大学英语四级模拟试卷580(题后含答案及解析)

大学英语四级模拟试卷580 (题后含答案及解析)

题型有：1. Writing 2. Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) 3. Listening Comprehension 4. Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) 5. Cloze 8. Translation

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

1． For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay about Cross-Campus Selective Courses. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese: 1．上图所示为2002年和2005年某高校学生跨校选修课的情况，请描述其变化 2．请说明发生变化的原因 3．你认为目前高校学生跨校选修课还有哪些困难和问题

正确答案： Cross-Campus Selective Courses 【1】As is shown in the table that 【2】the number of students choosing cross-campus selective courses has experienced a sharp rise 【3】during the four-year period from 2002 to 2005. 【4】Students selecting Law, Finance and Business Administration doubled, with the number of students choosing Japanese enjoying a minor increase from 14 to 23. 【5】Two reasons could account for it. 【6】Firstly, university students are increasingly aware to add to their competitive advantages. 【7】Secondly, with the job market growing tighter, more students choose some utilitarian courses so as to meet the demands of social development. 【8】However, there are problems in this aspect. 【9】For one thing, there is a long distance between the universities offering selective courses and the 【10】Alma Mater. 【11】 The tiring journey lays a heavy burden on students’ body, thus affects our study. 【12】For another, the selective courses are always in the form of lectures, 【13】which will hardly develop students’ practical abilities.

解析： 【1】图表描述要点1：描述趋势，引入时间段。 【4】图表描述要点2：引人数据，用with引导的主格结构进行对比说明，结构紧凑明了。 【5】用account for引出具体原因。 【6】【7】Firstly和Secondly的运用，使层次清晰。 【8】用However笔锋一转，开始论述相关问题。 【9】【12】For one thing和For another体现层次。 【10】Alma Mater表示母校，是语言运用上的亮点.

Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark：Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN)if the information is not given in the passage.

You Are What You Think Do you see the glass as half-full rather than

half-empty? Do you keep your eye upon the dough-nut(油炸圈饼), not upon the hole? Suddenly these cliches(陈词滥调)are scientific questions, as researchers scrutinize the power of positive thinking. A fast-growing body of research—104 studies so far, involving some 15,000 people—is proving that optimism can help you to be happier, healthier and more successful. Pessimism leads, by contrast, to hopelessness, sickness and failure, and is linked to depression, loneliness and painful shyness. “If we could teach people to think more positively,” says psychologist Craig A. Anderson of Rice University in Houston, “it would be like inoculating(接种)them against these mental ills.” 1. Influence on their abilities “Your abilities count,” explains psychologist Michael F. Scheier of Carnegie-Mellon University in Pittsburgh, “but the belief that you can succeed affects whether or not you will.” In part, that’s because optimists and pessimists deal with the same challenges and disappointments in very different ways. Take, for example, your job. In a major study, psychologist Martin E.P. Seligman of the University of Pennsylvania and colleague Peter Schulman surveyed sales representatives at the Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. They found that the positive thinkers among long-time representatives, sold 37 percent more insurance than did the negative thinkers. Of newly hired representatives, optimists sold 20 percent more. Impressed, the company hired 100 people who had failed the standard industry test but had scored high on optimism. These people who might never have been hired, sold 10 percent more insurance than did the average representatives. How did they do it? The secret to an optimist’s success, according to Seligman, is in his “explanatory style”. When things go wrong the pessimist tends to blame himself. “I’m no good at this,” he says, “I always fail.” The optimist looks for other explanations. He blames the weather, the phone connection, even the other person. That customer was in a bad mood, he thinks. When things go right, the optimist takes credit while the pessimist thinks success is due to luck. Negative or positive, it was a self-fulfilling prophecy(预言能力). “If people feel hopeless,” says Anderson, “they don’t bother to acquire the skills they need to succeed.” A sense of control, according to Anderson, is the real test for success. The optimist feels in control of his own life. If things are going badly, he acts quickly, looking for solutions, forming a new plan of action, and reaching out for advice. The pessimist feels like a toy of fate and moves slowly. He doesn’t seek advice, since he assumes nothing can be done. 2. Influence on their health Optimists may think they are better than the facts would justify—and sometimes that’s what keeps them from getting sick. In a long-term study, researchers examined the health histories of a group of Harvard graduates, all of whom were in the top half of their class and in fine physical conditions. Yet some were positive thinkers, and some negative. 20 years later, there were more middle-age diseases among the pessimists than the optimists. Many studies suggest that the pessimists’ feeling of helplessness undermines the body’s natural defenses, the immune system. Dr. Christopher Peterson of the University of Michigan has found that the pessimist doesn’t take good care of himself. Feeling passive and unable to avoid life’s blows, he expects ill health and other misfortunes, no matter what he does. He eats unhealthy food, avoids exercise, ignores the doctor, has another drink. 3. What underlines pessimism and optimism?

