2022年全国乙卷 英语

英语第一部分第一节

听力

(共两节,满分30分)

(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.答案是C。

1.Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?A.Havebreakfast.B.Takeawalk.C.Callhisoffice.

2.WhatwasGeorgedoinglastnight?A.Havingameeting.B.Flyinghome.

C.Workingonaproject.

3.Whydoesthemansuggestgoingtothepark?A.It'sbig.

B.It'squiet.

C.It'snew.

C.￡9.15.

4.Howdoesthewomansound?A.Annoyed.B.Pleased.C.Puzzled.5.Whereistheman'stable?A.Nearthedoor.B.Bythewindow.C.Inthecorner.第二节

(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。

6.Whatarethespeakersgoingtodotonight?A.Eatout.B.Goshopping.C.Dosports.

7.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Bossandsecretary.B.Hostessandguest.C.Husbandandwife.听第7段材料,回答第8、9题。

8.WhydoesthewomanthinkJulyisthebesttimetomove?A.Theirbusinessisslow.B.Theweatherisfavorable.C.It'seasytohirepeople.9.Howwilltheyhandlethemoving?A.Finishitallatonce.

B.Havethesalessectiongofirst.C.Doonedepartmentatatime.听第8段材料,回答第10至12题。

10.WhatdidPeterlearnfromhisgrandfather?A.Howtoappreciateartworks.B.Howtodealwithartists.C.Howtorunamuseum.

11.WhatdidPeterdoinChicago?A.Hestudiedatacollege.B.Heservedinthearmy.C.Heworkedinagallery.

12.WhoseworksdidPeterlikebest?A.Rembrandt's.B.Botticelli's.C.Rubens'.

听第9段材料,回答第13至16题。

13.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Atalibrary.C.Onatrain.

14.BywhattimedidJohnplantofinishhistermpaper?A.March.C.October.

15.WhydidJohnquithispart-timejob?A.Hehadtocatchupwithhisstudy.B.Hewasofferedabetterone.C.Hegottiredofit.

16.WhatisSusan'sattitudetoJohn'sproblem?A.Carefree.B.Understanding.C.Forgiving.

听第10段材料,回答第17至20题。

17.Whatdidthespeakerdobeforetheyear2012?A.Afitnesscoach.B.Achessplayer.C.Amarathonrunner.

18.Whywasthe2016Olympicsimportantforthespeaker?A.HewasmotivatedbyBolt.B.Hebrokeaworldrecord.C.Hewonfifthplace.

19.Whichisthehardestforthespeaker?A.Gettingoveraninjury.B.Doingstrengthtraining.C.RepresentingBotswana.

20.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?A.Hisplantogoforthegold.

B.August.

B.Inalawfirm.

B.Hisexperienceonthetrack.C.Hisloveforhishomecountry.第二部分

阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)

第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。

A

HenryRaeburn(1756-1823)TheExhibition

ThisexhibitionofsomesixtymasterpiecescelebratingthelifeandworkofScotland'sbestlovedpainter,SirHenryRaeburn,comestoLondon.Selectedfromcollectionsthroughouttheworld,itisthefirstmajorexhibitionofhisworktobeheldinoverfortyyears.LectureSeries

ScottishNationalPortrait(肖像画)Gallerypresentsaseriesoflecturesforthegeneralpublic.TheyareheldintheLectureRoom.Admissiontolecturesisfree.

AnIntroductiontoRaeburnSunday26Oct.,15.00DUNCANTHOMSON

Raeburn'sEnglishContemporariesThursday30Oct.,13.10JUDYEGERTON

CharactersandCharacterisationinRaeburn'sPortraitsThursday6Nov.,13.10NICHOLASPHILLIPSONExhibitionTimes

Monday-Saturday10.00-17.45

Sunday12.00-17.45

RaeburnandArtist'sTraininginthe18thCenturyThursday13Nov.,13.10MARTINPOSTLE

Lastadmissiontotheexhibition:17.15.Thereisnore-admission.Closed:24-26Decemberand1JanuaryAdmission

￡4.Childrenunder12yearsaccompaniedbyanadultareadmittedfree.SchoolsandColleges

Aspeciallowentrancechargeof￡2perpersonisavailabletoallinfull-timeeducation,uptoandincludingthoseatfirstdegreelevel,inorganisedgroupswithteachers.

