大学英语四级(2013年12月考试改革适用)-试卷226

(总分：118.00，做题时间：90分钟)

一、 Writing(总题数：2，分数：4.00)

1.Part I Writing（分数：2.00）

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2.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled On College Students' Self-care Ability following the outline given below. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Write your essay on Answer Sheet 1.1.目前不少高校学生的自理能力很差2.产生此种现象的原因是……3.为了提高学生的自理能力，应该……On College Students' Self-care Ability （分数：2.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案： Nowadays in China, a problem that is quite prevalent among college students is that many of them lack the ability to take care of themselves. For example, it is not uncommon that a college student takes a week's dirty clothes back home and let the mother do the washing simply because he/she doesn't know how to do it. Why is it so? In my opinion, the doting parents should first take the blame. As it is, many parents love their kids so much that they go to extremes to manage every little detail of their kids' lives, without realizing that they are depriving their kids of the opportunity to learn self-dependence. In addition, the students are also to be blame. Even though the family provides an important support and all the care, they should not take everything in their life for granted or even do not bother to learn some basic living skills. In short, to train students to be independent, we need parents to loosen their grip and students to take some responsibilities.)

解析：解析：这是一篇论说文，要求就“高校学生的自理能力”这个话题进行论述。按照题目要求，全文可以安排如下： 第一段提出现象：不少高校学生缺乏自理能力，并以部分学生将囤积一周的脏衣服带回家让母亲洗的例子为例。 第二段从两方面分析此种现象产生原因：一、父母过于溺爱，剥夺了孩子学习自立的机会；二、学生对父母的照顾过于想当然而疏于学习必要的生活技能。 第三段从两方面说明提高学生自理能力的方法：一、父母不应事无巨细，什么都包办；二、学生应有所承担。

二、 Listening Comprehension(总题数：12，分数：50.00)

3.Part II Listening Comprehension

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析： 4.Section A

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（分数：4.00） A.21 years old. B.5 years old. C.17 months old. √ D.5 months old.

解析：解析：新闻中提到17个月大的双胞胎姐妹终于回到危地马拉过上新生活，由此可知C项正确。 A.They were separated by the US doctors. B.They were born with joined heads. √ C.Their father is too young to bring them up. D.They were sad to leave the staff.

解析：解析：新闻一开始就说有对双胞胎头部连在一起(Twins born joined at the head)，之后又再次提到双胞胎自出生起头就连在一块(born joined at the head)，所以她们是头部相连的连体婴儿，应选B项。 （分数：4.00）

A.Their products were not registered.

B.The quality of their products didn't meet the standard. C.They fixed price with the local seller.

D.They bribed health workers to promote products. √

解析：解析：新闻开头指出，医学研究人员控告一些婴儿配方奶厂商违反了国际市场规定，他们为了做促销，给了医护人员一些免费的样品和礼物(giving free samples and gifts to health workers)，这相当于行贿(bribe)，故D项“行贿医护人员来促销”正确。

A.Information about the health benefits of bottle-feeding. B.Instruction for the appropriate preparation in two languages. C.Information on how to choose the milk powder properly. D.Instructions to help mothers make up the milk. √

解析：解析：新闻在最后举例说明厂家各种不符合规范的做法，在最后提到没有指导母亲们如何配制婴儿配方奶(no instructions to help mothers make up the milk)。所以该信息应该在产品上标明的。D项复现原文，为正确答案。 （分数：6.00）

A.It changed its policy on posts with violent speech. √ B.It identified people who hate terrorists. C.It raised the anger of terrorists.

D.It suspended some accounts for religious reason.

解析：解析：新闻开头提到，现已改变，并尝试找出散播暴力言论的人。之后又提到会对这些人封号，A项“改变了对暴力言论的”是对以上信息的归纳，故选A项。 A.Updating their information frequently. B.Posting hateful things regularly. C.Using multiple accounts. √ D.Suspending some of their accounts.

解析：解析：新闻中提到，Twitter也禁止使用多个账号(bans people from using multiple accounts)，而这正是活跃在网上的方法。由此可推断常用的方法就是“使用多个账号”，C项正确。 A.They can't stop terrorists communicating through this channel. √ B.They didn't adjust their policy over the past year.

C.They didn't make an effort to gain promotion from the public. D.They don't update their service frequently enough.