Most people are a mix of optimism and pessimism, but are inclined in one direction or the other. It is a pattern of thinking learned from early childhood, says Seligman. It grows out of thousands of cautions or encouragement, negative statements or positive ones. Too many “don’ts” and warnings of danger can make a child feel incompetent, fearful—and pessimistic. As they grow, children experience small triumphs, such as learning to tie shoelaces(鞋带). Parents can help turn these successes into a sense of control, and that breeds optimism. 4. Changing from a pessimist to an optimist Pessimism is a hard habit to break—but it can be done. In a series of studies, Dr. Carol Dweek of the University of Illinois has been working with children in the early grades of school. As she helps students to change the explanations for their failures—from “I must be dumb” to “I didn’t study hard enough”, their academic performance improves. So, if you’re a pessimist, there’s reason for optimism. You can change. Here’s how, says Steve Hollon, a psychologist at Vanderbilt University: 1. Pay careful attention to your thoughts when bad things happen. Write down the first thing that comes to mind, without any changes or corrections. 2. Now try an experiment. Do something that’s contrary to any negative reactions. Let’s say something has gone wrong at work. Do you think, I hate my job, but I could never get a better one? Act as if that weren’t so. Send out resumes. Go to interviews. Look into training and check job information. 3. Keep track of what happens. Were your first thoughts right or wrong? “If your thoughts are holding you back, change them,” says Hollon. “It’s trial and error, no guarantees, but give yourself a chance.” Positive thinking leads to positive action—and reaction. What you expect from the world, the evidence suggests, is what you’re likely to get.

2． The passage summarizes the positive effects of optimism. A．Y B．N C．NG

正确答案：B

解析：此题显然是归纳综合题。这类题如前所述，一般在第1、2段或最后一段能找到主题句。对比分析题目和原文，可以看出原文不但谈到乐观主义的有利影响，而且论述了悲观主义的不利影响。而题目却说“文章总结了乐观主义的有利影响”，以偏概全，所以答案为N。

3． Optimists and pessimists differ in their focus when they look at the same thing.

A．Y B．N C．NG

正确答案：A 解析：对比分析题目和原文，可以看出题目和原文用词不一样，但意思一致，

所以答案是Y。

4． Optimists do not blame themselves when things go wrong. A．Y B．N C．NG

正确答案：A

解析：原文说“当出现差错时，悲观者往往责备自己……乐观者则寻求别的原因。他会抱怨天气、电话不通、甚至是其他人……”；题目为“乐观主义者在出了差错时并不责备自己”，二者意思一致，由此可见，答案为Y。

5． Pessimism weakens mental ability as well as physical health. A．Y B．N C．NG

正确答案：C 解析：此部分第2段讨论了悲观主义对健康的影响，其第1句提到会破坏人体的免疫力，即影响physical health，而题目增加了mental ability这个无关信息，所以答案为NG。

6． Most people are half optimists and half pessimists. A．Y B．N C．NG

正确答案：B

解析：通过对比可以看出题目和原文的后半句不符，所以答案为N。

7． Parents play very important roles in the shaping of children’s characters. A．Y B．N C．NG

正确答案：A

解析：题目是对这两段内容的很好的概括，所以答案为Y。

8． Every pessimist can overcome pessimism. A．Y B．N C．NG

正确答案：C

解析：原文说“悲观的习惯很难改掉，但还是可以的”，至于每个悲观主义者是否都能克服这一点，文章并没有提到；而题目说“每一个悲观者都能克服悲观主义”。据此，可以判断答案为NG。

9． According to Seligman, the secret to an optimist’s success is in ______.

正确答案：his“explanatory style”

解析：空白处应该是名词、动名词或代词，作介词in的宾语。对比分析二者，可知答案为his“explanatory style”。

10． Anderson believes that the real test for success is a ______.

正确答案：sense of control

解析：空白处应该是名词或名词短语，对比分析二者，可知答案为sense of control。

11． If you want to change yourself from a pessimist into an optimist, the first thing you should do is ______ to your thoughts when bad things happen.

正确答案：pay careful attention

解析：空白处前面有do，所以应该填人不带to的动词不定式短语。对照原文，可以判断答案是pay careful attention。

Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)

Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer.

听力原文：M：How do you find your ballet lessons?W：They are well worth the time and trouble! My teacher says I’m making progress．Q：What does the woman think of her ballet lessons?

12．

A．They are very rewarding. B．They are too time-consuming. C．They are not helpful at all. D．They are too troublesome.

正确答案：A

解析：题目询问女士觉得芭蕾舞课程如何。女士说“非常值得花费时间和工夫”“我正在进步”，所以可判断选项A(是值得的)正确。

听力原文：W：I haven’t seen you around for such a long time! Have you been on holiday by the Great Lakes?M：No，I have had a couple of negotiations．One in Yorkshire and the other in Milan．Q：Where has the man been?

13．

A．On holiday. B．On business. C．The great lakes. D．In the office.

正确答案：B

解析：题目询问男士去了哪里。关键是听到negotiations一词，就可以判断选项B(出差)是正确的。

听力原文：M：Here’s the annual report about our sales volume．W：Thank you! But I wonder whether these statistical figures are correct．Q：What does the woman really mean?

14．

A．The figures are not as accurate as she expects. B．The sales of the year are satisfactory. C．The figures are probably not accurate. D．The sales of the year are unsatisfactory.

正确答案：C

解析：题目询问女士的本意是什么。听到女士说“但是我不知道这些统计数字是否准确”，可判断选项C(数字很有可能不准确)正确。

听力原文：W：Have you decided when you ale going to get engaged?M：I wish it could be in May．But it’s all up to April to decide．I guess we have to wait until she graduates in July．Q：When will the man be engaged?

15．

A．In April. B．In May. C．In July.

D．Not decided yet.