21.WhatistherighttimeforattendingRaeburn'sEnglishContemporaries?A.Sun.26Oct.C.Thurs.6Nov.

B.Thurs.30Oct.D.Thurs.13Nov.

22.Howmuchwouldacouplewithtwochildrenunder12payforadmission?A.￡4.C.￡12.

B.￡8.D.￡16.

23.Howcanfull-timestudentsgetgroupdiscounts?A.TheyshouldgoonSundaymornings.B.Theyshouldcomefromartschools.C.Theymustbeledbyteachers.D.TheymusthaveIDcardswiththem.

B

In1916,twogirlsofwealthyfamilies,bestfriendsfromAuburn,N.Y.—DorothyWoodruffandRosamondUnderwood—traveledtoasettlementintheRockyMountainstoteachinaone-roomschoolhouse.ThegirlshadgonetoSmithCollege.Theyworeexpensiveclothes.SoforthemtomovetoElkhead,Colo.toinstructthechildrenwhoseshoeswereheldtogetherwithstringwasasurprise.TheirstayinElkheadisthesubjectofNothingDaunted:TheUnexpectedEducationofTwoSocietyGirlsintheWestbyDorothyWickenden,whoisamagazineeditorandDorothyWoodruff'sgranddaughter.

Whydidtheygothen?Well,theywantedtodosomethinguseful.Soon,however,theyrealizedwhattheyhadundertaken.

Theymovedinwithalocalfamily,theHarrisons,and,likethem,hadlittleprivacy,rarebaths,andablanketofsnowontheirquiltwhentheywokeupinthemorning.Somemornings,RosamondandDorothywouldarriveattheschoolhousetofindthechildrenweepingfromthecold.Inspring,thesnowwasreplacedbymudoverice.

InWickenden'sbook,sheexpandedonthehistoryoftheWestandalsoonfeminism,whichofcourseinfluencedthegirls'decisiontogotoElkhead.Ahair-raisingsectionconcernsthebuildingoftherailroads,whichentailed(牵涉)drillingthroughtheRockies,ofteninblindingsnowstorms.ThebookendswithRosamondandDorothy'sreturntoAuburn.

Wickendenisaverygoodstoryteller.Thesweepofthelandandthestoicism(坚忍)ofthepeoplemovehertosomebeautifulwriting.HereisapictureofDorothyWoodruff,onherhorse,lookingdownfromahilltop:\"Whenthesunslippedbehindthemountains,itshedarosyglowallaroundthem.Thenafullmoonrose.Thesnowwasmarkedonlybysmallanimals:foxes,coyotes,mice,andvaryinghares,whichturnedwhiteinthewinter.\"24.WhydidDorothyandRosamondgototheRockyMountains?A.Toteachinaschool.B.TostudyAmericanhistory.C.Towriteabook.D.Todosightseeing.

25.Whatcanwelearnaboutthegirlsfromparagraph3?A.Theyenjoyedmuchrespect.B.Theyhadaroomwithabathtub.C.Theylivedwiththelocalkids.D.Theysufferedseverehardships.

26.WhichpartofWickenden'swritingishair-raising?A.TheextremeclimateofAuburn.B.ThelivingconditionsinElkhead.C.TherailroadbuildingintheRockies.D.ThenaturalbeautyoftheWest.27.Whatisthetext?A.Anewsreport.C.Achildren'sstory.

B.Abookreview.D.Adiaryentry.

C

Canasmallgroupofdrones(无人机)guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand,atthesametime,helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtoday's\"eyesinthesky\"technologytomakingsurethatthemillionsofkilometresofrailtracksandinfrastructure(基础设施)worldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7basis.

Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints.Themoreregularlytheycanbeinspected,themorerailwaysafety,reliabilityandon-timeperformancewillbeimproved.Costswouldbecutandoperationswouldbemoreefficient(高效)acrosstheboard.

Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety.ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrews'efforts.

Byusingthelatesttechnologies,dronescouldalsostartprovidinghigher-valueservicesforrailways,detectingfaultsintherailorswitches,beforetheycancauseanysafetyproblems.Toperformthesetasks,dronesforraildon'tneedtobeflyingoverhead.Engineersarenowworkingonanewconcept:theraildronesofthefuture.Theywillbemovingonthetrackaheadof

thetrain,andprogrammedtorunautonomously.VerysmalldroneswithadvancedsensorsandAIandtravellingaheadofthetraincouldguideitlikeaco-pilot.Withtheirabilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem,sothatfast-movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.

28.Whatmakestheapplicationofdronestoraillinespossible?A.Theuseofdronesincheckingonpowerlines.B.Drones'abilitytoworkathighaltitudes.C.Thereductionofcostindesigningdrones.D.Drones'reliableperformanceinremoteareas.

29.Whatdoes\"maintenance\"underlinedinparagraph3referto?A.Personnelsafety.B.Assistancefromdrones.C.Inspectionandrepair.

D.Constructionofinfrastructure.

30.Whatfunctionisexpectedoftheraildrones?A.Toprovideearlywarning.B.Tomaketrainsrunautomatically.C.Toearnprofitsforthecrews.D.Toacceleratetransportation.

31.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.WhatFaultsCanBeDetectedwithDronesB.HowProductionofDronesCanBeExpandedC.WhatDifficultyDroneDevelopmentWillFaceD.HowDronesWillChangetheFutureofRailways

D

TheGovernment'ssugartaxonsoftdrinkshasbroughtinhalfasmuchmoneyasMinistersfirstpredicteditwouldgenerate,thefirstofficialdataonthepolicyhasshown.

FirstannouncedinApril,2016,thetaxwhichappliestosoftdrinkscontainingmorethan5gofsugarper100ml,wasintroducedtohelpreducechildhoodobesity(肥胖).Itisbelievedthattoday'schildrenandteenagersareconsumingthreetimestherecommendedlevelofsugar,puttingthematahigherriskofthedisease.

Initiallythesugartaxwasexpectedtomake￡520mayearfortheTreasury.However,dataofthefirstsixmonthsshoweditwouldmakelessthanhalfthisamount.Atpresentitisexpectedtogenerate￡240mfortheyearendinginApril2019,whichwillgotoschoolsports.

Itcomesaftermorethanhalfofsoftdrinkssoldinshopshavehadtheirsugarlevelscutbymanufacturers(制造商)sotheycanavoidpayingthetax.Drinksnowcontain45millionfewerkilosofsugarasaresultofmanufacturers'effortstoavoidthecharge,accordingtoTreasuryfigures.SinceAprildrinkscompanieshavebeenforcedtopaybetween18pand24pforeverylitreofsugarydrinktheyproduceorimport,dependingonthesugarcontent.

However,somehighsugarbrands,likeClassicCocaCola,haveacceptedthesugartaxandarerefusingtochangeforfearofupsettingconsumers.Fruitjuices,milk-baseddrinksandmostalcoholicdrinksarefreeofthetax,asaresmallcompaniesmanufacturingfewerthan1mlitresperyear.

Today'sfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,showthepositiveinfluencethesugartaxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilities(设施)andhealthiereatinginschools.Helpingthenextgenerationtohaveahealthyandactivechildhoodisofgreatimportance,andtheindustryisplayingitspart.32.Whywasthesugartaxintroduced?A.Tocollectmoneyforschools.B.Toimprovethequalityofdrinks.

C.Toprotectchildren'shealth.D.Toencourageresearchineducation.

33.Howdidsomedrinkscompaniesrespondtothesugartax?A.Theyturnedtooverseasmarkets.

B.Theyraisedthepricesoftheirproducts.C.Theycutdownontheirproduction.

D.Theyreducedtheirproducts'sugarcontent.