解析：解析：新闻末尾提到，Twitter、Facebook和其他社交网络都受到了批评，因为他们不能阻止利用他们的渠道进行交流(failing to stop terrorism from using their channels to communicate)。A项所述与新闻的内容是一致的。 5.Section B

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（分数：8.00）

A.His inbox was broken. B.He made a big mistake. C.The meeting was put off. √ D.The work was postponed.

解析：解析：女士说会议推迟到星期五，男士说：什么?会议推迟了?没有人告诉我。C中的put off是对话中postponed一词的同义改写，符合题意。 A.There is a bunch of coffee. B.It is full of misplaced memos.

C.The secretary works beside it. D.Things get piled up there. √

解析：解析：男士说忙的时候他的办公桌堆满了东西(how things get piled up on my desk)，D可直接从对话中听到，故为答案。

A.It has not been sent out yet. B.It was posted in the break room. √ C.It never got to the man's inbox. D.It was misplaced by the man.

解析：解析：女士说备忘录三天前已经发出去了，应该每个人手头都有，休息间也张贴了一份备忘录。由此可见，A与听力原文相悖，B符合题意。 A.Ask the secretary about the memo. √ B.Talk to his friends about the secret. C.Read the memo to get the truth. D.Take a bunch of coffee breaks.

解析：解析：男士最后说他将会去跟他们的秘书谈话，了解备忘录的情况，A是这个意思，故为答案。 （分数：8.00）

A.She can't have a break again. B.The tires of her car are broken. C.She can't sell her car in the shop. D.Her car is being repaired again. √

解析：解析：男士问女士怎么了，是不是不舒服，女士说她很担心，因为她的车又在修理店修理了，D符合题意。

A.He is incapable of repairing old cars. B.He may overcharge her for the repairing. √ C.He may make an incorrect estimate. D.He doesn't know much about cars.

解析：解析：男士提醒女士不要被汽车修理工耍了，有些汽车修理工认为车主不怎么懂汽车，他们会多收修理费用。由此可见，男士是提醒女士提防不要被多收费了，B复现原文的overcharge，符合题意。 A.Offer the woman a ride home. √ B.Write the homework for the woman. C.Drive the woman back to campus.

D.Recommend a new car mechanic to the woman.

解析：解析：男士对女士说：今天下课后你需要我载你回家吗?女士表示很感谢。可见男士主动给予的帮助是载女士回家，选A。

A.Move back to live on campus. √ B.Leave alone those troubles. C.Pay a visit to the dormitory. D.Move to live near the campus.

解析：解析：女士说不在学校住又没有车的话要想去哪就很麻烦，男士建议她搬回宿舍住，这样就少了那些麻烦，A是对move back to your dormitory的同义改写，故为答案。 6.Section C

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（分数：6.00）

A.They travel faster near the TV station. B.They can work better than ever before. C.They usually follow the curve of the earth.

D.They travel in straight lines in all directions. √

解析：解析：短文提到，电视信号不沿地球的曲线传播，而沿直线向四周传播，故D正确。

A.Pay a monthly charge. √ B.Pay a yearly charge. C.Pay a daily charge. D.Pay an hourly charge.

解析：解析：短文提到，有线电视用户要每月交费，故A正确。 A.All classrooms use cable television. B.City people can see extra programs. √ C.The charge of cable is much lowered. D.TV signals can be received more easily.

解析：解析：短文提到，有线电视进入城市后，给城市观众带来了普通天线无法提供的额外节目，故B正确。

（分数：6.00）

A.He had no pension. B.He had a great car.

C.He was right at the age of 56. D.He owned a recipe for chicken. √

解析：解析：短文提到，Colonel Harland Sanders 65岁退休时，有一辆汽车，每月可拿105美元的养老金和一张鸡肉配方，故D正确。

A.Ask his friends to sell Fried Chicken. B.Work as a cook in a famous restaurant.

C.Sell his chicken recipe to restaurant owners. √ D.Study hard to work out a chicken recipe.

解析：解析：短文提到，Colonel Harland Sanders最初的计划是把鸡肉配方卖给餐馆，故C正确。 A.65. B.105. C.1008. √ D.1009.

解析：解析：短文提到，Colonel Harland Sanders前1008个销售电话都遭到了拒绝，直到第1009个电话才获得成功，故C正确。 （分数：8.00） A.Collectivism. B.Equality. C.Social group. D.Individualism. √

解析：解析：短文提到，美国人想起自由时，经常想到的是个人主义，故直接选D。 A.Equal rights and equal freedom. B.Equal worth and equal opportunity. √ C.Equal opportunity and equal pay. D.Equal worth and equal status.