正确答案：D

解析：题目询问男士什么时候订婚。关键是听到男士说”全由April决定”和“我想我们要等她7月份毕业了”，可判断选项D(还没决定)正确。

听力原文：W：What a terrible thing! The crazy man picked up a large stone and threw it at the store window．There was glass everywhere．M：I hope no one was hurt．Q：What is the man concerned about?

16．

A．The loss of the store.

B．The possible harm to the people nearby. C．The punishment to the crazy man. D．The reason for the crazy action.

正确答案：B

解析：题目询问男士关心的是什么。男士说“我希望没有人受伤”，可判断选项B(对附近人员可能造成的伤害)正确。

听力原文：M：What do you think of biology?W：It’s given me a hard time，though it is not as difficult as math．Q：What Can we learn about the woman from this conversation?

17．

A．She is going to give up biology.

B．She spends half of her time on biology. C．To her, biology is difficult, but math is not.

D．To her, math is even more difficult than biology.

正确答案：D

解析：题目询问对话中女士的信息。女士说“它还没有数学那么难”，可判断选项D(对她而言，数学比生物更难)正确。

听力原文：W：Were you caught in the rain last night?M：No，I was already safe inside the house．Q：What happened last night?

18．

A．It rained for a short while. B．There was a’ car accident. C．There was a fire. D．It snowed heavily.

正确答案：A

解析：题目询问昨晚发生了什么。关键是听到“淋雨”，可判断选项A(下了一会儿雨)正确。

听力原文：W：It’s so chilly and we have to wait for Bill．He always comes late．M：He used to，but this evening，he won’t.Q：What does the man think bf Bill?

19．

A．Bill is a punctual person.

B．Bill will come on time tonight. C．Bill will be late as usual. D．Bill won’t come at all.

正确答案：B

解析：题目询问男士觉得Bill怎样。关键是听到男士说“但今晚他不会”，可判断选项B(Bill今晚会按时到场)正确。

听力原文：M: Hi, Janet. Where were you at lunchtime? I was saving a seat for you in the cafeteria.W: Oh! Sorry to miss you. But my thirst for knowledge was greater than my pains of hunger!M. I’ve never had that problem. So where were you?W: My political science class ran overtime.M: That’s been happening quite a bit lately, hasn’t it?W: I guess so. Actually what happens is that a bunch of us hang around for a while after class to talk with our professor and ask him questions.M: Who is this twentieth-century Socrates?W: Professor Hall. Have you heard of him?M: Hm, he does have a good reputation in the Political Science Department.W: And a well-deserved one! The same students who fall asleep in discussion groups and seminars fight for front-row seats in his lectures.M: Oh, no! I hope this isn’t catching!W: You can joke. But it’s great to have a professor who’s not only interesting, but also prepared to give up time for students.M: I know. They’re rare sort. Maybe I should sit in on his class sometime. Do you think he’d care?W: Not at all. Lots of students bring their friends, and he says he feels pleased.M: Well, just to be safe, I think I’U bring my lunch along as well.W: I’ll make a good student of you yet.

20．

A．Giving a lecture.

B．Discussing political science. C．Working on a science problem.

D．Reading twentieth-century literature.

正确答案：B

21．

A．Telling jokes.

B．Falling asleep during class. C．Staying late after class. D．Eating in the cafeteria.

正确答案：C

22．

A．They complete all their assignments. B．They study hard for his tests.

C．They compete for the best seats in the class. D．They read all his books.

正确答案：C

听力原文：W: [19] Hey Neal, now that the midterms are over, a bunch of us are getting away for the weekend to go canoeing. Do you want to come along?M: Well,

urn, it’d be great to get away, but I’ve never done it before.W: None of the others have either except for me. I went once last fall. But there’ll be an instructor in each canoe the first day.M: I don’t know.W: Oh, come on. This is our last chance to take a break before finals. The scenery is beautiful, and if it gets too hot we can dive in whenever we feel like it. The river’s really calm this time of the year, no rapids to deal with.M: That’s a relief. What would I have to bring?W: Let’s see. Tom’s bringing food for the Friday night cookout for everyone. And the people who run the trip have tents set up and they supply food and drinks for all day Saturday. On the way back Sunday morning we’ll stop somewhere for breakfast. So, [20] you have to bring a bathing suit and a sleeping bag.M: [21] Well, I do love camping and sleeping out. Where is this place?W: Well, it’s about an hour and a half to the place where we meet the trip leaders. We leave our car there and they drive us and the canoes upriver to the place where we start canoeing.M: And who’s driving us to the meeting place?W: Well, I was hoping we could take your car. Mine’s in the shop again.M: Oh, I see. It’s not me you want; it’s my car.W: Don’t be silly. So what would you say?M: Oh, why not!W: [22] Great! I’ll give you a call when I find out when everyone wants to leave on Friday.

23．

A．To convince him to go on a canoe trip. B．To invite him to a cookout.

C．To ask if she can borrow his car. D．To tell him about a trip she took.

正确答案：A

解析：主旨题。四个选项都是表示动作的不定式短语，问题很可能是要做什么或目的是什么。对话第1句女士就提到要去划船，由此可判定选项A正确的。

24．

A．A lunch.

B．A sleeping bag. C．A canoe. D．A tent.

正确答案：B

解析：细节题。四个选项都是名词，且都跟外出游玩有关。对话中谈到要自带换洗的衣服和睡袋，因此选项B正确。

25．

A．Swimming. B．Driving.