34.Fromwhichofthefollowingisthesugartaxcollected?A.Mostalcoholicdrinks.B.Milk-baseddrinks.C.Fruitjuices.D.ClassicCoke.

35.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheadoptionofthesugartaxpolicy?A.Itisashort-sighteddecision.B.Itisasuccessstory.C.Itbenefitsmanufacturers.D.Itupsetscustomers.第二节

(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)

根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Friendshipneedscareandattentiontokeepitingoodhealth.Herearefivewaystosustain(保持)long-distancefriendships.·Setaregulardate

Long-lastingfriendshipssharethecharacteristicthatbothsidesequallycontact(联系)andsharewithoneanother.Withbusyschedules,squeezinginphonecallscanbeachallenge.36·Moreisn'talwaysmerrier

Makesureyouhavecommunicatedwithyourfriendabouthowfrequentlyeachofyouwantstobecontactedandwhatmethodworksbestforyouboth.37havingagroupchat.·Practiseempathy(共情)

38.Thefriendwhoisremainingneedstobesensitivetoalltheadditionaltimedemandsplacedonthefriendwhohas

.Therearealternativestoconstantwrittencommunication,suchasleavingvoicemessagesor

.

moved.Theoneinthenewenvironmentshouldbesympathetictothefactthatyourfriendmayfeelabandoned.·39

Anniversariesandbirthdayscarryevenmoreweightinlong-distancefriendships.Althoughtechnologymightmakeday-to-daycommunicationpossible,extraeffortgoesalongwayonspecialdays.Simplykeepingadiarythatkeepstrackoffriends'birthdaysandotherimportantdateswillmakesurenothingslipsbyyou.·Don'trelyontechnologyalone

40,butlong-distancefriendships—evencloseones—mayrequiremoreconsciousefforttosustain.Trytoseekout

chancestorenewfriendships.Howtodoit?Justspendface-to-facetimetogetherwheneverpossible.

A.RememberimportantdatesB.Compensatebywritingletters

C.Itisalsohelpfulforyoutobeafriendshipkeeper

D.TrytofindatimethatworksforbothofyouandsticktoitE.FriendsneedtotalkabouttheirpreferredmethodsofcommunicationF.ItiseasytohaveasenseofconnectednessthroughsocialmediaG.Youmaybethefriendwholeftortheonewhowasleftbehind第三部分

语言知识运用(共两节,满分45分)

第一节(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)

阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

Youngchildrenacrosstheglobeenjoyplayinggamesofhideandseek.Forthem,there'ssomethinghighlyexcitingaboutsomeoneelse'sglanceandmakingoneselfunabletobeseen.

However,weallwitnessthatpreschoolchildrenareremarkablyhands,leavingtherestoftheirbodies

43

.

44asevidencethatchildrenarehopelessly\"egocentric\"(自我中心的)

46thatidea.

47

satdownwithanadultwhocovered

42

athiding.Theyoftencoveronlytheireyeswiththeir

41

Foralongtime,thisineffectivehidingmethodwascreatures.Butour

45researchresultsinchilddevelopmentalpsychology

Webroughtyoungchildrenaged2-4intoourMindsinDevelopmentLabatUSC.Eachherowneyesorcouldn't.Thesame

Anumberofsubjects

5348.Wethenaskedthechildifshecould5049orheartheadult.Surprisingly,childrenrepliedthatthey

51childrensaidthattheycouldn't

52toher.

happenedwhentheadultcoveredherownmouth:

ruledoutthatthechildrenmisunderstoodwhattheywerebeingasked.Theresultswereclear:Ouryoung

55

whatwasaskedofthem.Their

5856

tothequestionsreflectedtheirtrue

5957

thequestionsandknew

that\"Icanseeyouonlyifyoucanseeme,too.\"Theysimplymutual(相互的)recognitionandregard.Oursuggest

whenachild\"hides\"byputtingablanketoverherhead,itisnotaresultofegocentrism.Infact,childrenconsiderthismethod

60whenothersuseit.

