC B．BINAC C．UNIVAC D．EDVAC

（ ）1．The _______ was the most popular first-generation computer.

A．ENIAC B．EDSAC C．UNIVAC I D．IBM 650

（ ）1．The first minicomputer became available in 1960, and its name was_______ .

A．UNIVAC 1 B．IBM 360 C．PDP-1 D．PDP-8

（ ）1．The most popular minicomputer in third generation was_______ .

A．UNIVAC 1 B．IBM 360 C．PDP-1 D．PDP-8

（ ）1．Which one below is not a feature of modern operating systems________.

A．multiprogramming B．virtual memory C．compatibility D．time-sharing

（ ）2．When writing data to memory, the CPU first outputs the______ onto

the ____ bus, then outputs the ____ onto the _____ bus.

A．address address data data B．data data address address C．address data address data D．data address data address

（ ）2．When the CPU fetches data from memory, it first outputs the memory

___on its _____ bus, then memory outputs the _____ onto the ____ bus.

A．address address data data B．data data address address C．address data address data D．data address data address

（ ）2．The _______ bus consists of n lines, which combine to transmit one n-bit address value. -

A．address B．data C．control D．system

（ ）2．Which one below is not a register that belongs to the register section of a processor.

A．program counter B．instruction register C．flash memory D．flag register

（ ）5．Which one below is not a system provided resource?

A．files B．CPU C．memory D．printer

（ ）5．Which kind of resource can be shared in a concurrent manner?

A．memory B．printer C．data files D．CPU

（ ）5．Preemption of system resources is used by the OS to enforce __________in their use by programs.

A．efficiency B．fairness C．speed D．utilization

（ ）6．_________ enables the application software to interact with the computer.

A．Middleware B．Operating system C．System software D．Shareware （ ）6．Which one below is not a key element of software engineering?

A．methods B．designs C．tools D．procedures

（ ）7．Which one below is not the benefit og object-oriented programming?

A．inheritance B．data hiding C．reuse D．complex

4．填空

1、The characteristics that we associate with computers today are that the machine is electronic, that it has a stored program, and it is general purpose.

1、the features of modern operating systems include multiprogramming, virtual memory, and time-sharing.

2、When writing data to memory, the CPU first outputs the address onto the _________, then outputs the data onto the ___________.

2、When the CPU fetches data from memory, it first outputs the memory address on its _____________, then memory outputs the data onto the _________________. 2、The bus is a collection of individual control signals.

2、The is the procedure a microprocessor goes through to process an instruction

2、The signal is a signal on the control bus which the microprocessor asserts when it is ready to read data from memory or an I/O device.

3、The ______ of any two sets (subsets of a given set) consist of those elements that are in one of the other or in both given sets.

3、The _________of any two sets consists of those elements that are in one or the other or in both given sets; The _______of two sets consists of those elements that are in both given sets.

4、The INSERT operation on a stack is often called ________, and the DELETE operation is often called _________.

4、The INSERT operation on a queue is often called ________, and the DELETE operation is often called _________.

5、OS functions can be classified into resource allocation and related functions, and user interface functions.

5、Two popular strategies for resource allocation are: _____________________ and ______________________.

5、Two ways of resource sharing are: ____________ _____________ and ______________________.

6、Software is often divided into ____________software and ___________ software. 6、The term_________ is used to describe programming that mediates between application and system software or between two different kinds of application software.

6、_________ software controls the computer and enables it to run the __________ software and hardware.

7、Lying between machine languages and high-level languages are _assembly languages_, which are directly related to a computer’s machine language.

7、Object-oriented programming(OOP) is a programming language model organized

around “ ” rather than “actions” and rather than logic.

7、All high-level language programs must be translated into machine language so that the computer can understand it. There are two ways to do this: compile the program or the program.

5．翻译

1、A computer is an electronic device that can receive a set of instructions, or program, and then carry out this program by performing calculations on numerical data or by compiling and correlating other forms of information.

1、As more and more transistors were put on silicon chips, it eventually became possible to put an entire computer processor, called a microprocessor, on a chip.

随着越来越多的晶体管被集成到硅芯片上,将一整个计算机处理器（称为微处理器）放在一个芯片上终于成为可能。

2、The CPU decodes the instruction, and controls the execution procedure. It performs some operations internally, and supplies the address, data, and control signals needed by memory and I/O devices to execute the instruction.

CPU对指令译码并且控制整个执行过程。它执行一些内部操作，并且为存储器和I/O设备执行指令提供必要的地址、数据和控制信号。

2、This unit generates the internal control signal that cause registers to load data, increment or clear their contents, and output their contents, as well as cause the ALU to perform the correct function.

3、Given a subset of T, such as S, we may define the complement of S with respect to a universal set T to consist of precisely those elements of T which are not included in the given subset.

给定T的一个子集，例如子集S，我们可以定义一个关于全集T的S的补集。其中正好包含那些不在子集S中而在T中的元素。

3、The union of any two sets (subsets of a given set) consists of those elements that are in one or the other or in both given sets; the intersection of two sets consists of those elements that are in both given sets.

任何两个集合（已给定集合的若干子集）的并集包含了出现于这两个子集中某一个集合或同时出现于这两个集合中的所有元素；两个集合的交集包含了同时出现于这两个集合中的元素。

4、A stack is a data type whose major attributes are determined by the rules governing the insertion and deletion of its elements.

5、Static resource allocation is simple to implement, however, it could lead to suboptimal utilization because the allocation is made on the basis of perceived needs of a program, rather than its actual needs.

静态资源分配易于实现，但由于它不是从程序的实际需要出发，而是根据程序预先提出的需求来做决定，所以容易导致系统利用率下降。

6、Packaged software refers to programs prewritten by professional programmers that are

typically offered for sale on a diskette.

软件包是指那种由专业编程人员预先写好的，制作在软盘上以供销售的程序

6、Custom-made software, or custom programs, is what all software used to be. Twenty years ago organizations hired computer programmers to create all their software. The programmer custom-wrote programs to instruct the company computer to perform whatever tasks the organization wanted.

曾经所有的软件都是用户定制软件，或称用户软件。二十年前，各公司雇用编程人员编写所有的软件。编程人员根据用户的需要编写程序，指示公司的计算机执行组织想要实现的所有任务。

6、The establishment and use of sound engineering principles in order to obtain economically software that is reliable and works efficiently on real machines.

建立和使用稳妥的工程原理，以期得到一种能在实际机器上可靠而高效工作的、经济的软件。

6、The life cycle paradigm demands a systematic, sequential approach to software development that begins at the system level and progresses through analysis, design, coding, testing, and maintenance.

生命周期模型要求软件的开发从系统级设计到分析、设计、编码、测试和维护，都遵循系统的、顺序的方法。

7、One of the principal advantages of object-oriented programming techniques over procedural programming techniques is that they enable programmers to create modules that do not need to be changed when a new type of object is added.