C．Sleeping outdoors. D．Canoeing.

正确答案：C

解析：细节题。四个选项都是关于活动名称的名词。对话中女士交待完男士要带的东西，男士说道“我喜欢露营和睡在外面”，所以答案为C。

26．

A．To find out whether he wants to go canoeing. B．To tell him whether her car is repaired.

C．To find out what kind of food he is bringing. D．To tell him what time they are leaving.

正确答案：D

解析：细节题。四个选项都是表示动作的不定式短语，根据内容可猜出问的是做某事的目的。对话最后女士提到“我知道他们星期五什么时候出发就打电话给你”，所以选项D正确。

Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.

听力原文： Spaceships travel around the earth, go to the moon, and return home safely. The astronauts carry important supplies with them on the spaceship -- food, water, and air. Sometimes there are problems on the spaceship, and the astronauts have to understand how the spaceship works in order to repair the problems. In a way, all of us are really on a spaceship, the planet Earth. We move around the sun at 18 miles per second and never stop. On our spaceship we have four billion people and a limited supply of air, water, and land. These sup- plies, just like the limited supplies on the astronauts’ spaceship, have to be used carefully because we can’t buy new air, water, or land from anywhere else. Everyone needs air, water, and land to live -- this is our environment. The environment on our planet is a closed system; nothing new is ever added. Nature recycles its resources. Water, for example, evaporates and rises to form clouds. This same water returns to the earth as rain or snow. The rain that falls today is actually tile same water that fell on the dinosaurs 70 million years ago. Over the years, people have changed the environment. We have poured back into the land, air, and water more wastes than nature can clean. So we have pollution today. To continue to survive, we must learn how to use the Earth’s resources wisely; without destroying them. To save the spaceship Earth, we must cooperate with nature and learn better ways to use, not abuse, our environment.

27．

A．Space Travel.

B．Problems of Astronauts. C．Water Pollution.

D．The Spaceship Earth.

正确答案：D

28．

A．The present population on earth is fourteen billion. B．Water is recycled every seventy million years.

C．The planet earth travels around the sun at 18 miles per second. D．The earth is compared to a spaceship because they both travel around the sun.

正确答案：C

29．

A．Someday human beings will be able to live on a spaceship. B．Space travel will cause pollution to other planets.

C．Man must stop abusing the environment in order to have a better future.

D．The spaceship Earth can not make a trip to the moon when its supplies are used up.

正确答案：C

听力原文： People still celebrate ancient festivals in different parts of Europe with folk dances and processions, even though in many cases those who take part and put on special costumes are no longer sure what the dances represent. Almost all of them are associated with seasonal procedures that have been adapted to the Christian calendar. There are two main types found in a number of countries. The first, combat dances normally take place in winter or early spring and celebrate the battle between the old year and the new. In Austria, for example, at celebration time, people wear masks and dress up as ghosts and witches, and there are processions of men and women with drums and whips. The other main group of dances takes place in early summer, especially at Whit sun or on May Day. In England, there are dances of men in some villages. Groups of trained dancers, dressed in white, dance with bolls on their legs and bodies. They leap in processions in double files, waving white handkerchiefs or green branches. In some places, there are men with animal masks or a Jack-in-the-Green, a man dressed in leaves who stands for the new vegetation of the summer.

30．

A．The birthday of some ancient people. B．The birthday of Jesus Christ. C．Ancient festivals. D．Some modem days.

正确答案：C

31．

A．There are only two types of dances in Europe to celebrate the festivals.

B．Combat dances are usually held to celebrate the battle between the old year

and the new.

C．Australia is a country where there are ghosts and witches.

D．The two main types of dances lake place either in winter or in summer.

正确答案：B

32．

A．He is a famous man in England. B．He is a man wearing animal mask. C．He is a professional dancer.

D．He is a man in green leaves representing the new vegetation of the summer.

正确答案：D

听力原文： When John Weston awoke that morning, he remembered that his mother was going into hospital. He hadn’t worked out quite what was wrong with her. He knew, though, that she hadn’t been well for some time now, and it had become almost familiar to him to see her eyes narrowed in a sudden attack of pain, and her hand pressing against her heart. Their own doctor, who she had finally gone to for advice, had sent her to a specialist who knew all about these things. He had told her that just as soon as there was a bed for her, she would have to come into his hospital, where he could look after her himself. During the weeks since then the pains had come even more frequently, and the narrowed eyes became an almost permanent part of her expression. Always rather sharp, she began losing her temper over little things so that John’s father kept his thoughts to himself more and more. John, as ready as possible to make allowances, tried to think what it would be like to have toothache all the time and how bad-tempered that would make him.

33．

A．As soon as she realized that something was wrong. B．Only when her husband advised her to. C．A long time after the trouble began.

D．When John asked what was wrong with her.

正确答案：C

34．

A．To get an expert to examine her. B．To send her to hospital. C．To treat her himself.

D．To advise her to wait for a few weeks.

正确答案：A

35．

A．He became bad-tempered, too.

B．He spent less and less time at home. C．He lost his temper more often with John. D．He became more and more quiet.

正确答案：D

36．

A．He tried to imagine himself in her place. B．He tried not to notice it.

C．He pretended he had toothache.

D．He behaved himself as well as possible.