B.takingB.badB.examinedB.guaranteedB.mixedB.confirmedB.childB.noseB.helpB.thingB.NowB.listenB.descriptionsB.predictedB.honestlyB.approachesB.beliefB.relatetoB.requirementsB.impressive

C.escapingC.scaredC.untouchedC.imaginedC.surprisingC.contradictedC.researcherC.handsC.reachC.actionC.SoonC.turnC.experimentsC.exploredC.vaguelyC.contributionC.identityC.insistonC.theoriesC.creative

D.directingD.quickD.imbalancedD.interpretedD.desiredD.testedD.doctorD.earsD.foolD.accidentD.OnceD.waveD.assumptionsD.ignoredD.exactlyD.sensitivityD.purposeD.makeupD.findingsD.effective

41.A.following42.A.clever43.A.exposed44.A.supported45.A.disappointing46.A.explained47.A.parent48.A.feet49.A.see50.A.event51.A.Yet52.A.speak53.A.instructions.A.comprehended55.A.partly56.A.responses57.A.ability58.A.holdback59.A.limitations60.A.tentative第二节

(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)

阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

May21stthisyearmarksthefirstInternationalTeaDay,whichwasnamedofficially61November27th,2019.Tocelebrate62onThursday.

ThechairmanoftheChinaCulturePromotionSociety63InternationalTeaDay,thebirthplaceofteaandthe

(address)theopeningceremony.\"Asamainpromoterofthe(large)tea-producingcountry,Chinahasa65

(responsible)

theUnitedNationson

festival,anumberofeventstookplaceattheChineseBusinessmanMuseuminBeijing

toworkwithothercountriestopromotethehealthydevelopmentoftheteaindustry.Itcanhelptobuildacommunitywitha66(share)futureformankind,\"hesaid.

The\"FirstInternationalTeaDayTeaRoadCooperativeInitiative\"issued(发布)attheceremonycallsforpeopleworkingintheteaindustrytocometogethertopromoteinternationalcooperation67

—TeaRoadCooperativePlan—wasalsoissuedinaccordancewiththeinitiative.

68(strengthen)theconnectionwithyoungpeople,theeventincludedanumberofpublicpromotionalactivitieson

(invite)twenty-nineteaprofessionalsfromaroundtheworldtohavethirty-sixhoursofuninterrupted

culturalexchanges.Afour-yearteapromotion

socialmedia,69livebroadcasts.

TheChineseAncientTeaMuseumwasofficiallyunveiled(揭幕)attheceremony,opening70AvenueofTruth—ASpecialExhibitionofPu'erTea.第四部分第一节

写作(共两节,满分35分)

(it)firstexhibition:The

短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线(\\)划掉。

修改:在错的词下画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。

Weallknowthatcyclingisagreatlyexercise.Adoctortellsmepeoplewholivesthelongestaredancersandcyclists.Maybeitisbecausethecombinationoffreshair,smoothmovementandexercise.Whetheryourideabicycle,youdon'tusepetrol.Sotheyarenotproducingcarbondioxideandnotcauseairpollution.Justseehowcarshavebeentakenoverourcities.Theyoftenrunathighspeeds,whatmayputourlivesindanger.Andthereweretrafficjams,too.Ourcitieswillbebetterplacesifwereplacecarswithbicycle.第二节

书面表达(满分25分)

学校英文报正在开展以LearningEnglishBeyondtheClassroom为题的讨论。请使用图表中的调查结果写一篇短文投稿,内容包括:1.学习活动状况描述;2.简单评论;3.你的建议。

注意:

1.词数100左右;

2.短文的题目和首句已为你写好。LearningEnglishBeyondtheClassroom

TherearemanythingswecandotolearnEnglishwell.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