解析：解析：短文提到，对美国人来说平等意味着同等的价值和同等的机会。故B正确。 A.Protesting their unequal treatment. B.Enduring all the hardships willingly.

C.Fulfilling their dreams through hard work. √ D.Learning how to get freedom and equality.

解析：解析：短文提到，美国文化教育人们通过努力奋斗实现个人梦想。故C正确。 A.People can easily fight with each other. B.Conflicts with others become inevitable. C.Americans are too concerned about their status. D.One's freedom can conflict with others' rights. √

解析：解析：短文提到，美国式自由存在不少问题，其中一个问题就是，一个人的自由有可能与他人的权利相冲突，故D正确。

三、 Reading Comprehension(总题数：8，分数：60.00)

7.Part III Reading Comprehension

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析： 8.Section A

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Barack and Michelle Obama understand the heavy burden of student loan debt. The Obamas did not pay off their student loans until Obama's best-selling books earned them millions of dollars. With the cost of a college education 1 , more than 60% of students take out loans to fund their undergraduate education. On average, students who borrow graduate with debts of $22,700—a 2 of more than 18% from 2000. But some of those with a newly acquired bachelor's degree are restrained with debts of $40,000 or more. You think this economy's tough? Try finding a job with the 3 of repaying tens of thousands of dollars in debt. Now, a new federal program—Income-Based Repayment—is making it 4 to pay back these loans. If a student chooses to repay her or his loan with this plan, payments are then readjusted—based on their income to something they can 5 afford. All debt will be forgiven after 25 years. A graduate who earns less than 150% of the 6 line won't have to make any payments. This is in addition to the year-old Public Service Loan Forgiveness program for those 7 in jobs such as law enforcement, public health and social work. Their loans will be forgiven after 10 years. This 8 isn't perfect; the loans have to be federal loans, not 9 . But students with more than one federal student loan can combine them under the program. In some cases, borrowers with large debt and low-to-moderate incomes may benefit at the end of 25 years, with the 10 of their debt forgiven. Others with higher incomes, though, will pay more.A) earning E) pressure I) balance M) easierB) state F) initiative J) raising N) workingC) rising G) poverty K) private O) reasonablyD) jump H) public L) barely （分数：20.00）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：C） 填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：D） 填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：E） 填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：M） 填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：O） 填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：G） 填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：N） 填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：F） 填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：K） 填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：I）

解析：解析：此处应为名词。上文的benefit at the end of 25 years表明债额巨大而收入在中下水平的贷款人25年期间是需要偿还贷款的，那么可以在25年后获益于该应该是体现在25年后“贷款余额(balance)”可获免除，故选balance。 10.Section B

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Low-carbon Future: We Can Afford to Go Green[A] Tackling climate change will cost consumers the earth. Those who campaign for a green revolution are out to destroy our western lifestyles. Such are the cries of opponents of emissions cuts, and their message has political impact: a number of surveys have found that the enthusiasm of voters for policies to reduce climate change falls off as the price tag increases. However, a new modelling (模型化) exercise suggests that these