正确答案：A

Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the

One of the most popular myths about the United States in the 19th century was that of the free and simple life of the farmer. It was said that farmers were tied to their own【B1】______to produce what-ever their families needed. They might sometimes【B2】______with neighbours, but in general, they could get along just fine by relying on themselves, not on【B3】______ties with others. This is how Thomas Jefferson【B4】______the farmer at the beginning of the 19th century, and at that time this may have been close to the truth,【B5】______on the frontier. But by the mid-century, sweeping changes in【B6】______were well under way as farmers began to【B7】______in the raising of crops such as cotton or corn or wheat. By late in the century,【B8】______advances in farm machinery had vastly increased production of specialized crops, and【B9】______.By raising and selling specialized crops, farmers could afford more and finer goods, and achieve a much higher standard of living, but at a price.【B10】______.Their lives were increasingly controlled by banks, which had power to grant or deny loans for new machinery and by the railroads, which set the rates for shipping their crops to market.【B11】______, for example, the price of wheat in Kansas. And so, by the end of 19th century, the era of Jefferson’s independent farmer had come to a close.

37． 【B1】

正确答案：executive

38． 【B2】

正确答案：announced

39． 【B3】

正确答案：applicants

40． 【B4】

正确答案：citizen

41． 【B5】

正确答案：assistant

42． 【B6】

正确答案：resigned

43． 【B7】

正确答案：charge

44． 【B8】

正确答案：commander

45． 【B9】

正确答案：Mrs. Bush has signaled her intention to do more entertaining than in the first term

46． 【B10】

正确答案：asking them to prepare test meals at special functions and private meals at the residence

47． 【B11】

正确答案：The head chef is responsible for designing and executing menus for state dinners, social events, and receptions hosted by President

Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)

Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Andrew Carnegie, known as the King of Steel, built the steel industry in the United States, and, in the process, became one of the wealthiest men in America. His success resulted in part from his ability to sell the product and in part from his policy of expanding during periods of【S1】______declines, when most of his competitors were reducing their investments. Carnegie believed that【S2】______should progress through hard work, but he also felt【S3】______that the wealthy should use their fortunes for the benefit of society. He opposed charity, preferring instead to provide【S4】______opportunities that would allow others to help themselves. “He who dies rich, dies disgraced,” he often said. Among his more【S5】______contributions to society are those that bear his name, including the Carnegie Institute of Pittsburgh, which has a library, a museum of fine arts, and a museum of national history. He also【S6】______a school of technology that is now part of Carnegie-Mellon University. Other charitable gifts are the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace to【S7】______understanding between nations, the Carnegie Institute of Washington to fund scientific research, and Carnegie Hall to provide a【S8】______for the arts. Few Americans have been left untouched by Andrew Carnegie’s【S9】______His contributions of more than five million dollars established 2,500 libraries in small communities throughout the country and formed the nucleus

of the public library system that we all【S10】______today.A)remarkable I)economicB)strongly J)enjoyC)promote K)educationalD)founded L)createdE)caused M)individualsF)sponsor N)comfortablyG)disagreed O)centerH)generosity

48． 【S1】

正确答案：I

解析：declines是名词，所以该空应填一个形容词来修饰名词。由该句后的定语从句：大部分的竞争者减少投资，可推测他的扩张应该是在经济萧条时。所以选economic。

49． 【S2】

正确答案：M

解析：believed后应接宾语从句，should是情态动词，前面应加名词作主语，所以该空应选一个名词。由其后的hard work，和the wealthy(指富人)，可知该空需填一个与人有关的词，所以选individuals，该词意思为“个人”。

50． 【S3】

正确答案：B

解析：feel后面已接宾语从句，所以该空应填一个副词修饰动词。由that从句的意思：富人应用他们的财产来为社会服务，和also表示进一步说明，可推测是强烈地感到，所以填strongly。

51． 【S4】

正确答案：K

解析：opportunities是名词，所以该空应填一个形容词来修饰名词。该句说他反对慈善事业，而在第三段又提到他投资建了学校，图书馆等与教育有关的事业，所以可推测他为别人提供的是教育机会，应选 educational。

52． 【S5】

正确答案：A

解析：contributions是名词，所以该空应填一个形容词来修饰名词。bear his name意思是“使人声名远扬”，能让人声名远扬的贡献一定是显著的contributions，所以选remarkable。

53． 【S6】

正确答案：D

解析：该句缺少谓语动词，由上文可知他投资了教育事业，选项中只有founded才能与school搭配，指建立学校。

． 【S7】

正确答案：C

解析：该句的三个表语结构应该是相同的。由第二个表语结构to fund scientific research，可知该空应填一个动词原形。由逻辑主语charitable gifts(慈善捐献)，可知该空需填一个积极意义的动词，所以选promote，指促进国家之间的了解。

55． 【S8】

正确答案：O

解析：由不定冠词。可知，空格处应填名词。Carnegie Hall是地点，to后的结构是不定式作Carnegie Hall的定语，所以该空应选一个表示地点的名词，应填

center。

56． 【S9】

正确答案：H

解析：由 Andrew Carnegie’s可知该空需填一个名词。由第三段可知Andrew Carnegie为社会做了很大贡献，该句后面又说他投资五百多万美元建了2500个图书馆，可知他是慷慨的，所以选generosity。

57． 【S10】

正确答案：J

解析：该句所在的句子是定语从句来修饰the public library system(公共图书馆系统)，该句缺少谓语动词，并且由today可知该空应填动词原形，能与the public library system搭配的只有enjoy，指“享有”。

Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.