答案与解析

第一部分1—5BCBAC21—25BBCAD41—45CBADC61.by66.shared

听力

6—10ACACA26—30CBACA46—50CBDAB62.the67.and

11—15ACCBA31—35DCDDB51—55BACAD

16—20BBCAB36—40DEGAF56—60ABCDD.largest69.inviting

65.responsibility70.its

63.addressed68.Tostrengthen

第二部分第一节

阅读理解

A

文章大意：本文介绍了关于Raeburn的艺术展及相关活动情况。21.B22.B

根据表格中的\"Raeburn'sEnglishContemporariesThursday30Oct.,13.10\"可知,这个讲座的时间是10月30日周四。

根据Admission下面的内容可知,门票是4英镑,12岁以下的孩子由一位成人陪同的话可以免门票。一对夫妇带两个12岁以下的孩子应支付

8英镑,故选B。23.C

根据SchoolsandColleges部分\"Aspeciallowentrance...inorganisedgroupswithteachers\"可知,全日制学生享受群体优惠价需要

老师带队。

B

文章大意:本文介绍了DorothyWickenden写的一部书的主要内容:两个富裕家庭长大的女孩子去落基山脉的一个村落当老师,他们住在当地人的家里,和他们一样过着艰辛的生活。24.A

根据第一段的\"In1916,twogirlsofwealthyfamilies...traveledtoasettlementintheRockyMountainstoteachinaone-

roomschoolhouse\"可知,Dorothy和Rosamond去落基山脉是为了到一所学校教学。25.D

根据第三段内容可知,他们和当地的一户人家一起生活,和他们一样,几乎没有隐私,很少洗澡,早上醒来的时候,被子上都是雪。有时候他们早

上到学校后,发现孩子们冻得直哭。春天,雪被泥取代。由此可推知,他们在那里受了很多苦。26.C

根据第四段的\"Ahair-raisingsectionconcernsthebuildingoftherailroads,whichentailed(牵涉)drillingthroughthe

Rockies,ofteninblindingsnowstorms\"可知,书中描述的惊险的部分应是在落基山脉修建铁路的过程。27.B

根据第四段中的\"InWickenden'sbook,sheexpanded\"和\"ThebookendswithRosamondandDorothy'sreturntoAuburn\"以及最后一

段的\"Wickendenisaverygoodstoryteller\"可知,本文是一篇书评,介绍名为NothingDaunted:TheUnexpectedEducationofTwoSocietyGirlsintheWest的一本书。

C

文章大意:无人机在保证铁路安全可靠的同时,还能帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元。28.A

题干问什么使无人机在铁路线路中的应用成为可能。根据文章第二段中的\"Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tension

electricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructure\"可知,无人机现在已经用来检测高压电力线路,它们可以做同样的事情来检查铁路线路以及铁路基础设施的其他重要方面。故A项正确。29.C

题干问\"maintenance\"是什么意思。根据画线词出现的语境\"节省

费用\"以及该词在下文中的语境,即第三段第二句\"Itis

calculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure\"(据计算,单是欧洲铁路一年就要在维护上面花费约200亿欧元,其中包括常常在夜里派遣维护员工去检查和修复铁路基础设施)可知,铁路\"maintenance\"包括检查和修复铁路基础设施。故C项正确。30.A

题干问的是期待铁路无人机有什么样的功能。根据文章最后一段最后一句\"Withtheirabilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalany

problem,sothatfast-movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime\"(因为能提前看到,无人机可以感知到任何问题,这样快速前进的列车就可以及时作出反应)可知,期待铁路无人机具有的功能是提前发现问题,并给列车发出警告。故A项正确。31.D

题干问的是本文最佳标题是什么。第一段是导入,综述无人机在铁路运营方面的应用前景;第二段主要讲述无人机在铁路运营中的部分功能和

作用;第三段主要讲了无人机在降低铁路维护成本和维护铁路职员人身安全方面的作用;第四段讲无人机还能为铁路运营做的事情。由此可知本篇文章主要讲的是无人机将如何改变铁路的未来。故D项正确。

D

文章大意:本文介绍了英国通过对部分软饮料征收含糖税来降低儿童肥胖率,并直接将税收用于改进学校体育设施和保证更健康的饮食。32.C

根据第二段中的\"FirstannouncedinApril,2016,thetaxwhichappliestosoftdrinkscontainingmorethan5gofsugarper