fears are largely unfounded. It projects that radical cuts to the UK's emissions will cause barely noticeable increases in the price of food, drink and most other goods by 2050. Electricity and petrol costs will rise significantly, but with the right policies in place, say the modellers, this need not lead to big changes in our lifestyle.[B] \"These results show that the global project to fight climate change is feasible,\" says Alex Bowen, a climate policy expert at the London School of Economics. \"It's not such a big ask as people are making out.\" Although it is impossible to precisely predict prices four decades from now, the exercise is one of the most detailed examinations yet of the impact of climate change policies on UK consumers. It provides a useful rough guide to our economic future.[C] Though its results speak directly to the UK consumer, previous research has come to similar conclusions for the US. In June, one study found that if the US were to cut emissions by 50 per cent by 2050, prices of most consumer goods would increase by less than 5 per cent. The findings are also consistent with analyses by the Pew Center on Global Climate Change in Washington DC. \"Even cutting emissions by 80 per cent over four decades has a very small effect on consumers in most areas,\" says Manik Roy of the Pew Center. \"The challenge is now to convince consumers and policy-makers that this is the case.\"[D] The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change recommends that wealthy nations cut their emissions to between 80 and 95 per cent below 1990 levels by 2050 in order to avoid the worst effects of climate change. The UK government aims to reduce its contribution by 80 per cent and leaders of the other G8 nations have discussed following suit. To meet this goal, industries will have to cut down fossil fuel consumption, and low-carbon power sources will have to massively expand. Companies will have to pay increasingly higher prices for the right to emit greenhouse gases.[E] How will this affect the average citizen's wallet? To measure the impact of the 80 per cent target on the UK population, New Scientist approached Cambridge Econometrics, a firm known for its modelling of the European economy. The firm used historic economic data to predict the impact of emissions reductions on prices in over 40 categories of goods and services. It compared the impact of the 80 per cent cut with a baseline situation in which the government takes no action other than the limited emissions restrictions already in place as a result of the Kyoto protocol (京都议定书).[F] Most of the price increases are a consequence of rising energy costs, in part because coal and gas are replaced by more expensive low-carbon sources. The price of electricity is projected to be 15 per cent higher in 2050 compared with the baseline. In today's prices, that would add around ￡5 onto typical monthly household electricity bills. It will also result in higher prices elsewhere, as every industrial sector uses electricity. But electricity and other forms of energy make up only a small part of the price of most goods. Other factors—raw materials, labour and taxes—are far more important. The energy that goes into producing food, alcoholic drinks and tobacco, for example, makes up just 2 per cent of the consumer price. For motor vehicle purchases and hotel stays, the figure is 1 per cent. Only for energy-intensive industries does the contribution climb above 3 per cent.[G] As a result, most products cost just a few per cent more by 2050. At current prices, going low-carbon is forecast to add around 5 pence to the price of a slice of bread or a pint of beer. The price of household appliances such as washing machines rises by a few pounds. There is one major exception to the pattern. Airlines do not currently have a low-carbon alternative to jet fuel. Unless one is found, they will bear the full burden of carbon pricing, and average fares will rise by at least 140 per cent— raising the cost of a typical London to New York return trip from around ￡350 to ￡840.[H] Achieving the overall picture of low prices does require government action. The model forecasts that by 2050 natural gas and petrol will cost 160 per cent and 32 per cent more respectively. To avoid large price rises in home heating and road transport while still hitting the 80 per cent target, the Cambridge researchers had to build two major policies into their analysis. They assumed that future governments will provide grants to help switch all domestic heating and cooking to electricity, and invest in the basic facilities needed for electric cars to almost completely replace

petroleum-fuelled vehicles. Both policies have been discussed in recent UK government strategy documents, though the detail of how they would be implemented still needs further discussion. Firm policies must follow if ambitious emissions cuts are going to be made, says Chris Thoung of Cambridge Econometrics.[I] So is tackling climate change going to be easier than expected, in terms of consumer costs? While the Cambridge Econometrics model is widely respected and regularly used by the UK government's climate change advisers, any attempt to forecast four decades ahead can be diverted from its intended course by unforeseen events. That leads some economists to question the model's results. [J] For example, companies could move to countries with less strict carbon regulations, points out Richard Tol of the Economic and Social Research Institute in Dublin, Ireland. Incomes in the UK would fall, making goods relatively more expensive. Tol also questions whether it is reasonable to use historical prices as a basis for projecting beyond 2020. Despite this, the Cambridge Econometrics results, together with other recent studies, do provide a useful guide for governments, says Michael Grubb of the University of Cambridge. They suggest that the overall challenge is conquerable, even if many of the details will only become clear in years to come.（分数：20.00）

(1).Cambridge Econometrics predicted the impact of emissions reductions on prices from past economic data.（分数：2.00）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：E）

解析：解析：根据专有名词，可将定位缩小至E及H至J段。其中E段第3句提到该公司预测价格的方式是利用historic economic data，这与本题中的past economic data意思一致，故本题出处在E段。 (2).Richard Tol points out that UK companies could find other locations with less strict carbon regulations, which would affect the future price.（分数：2.00） 填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：J）

解析：解析：根据人名可定位至J段，该段第l句就提到英国企业在其他地方设厂的问题，而这一做法是对上段末内容的举例，是属于影响物价的一些不可预见的因素，原文所述与本题一致。

(3).The air fares are predicted to rise dramatically because no clean energy can replace the jet fuel.（分数：2.00）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：G）