On April 26, 1937, at 4:40 P. M. , the Condor Legion of the German air force bombed peacefully, undefended Guernica to virtually total destruction. It took three hours and five minutes. For the German high command, it was an opportunity for their fighter pilots to practice saturation-bombing(饱和轰炸)and dive-bombing techniques designed to terrorize and kill fleeting civilians. Photographers and journalists who reported the bombing described it as a violence of then unparalleled horror. Guernica was the first city in history to be destroyed by aerial bombardment. World War II, for which the Spanish Civil War was a military dress rehearsal, would ultimately numb(使麻木)the world with its terrible destruction of Dresden and Hiroshima. While a contented world was unwilling to challenge the denials of France, the Germans, and the Vatican, one man decided to reveal the dimensions of the violent incident. Photographs of the bombing appeared in Paris newspapers within a day or two. And Pablo Picasso, acclaimed by many as the artistic genius of our age, immediately began his preliminary sketches for the mural(壁画), Guernica, which he gave to the Republican government to hang in the 1937 International Exposition in Paris. Today, Guernica is widely hailed as the greatest political painting of the twentieth century. Much controversy has arisen as to the specific meaning of the various elements of the painting. Does the bull represent fascism? Spain? Brutality and darkness? Picasso himself, never one to be bound by other people’s need for precise references, was no help. Critics have had a field day analyzing and explaining the masterpiece. What has never been in doubt is that the powerful mural is a symbolic, figurative painting made to express an exiled Spaniard’s terrible rage at the agony imposed on a defenseless town of innocent men, women, and children. He was painting their agony, Spain’s agony, and his own agony. A few years later, when

German soldiers visited Picasso’s studio in Paris during the occupation of France in World War II, the painter handed out postcards of the Guernica mural to his unwanted and uninvited visitors. “Did you do this?” one of the surprised soldiers exclaimed. “No,” Picasso is supposed to have replied, “you did.”

58． The German air force bombed Guernica to total destruction because ______.

A．the German pilots needed to practice their bombing techniques B．Guernica was trying to attack the Germans C．Germany was fighting with Guernica

D．the Germans had found that there were enemy troops in Guernica

正确答案：A 解析：根据题干中的total destruction定位到文章第一段，1937年6月26日，德国空军将毫无准备的Guernica炸成一片废墟。根据最高指示，这是德国空军为实行恐怖统治和当地平民而设计的一次轰炸机会。所以选A)。由第一段可知战争是在Guernica不知情的形式情况下进行的，所以排除B)，C)；D)在文中未提及。

59． The word “dimensions”(Line , Para. 2)is nearest in meaning to ______. A．degree

B．significance C．range D．size

正确答案：A 解析：该词所在的句子意思是说有人要揭发这起暴行。在第三段作者又说毕加索用画来表达该城市的痛苦，可知应该是degree“程度”。significance“意义”；range“范围”；size“规模”。

60． It can be inferred from the passage that Guernica was ______. A．a city in France B．a Spanish city C．a town near Paris

D．a small country in Europe

正确答案：B

解析：由第三段可知毕加索为这起事件画了壁画，第四段的最后两句话：该画象征了一个被驱逐的西班牙人对这个城市的痛苦感到愤怒，他是在画这个城市男女老幼的痛苦，西班牙的痛苦，他自己的痛苦，可推测该城市在西班牙，所以选B)。

61． After the bombing of Guernica, the Germans ______.

A．managed to launch the Spanish Civil War B．frightened the whole world into silence

C．went on to wipe out Dresden and Hiroshima D．did not admit their crime

正确答案：D

解析：由选项可知该题是在问炸毁Guernica以后的结果。由第二段最后一句：当世界不愿意质问德国对Guemica的暴行，一个人决定揭发这个事件，所以选D)，did not admit等于denials。B)中的whole是绝对意义的词，应排除；A)和C)并不是爆炸的结果。

62． Which of the following statements is true?

A．Every element in Guernica has a clear and accurate reference.

B．Picasso never cared whether or not other people could understand what he painted.

C．Picasso’s mural Guernica has caused critics’ arguments about its political implications.

D．In Guernica, Picasso painted a Spaniard who looks extremely painful as well as angry.

正确答案：B 解析：由选项可知：该题涉及毕加索的壁画的意义和内容，可定位到第四段。第四段中指出：毕加索不关心别人是否能明白他的画的意义，可知B)为答案。never cared是句中never one to be bound by的同义表达。第四段第一句：该画的具体含义引起了很多争议，可知该画的意思并不明确，排除A)，C)；文章并没有提到毕加索壁面中有一个很痛苦并很愤怒的西班牙人，排除D)。