100ml,wasintroducedtohelpreducechildhoodobesity(肥胖)\"可知,征收含糖税是为了保护孩子的健康。33.D

根据第四段中的\"Itcomesaftermorethanhalfofsoftdrinkssoldinshopshavehadtheirsugarlevelscutby

manufacturers(制造商)sotheycanavoidpayingthetax\"可知,一些饮料制造商为避税,降低了所生产饮料的含糖量。34.D

根据第五段中的\"However,somehighsugarbrands,likeClassicCocaCola\"以及\"Fruitjuices,milk-baseddrinksandmost

alcoholicdrinksarefreeofthetax\"可知,果汁饮料、奶制品饮料、大部分含酒精饮料是免征含糖税的,而可口可乐公司是一些高含糖量饮料的生产商,由此推断出ClassicCoke是需要缴税的。35.B第二节

文章大意:本文介绍了维持长距离友谊的五种方法。36.D

空前提到双方忙碌,可能会难以找到时间打电话。根据该段小标题\"Setaregulardate\"可知,此段主要建议朋友间设定一个固定时间来联系,根据最后一段首句可以推测出含糖税的征收是一个成功的案例。

对应选项D中的\"Trytofindatimethatworksforbothofyou\D。37.E

根据空前的\"Makesureyouhavecommunicated...foryouboth\"以及空后的\"Thereare...agroupchat\"可知,空处内容应与交流方式相

关。空前的\"whatmethodworksbestforyouboth\"与选项E中的\"theirpreferredmethodsofcommunication\"对应,故选E。38.G

该段中的\"Thefriendwhoisremaining\"\"thefriendwhohasmoved\"分别对应选项G中的\"theonewhowasleftbehind\"\"thefriend

wholeft\G。39.A

根据语境和常识可知,\"Anniversariesandbirthdays\"均为重要的日子,再结合该段中的\"keepstrackoffriends'birthdaysandother

importantdates\"可知选A。40.F

空后\"long-distancefriendships—evencloseones—mayrequiremoreconsciousefforttosustain\"表示\"长距离友谊,即使是亲

密的朋友之间,也可能需要更有意识的努力来维持\but可知,空处内容应与空后内容形成转折,F项\"通过社交媒体获得联系感是很容易的\"符合语境。第三部分语言知识运用第一节

文章大意:人们常常认为学龄前儿童很不擅长玩捉迷藏,因为他们常常只把自己的眼睛遮上,而身体的其他部位却暴露在外。很长时间以来,人们把孩子们的这一行为解释为\"以自我为中心\"。但最近在儿童发展心理学方面令人惊讶的研究结果反驳了那个观点。实验证明,孩子们之所以有如此行为,是因为他们认为\"只有你也能看到我,我才能看到你\41.C42.B

根据下文中的\"makingoneselfunabletobeseen\"可推断,避开(escaping)别人的目光,使自己不被人看见,这是一件非常令人兴奋的事情。根据下文中的\"Theyoftencoveronlytheireyeswiththeirhands,leavingtherestoftheirbodies

43

\"可知,他们常常只是用

手遮住自己的眼睛,把身体其他部位暴露在外,由此可推断,他们不擅长隐藏。43.A44.D象\"。45.C46.C47.B48.D49.A50.B51.B52.A53.C

根据语境可知,我们在儿童发展心理学方面令人惊奇的(surprising)研究发现反驳(contradicted)了那个观点。参见上题解析。explain\"解释\";confirm\"证实\";test\"测试\"。

由上句中的\"children\"可知,此处是指每个孩子(child)都与一名成人坐在一起。由下句中的\"hear\"可推断出此空填\"ears\"。由上句中的\"eyes\"可推断出此空填\"see\"。

根据语境可知,当成年人捂住自己的嘴时,同样的事情(thing)发生了。这么一来(Now),孩子们说他们不能和她说话。由上文的\"mouth\"可推断出此空填\"speak\"。

根据语境可知,许多实验(experiments)排除了孩子们误解了他们被问到的问题这种可能性。instructions\"指示,命令,用法说明\";参见上题解析。