解析：解析：本题有关飞机票价的上升问题，根据air fares，jet fuel等关键词定位到G段，该段最后三句提到了飞机票是一个例外(exception)，价格会大幅上升，倒数第2句提到航空公司没有飞机燃料的低碳替代品(low-carbon alternative)，故本题所述与文章该段所述一致。答案确定为G。

(4).Some economists doubt the model's results because the prediction may be diverted by unforeseen events.（分数：2.00）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：I）

解析：解析：根据关键词economists，model’s results及unforeseen events可定位至I段。该段最后一句中的That指代上一句提到的“对未来的预测受到不可预见事件的影响”，与本题所述一致，故确定本题出处是I段。

(5).As the cost of a green revolution rises, the enthusiasm of the policy-makers to lessen climate change decreases.（分数：2.00）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：A）

解析：解析：根据the cost of a green revolution，enthusiasm和lessen climate change等词定位至A段第3句冒号后的内容。本题中的cost of a green revolution rises与文中price tag increases对应，lessen与reduce对应，decreases则与falls off对应，这两句句意一致，A段为本题出处。 (6).The Cambridge Econometrics results provide a useful guide for policy-makers, with a suggestion that the government can conquer the challenge.（分数：2.00） 填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：J）

解析：解析：根据关键词The Cambridge Econometrics和conquer等词可定位至J段最后两句。最后一句提到“(减排)的挑战是可以克服的(conquerable)”，而倒数第2句则说该公司为提供了一个有用的指导(a useful guide)，故本题是综合概括了这两句内容，J段为本题出处。

(7).The two major policies built by the Cambridge researchers include the electrification of residential heating and cooking system.（分数：2.00） 填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：H）

解析：解析：根据two major policies，Cambridge和electrification等关键词定位至H段第4句，该句提到剑桥研究人员的提到的之一是将家庭中的“供暖及煮食设备转为电力”，这与本题中所说的electrification“电气化”一致，故H为本题出处。

(8).To reduce 80 per cent of the emission, the UK industries have to cut down fossil fuel consumption and use low-carbon power sources instead.（分数：2.00） 填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：D）

解析：解析：根据80 per cent，UK industries和cut down fossil fuel等关键词可定位至D段倒数第2、3句。倒数第3句提到英国目标是减排80％，下一句说明为达到这一目标要做的事，所述与本题一致，故本题的出处是D段。

(9).According to the modellers, emission cuts won't change the lifestyle much, provided that appropriate policies are carried out.（分数：2.00） 填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：A）

解析：解析：根据modellers，lifestyle及appropriate policies等关键信息可定位至A段最后一句。原文该句是以with短语形式出现，题目中则以provided that…引导的从句出现。两者意思一致，故本题出处是A段。

(10).A study showed that cutting emissions by eighty per cent in the coming four decades has little effect on the price.（分数：2.00）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：C）

解析：解析：文章出现数字80％的有四段，C段、D段、E段、H段，其中只有C段讲到减价与物价之间的直接联系，该段最后一句引用Manik Roy的话表明，在未来40年减排并不会对物价造成影响，与本题所述一致。 11.Section C

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Earlier this year I met with a group of women in Matela, a small farming village in Tanzania, and we discussed something that's been on all of our minds lately: finding a safe place to save money. The women said their babies were getting sick from malaria (疟疾), and they could afford the drugs if they saved money over time—but with no access to formal savings accounts, they had a hard time safeguarding cash. So they saved in risky and inefficient ways. They made loans to each other, or bought goats or jewelry, then sold them if they suddenly needed money. The success of microloans has opened new opportunities for many poor people and has been a crucial factor in reducing poverty. But loans are not enough. Savings accounts could help people in the developing world with unexpected events, accumulate money to invest in education, increase their productivity and income, and build their financial security. Fortunately, this is a moment of opportunity. New policy ideas are uniting in ways that will lower the cost of savings and bring safe financial services to the doorsteps of the poor. One exciting trend is agent banking, in which stores and post offices serve as banking outlets. Banks still manage and guarantee the deposits, but they rely on the infrastructure (基础设施) of other outlets to deal with clients where there are no bank branches. The phenomenal growth of mobile phones in the developing world presents another opportunity. M-Pesa, the mobile-phone cash-transfer service in Kenya, has signed up more than 5 million subscribers in two years and recently expanded to Tanzania. This new idea is opening markets and transforming lives. A split-second M-Pesa transaction costs as little as 30 cents and replaces a day of risk and expense just to send someone money or carry earnings home. At the Gates Foundation, it has been committed more than $350 million to make financial services widely accessible to the poor because safe places to save can help break the cycle of poverty. If action

is taken on this moment, then within a generation, billions of people will have the chance to build up their savings and live the healthy, productive lives that they deserve.（分数：10.00） (1).According to the first paragraph, people in Matela are most likely to expect that _______.（分数：2.00）