Society was fascinated by science and things scientific in the nineteenth century. Great breakthroughs in engineering, the use of steam power, and electricity were there for all to see, enjoy, and suffer. Science was fashionable and it is not surprising that, during this great period of industrial development, scientific methods should be applied to the activities of man, particularly to those involved in the processes of production. Towards the end of the nineteenth century international competition began to make itself felt. The three industrial giants of the day, Germany, America, and Great Britain, began to find that there was a limit to the purchasing power of the previously apparently inexhaustible markets. Science and competition therefore provided the means and the need to improve industrial efficiency. Frederick Winslow Taylor is generally acknowledged as being the father of the scientific management approach, as a result of the publication of his book, The Principles of Scientific Management, published in 1911. However, numerous other academics and practitioners(实践者)had been actively applying such approaches since the beginning of the century. Charles Babbage, and English academic, well-known for his invention of the mechanical computer(with the aid of a government grant as long as 1820), applied himself to the costing of processes, using

scientific methods, and indeed might well be recognized as one of the fathers of cost accounting. Taylor was of well-to-do background and received an excellent education but, partly owing to troubles with his eyesight, decided to become an engineering apprentice. He spent some twenty-five years in the tough, sometimes brutal, environment of the US steel industry and carefully studied methods of work when he eventually attained supervisory status. He made various significant innovations in the area of steel processing, but his claim to fame is through his application of methods of science to methods of work, and his personal efforts that proved they could succeed in a hostile environment. In 1901, Taylor left the steel industry and spent the rest of his life trying to promote the principles of managing scientifically and emphasizing the human aspects of the method, over the slave-driving methods common in his day. He died in 1915, leaving a huge school of followers to promote his approach worldwide.

63． According to the passage, what was badly needed to improve industrial efficiency?

A．Great breakthroughs.

B．Unlimited purchasing power. C．Science and competition. D．International competition.

正确答案：C

解析：由题干needed to improve industrial efficiency定位到文章第一段最后一句话：科技与竞争成为提高工业效率的方式和需要，所以选C)。A)在文中未提及；B)是工业效率提高的结果，不是需要；D)只提到一点，片面。

． Taylor is most famous for ______.

A．his application of scientific methods to work

B．his book “The Principles of Scientific Management” C．his various innovations in steel processing

D．the spreading of his scientific management method

正确答案：A

解析：由题干most famous可定位到文章第二段第一句话：Taylor被认为是科学管理方法之父，和第三段最后一句：他最著名的是能将科学方法运用到实践中，并能通过自己的努力证明该方法在不利的条件下仍可成功，所以选A)。根据以上分析，书只是他著名的一个标志，不是因此而知名，所以B)不对；第三段最后一句是提到了他在钢铁生产领域的创新，但注意其后的but转折后才是考点，是该句的重心，所以排除C)；由文章最后一句可知是在他去世后，他的方法才广泛传播，所以D)不对。

65． Charles Babbage, an English academic, ______. A．tried to use computers in production processes

B．first used computers in the area of cost accounting C．was the father of modern computers

D．tried scientific approaches to calculate the costs

正确答案：D

解析：由题干Charles Babbage可定位到第二段的最后一句：以发明机械计算机而闻名的Charles Babbage用科学的方法来计算成本，的确可称得上成本会计之父，所以选D)。

66． Taylor’s scientific management method was described as ______. A．scientific and human B．efficient but slave-driving C．academic but practicable D．cruel but highly successful

正确答案：A 解析：由选项可知本题是对Taylor的管理方法的评价，文章最后一段的第一句话：他后半生都在致力于提高管理方法的科学性和人性化，而不是在他那个时代所用的奴隶式的方法，所以选A)。B)和D)与文章内容不符。

67． When Taylor died in 191, ______. A．his steel mill was sold B．his book was published

C．the slave-driving method had already been stopped D．a lot of followers continued to improve his theory

正确答案：D

解析：由题干died in 1915定位到文章最后一段的第二句话：他去世后，一批追随者继续提高他的方法，所以选D)。

Part V Cloze (15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.

Common indoor plants may prove to be a valuable weapon in the fight against rising levels of indoor air pollution. Those【C1】______in your office or home are not only【C2】______, but NASA scientists are finding them to be【C3】______Useful in absorbing potentially harmful【C4】______and cleaning the air inside modern buildings. NASA and the Associated Landscape Contractors of America(ALCA)have【C5】______the findings of a 2-year study that【C6】______the common indoor plant may provide a natural way of helping【C7】______”Sick Building Syndrome.” Research【C8】______the use of biological processes as a means of solving environmental problems, both on the【C9】______and in space habitats(栖息地), has been【C10】______out for many years by Dr. Bill Wolverton,

【C11】______a senior research scientist at NASA’s John C. Stennis Space Center, Bay St. Louis, Miss. Based on preliminary evaluations of the use of common indoor plants for indoor air purification and revitalization(恢复活力), ALCA【C12】______NASA to fund a study using about a dozen popular varieties of ornamental plants to determine their【C13】______in removing several key pollutants associated with indoor air pollution. NASA research on indoor plants has found that living plants are so【C14】______at absorbing contaminants in the air that some will be launched into【C15】______as part of the biological life support system aboard future orbiting space stations.【C16】______research is needed, Wolverton says the study has shown that common indoor landscaping plants can remove【C17】______pollutants from the indoor environment. “We feel that future results will provide an even【C18】______argument that common indoor landscaping plants can be a very effective part of a system used to provide pollution【C19】______homes and work places,” he【C20】______.