这种无效的隐藏方法被认为(interpreted)是儿童是一种完全\"以自我为中心\"的生物的证据。support\"支持\";guarantee\"保证\";imagine\"想

description\"描述\";assumption\"假设\"。.A

孩子们理解(comprehended)这些问题,并且确切地(exactly)知道他们被问到了什么。predict\"预言\";explore\"探索\";ignore\"忽视\"。

55.D56.A

参见上题解析。partly\"部分地\";honestly\"诚实地\";vaguely\"含糊地\"。

根据语境可知,他们对这些问题的回答(responses)反映了他们真实的看法(belief):\"只有你也能看到我,我才能看到你。\"approach\"方法

\";contribution\"贡献\";sensitivity\"体贴,敏感\"。57.B58.C59.D

参见上题解析。ability\"能力\";identity\"身份\";purpose\"目的\"。

根据语境可知,他们只是坚持(insiston)相互的承认和尊重。holdback\"隐瞒,阻止\";makeup\"构成,编造,补足(某数量)\"。

根据语境可知,我们的研究发现(findings)表明,当孩子在头上盖一条毯子\"隐藏\"时,这并不是自我中心主义的结果。limitation\"

\";requirement\"必备条件\";theory\"理论\"。60.D

根据语境可知,事实上,当其他人使用这种方法时,孩子们认为它是有效的(effective)。tentative\"不确定的\";impressive\"令人赞叹的,给

人印象深刻的\";creative\"创造(性)的\"。第二节

文章大意:本文主要介绍了周四在北京晋商博物馆举办的一系列庆祝由联合国设立的首个\"国际茶日\"的活动。61.by62.the

此处从句中谓语动词的被动语态结构为wasnamedby...\"由……命名\"。

此处指上文提到过的\"thefirstInternationalTeaDay\

根据上文中的\"tookplace\"可知,时态应一致;address\"对……发表演说\"与主语\"chairman\"构成主动关系。故填addressed。\"tea-producingcountry\"前应用形容词修饰,提示词为形容词,且空前有定冠词\"the\

根据空前的不定冠词\"a\"可知,此处填名词\"responsibility\"。

63.addressed.largest

65.responsibility66.shared

根据空前的\"a\"和空后的名词\"future\"可知,此处应用形容词,share与future为逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词形式的形容词

shared\"共同的\"。67.and

根据句意可知,此处意为\"促进国际合作与文化交流\and。

根据句意并分析句子结构可知,空处应用不定式表示目的。

68.Tostrengthen69.inviting70.its

本句已有谓语动词\"included\event\"之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,故空处用提示词\"invite\"的现在分词形式作状语。

\"firstexhibition\"前应用所给词的形容词性物主代词形式,故填its。写作

第四部分第一节

Weallknowthatcyclingisagreatlyexercise.Adoctortellsmepeoplewholivesthelongestaredancersandcyclists.

great

live

Maybeitisbecause∧thecombinationoffreshair,smoothmovementandexercise.Whetheryourideabicycle,youdon'tuse

of

If/When

petrol.Sotheyarenotproducingcarbondioxideandnotcauseairpollution.Justseehowcarshavebeentakenoverourcities.

you

causing

Theyoftenrunathighspeeds,whatmayputourlivesindanger.Andthereweretrafficjams,too.Ourcitieswillbebetter

which

placesifwereplacecarswithbicycle.bicycles

第二节

LearningEnglishBeyondtheClassroom

TherearemanythingswecandotolearnEnglishwell.Asthechartshows,studentsadoptdifferentwaystolearnEnglishbeyondtheclassroom.

①ThepercentofthestudentswholistentoEnglishsongsisashighas65%.50%ofthemwatchEnglishmovieswhileonly18%readEnglishbooks.ThosewhovisitEnglish-learningwebsitesaccountfor12%.

ThefiguresofthechartsuggestthatthereareavarietyofwaystolearnEnglishbeyondtheclassroomwiththedevelopmentofmoderntechnology.StudentscanchoosewhattheyliketoenrichtheirEnglish-learningexperiences.

AsfarasIamconcerned,studentsshoulddomorelisteningandspeakingsothattheycandeveloptheircommunicationskills.

are