68． 【C1】 A．offices B．plants C．ways D．homes

正确答案：B

解析：代词those提示此处与上句Common indoor plants呼应，因此答案是plants。

69． 【C2】 A．decorative B．useful C．effective D．fantastic

正确答案：A

解析：室内摆放植物的基本用途是装饰作用，所以选decorative。

70． 【C3】 A．quickly B．expectedly C．surprisingly D．disappointingly

正确答案：C

解析：此处缺少修饰useful的副词。quickly不能修饰形容词useful；植物洁化空气这一作用与其装饰作用相比，是科学家的新发现，并且是一个积极的作用，

所以不能选择expectedly和disappointingly。因此答案是surprisingly。

71． 【C4】 A．substances B．smells C．gases D．liquids

正确答案：C

解析：此处缺少的名词应该可以作absorb的宾语。植物在净化空气时吸收的肯定是气体，所以选gases。注意smell与gas的不同。

72． 【C5】 A．addressed B．claimed C．solved

D．announced

正确答案：D

解析：公布研究结果，“公布”一词用announce。

73． 【C6】 A．suggests B．thinks C．asks

D．wonders

正确答案：A

解析：此空前that一词引导一个定语从句修饰study(研究)。根据上下文，此处意思应是“此研究表明”，因此动词用suggests最合适。

74． 【C7】 A．stimulate B．combat C．disturb D．promote

正确答案：B

解析：stimulate“刺激”，disturb“妨碍”，与上下文不相符。promote是“促进”的意思，而根据此句的意思，研究的结果肯定是植物可以防治“大楼综合症”，因此选combat“抵抗，抗击”。

75． 【C8】 A．for

B．into C．with D．to

正确答案：B

解析：词组research into意为“研究，探讨”。

76． 【C9】 A．sun B．moon C．earth D．planet

正确答案：C

解析：与in space habitats相对的地点肯定是on the earth。

77． 【C10】 A．carried B．taken C．given D．put

正确答案：A

解析：词组carry out的意思是“开展(研究)”。

78． 【C11】 A．formally B．fortunately C．faithfully D．formerly

正确答案：D

解析：fortunately“幸运地”，faithfully“忠实地”，两词的意思均与本文科普文体的用词特点不相符。formerly和formally是形近词，前者意为“以前”，后者意为“正式地”。此处意思是Dr．Bill Wolverton“以前”是航天中心的高级研究员，因此选副词formerly。

79． 【C12】 A．agreed B．combined C．joined D．accepted

正确答案：C

解析：ALCA与NASA“共同”赞助了一项研究计划。此处选及物动词joined。combined一般用于combine A with B表示“使结合成统一状态，合并”。

80． 【C13】 A．effectiveness B．conclusion C．absorption D．evaluation

正确答案：A

解析：研究应该是使用不同的植物证明它们是否有效果，因此选effectiveness。

81． 【C14】 A．supportive B．decisive C．efficient D．prominent

正确答案：C

解析：这句话的意思是“活的植物吸收空气中的污染物非常有效，因此有些植物将会被送上太空，作为未来轨道空间站上生物生命保障系统的一部分。”只有做到efficient才有可能被进一步利用。

82． 【C15】 A．sea B．space C．air D．water

正确答案：B

解析：根据上下文的意思以及launch into这一词组，得知此处填space。

83． 【C16】 A．While B．So C．Since D．For

正确答案：A

解析：此空所在的句子中，research is needed 和 the study has shown that common indoor landscaping plants can remove．．．pollutants from the indoor environment之间是让步关系，所以选While。

84． 【C17】 A．all B．certain C．no D．few

正确答案：B

解析：植物可以清除室内环境中的某些污染物(certain pollutants)，但如果说清除all pollutants太过绝对；no pollutants 和 few pollutants不符合事实。

85． 【C18】 A．stronger B．larger C．smaller D．weaker

正确答案：A

解析：根据上下文以及argument对修饰词的要求，选择stronger。

86． 【C19】 A．good B．full C．bad D．free

正确答案：D

解析：首先要分析此句的结构。此处缺少的是一个与pollution搭配的形容词来修饰homes and work places，所以选free。pollution free的意思是“无污染的”。

87． 【C20】 A．inquires B．objects C．concludes D．argues

正确答案：C

解析：上面引号中是通过研究得出的结论，所以选concludes一词。

Part VI Translation (5 minutes)Directions: Complete the sentences in the blanks by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.

88． The prime minister insisted that ____________(成立委员会)to look into the matter.

正确答案：a committee(should)be set up

解析：本题的第一个考查点是insist后面的that从句要使用虚拟语气，一般是should+动词原形，should常省略。第二个考查点是委员会和谓语动词成立之间是被动关系，要用被用语态。

． When he got the news yesterday, he hurried to Alice’s house ____________(结果却得知她已改嫁).

正确答案：only to learn she had remarried

解析：本题的考查点是句型“结果却…”的表达方式为only to，“改嫁”用动词remarried。

90． He doesn’t seem to be an old man in his eighties, ____________(就外貌而言).

正确答案：considering/in terms of his appearance 解析：本题的考查点是短语“就…而言”的表达方式为considering/in terms of。 91． The photographer ____________(碰巧在场)when they robbed the bank last week.

正确答案：happened to be on the spot

解析：本题的第一个考查点是短语“碰巧”的表达方式为happened to，第二个考点是短语“在场”的表达方式用be on the spot。

92． The judge eventually decided that Mary was guilty and she ____________(被判入狱三年).

正确答案：was sentenced to three years’ imprisonment

解析：本题的考查点是短语“被判入狱”的表达方式用be sentenced to imprisonment。“被判死刑”常用be sentenced to death。