A.they can afford the cure for malaria B.they can save their cash efficiently √ C.they can live safely in the village D.their can get rid of poverty soon

解析：解析：第1段第1句提到了Matela的村民最希望的是finding a safe place to save money，该段其他句子提供了一些细节，支持第1句提到的主题，由此可见，第1段说明了Matela的村民最希望能把钱存好，因此，本题应选B。

(2).What can help the poor build financial security?（分数：2.00） A.Getting microloans. B.Lower cost of savings. C.Chances for education. D.Savings services. √

解析：解析：该句表明，能够帮助穷人建立经济上的保障的方式是为他们提供“储蓄账户”，D与“储蓄账户”意思最为相近，故为本题答案。

(3).What is the role of post offices in \"agent banking\"?（分数：2.00） A.They are subordinate to banks. B.They are cooperative with banks. √ C.They are taking the place of banks. D.They are being changed into banks.

解析：解析：第3段第1句的agent和outlets等词表明邮局充当银行的代理，负责为银行接受客户，收到的存款交由银行管理，但邮局还有自己本身的邮政功能，因此，它们与银行之间只是合作关系。由此可见，本题应选B。

(4).Compared with agent banking, M-Pesa most probably _______.（分数：2.00） A.is less practical for poor people B.is more popular among clients

C.costs less except transaction fees √ D.provides safer savings accounts

解析：解析：原文该句表明通过M-Pesa交易只要交纳手续费，as little as很好地提示了其花费较低，因此，本题应选C。

(5).Gates Foundation intends to make financial services _______.（分数：2.00） A.affordable B.widely recognized C.influential

D.easily obtained √

解析：解析：D是对原文该句中的widely accessible的同义改写，故为本题答案。

The inner voice of people who appear unconscious can now be heard. For the first time, researchers have struck up a conversation with a man diagnosed as being in a vegetative (植物的) state. All they had to do was monitor how his brain responded to specific questions. \"They can now have some involvement in their destiny,\" says Adrian Owen of the University of Cambridge, who led the team doing the work. In an earlier experiment, Owen's team asked a woman previously diagnosed as being in a vegetative state to picture herself carrying out one of two different activities. The resulting brain activity suggested she understood the commands and was therefore conscious. Now Owen's team has taken the idea a step further. A man also diagnosed with VS was able to answer yes and no to specific questions by imagining himself engaging in the same activities. The results suggest that it is possible to give a degree of choice to some people who have no other way of

communicating with the outside world. \"We are not just showing they are conscious, we are giving them a voice and a way to communicate,\" says neurologist (神经病学家) Steven Laureys of the University of Liege in Belgium, Owen's partner. Doctors traditionally base these diagnoses on how someone behaves: for example, whether they can glance in different directions in response to questions. The new results show that you don't need behavioural indications to identify awareness and even a degree of cognitive proficiency. All you need to do is tap into brain activity directly. The work \"changes everything\Medical College in New York, who is carrying out similar work on patients with consciousness disorders. \"Knowing that someone could persist in a state like this and not show evidence of the fact that they can answer yes/no questions should be extremely disturbing to our practice.\" One of the most difficult questions you might want to ask someone is whether they want to carry on living. But as Owen and Laureys point out, the scientific, legal and ethical challenges for doctors asking such questions are formidable.（分数：10.00）

(1).\"They\" in the second paragraph can be replaced by \" _______\".（分数：2.00） A.patients in a VS √ B.researchers

C.monitoring machines D.specific questions

解析：解析：该段中的they和their的所指相同，根据their destiny推断they应该是指“植物状态的病人”。以前人们认为植物人没有意识，可是现在研究发现植物人是有意识的，是可以参与自己命运的，因此，A是最合理的选项。

(2).What did Owen's team find about the woman in the first experiment?（分数：2.00） A.Her brain was active. √ B.She gave creative responses. C.She gave conditioned responses. D.Her brain was damaged.

解析：解析：该句的The resulting brain activity表明植物人有大脑活动，即大脑处于活动状态，因此，本题应选A。

(3).Owen's team can communicate with people in a VS by _______.（分数：2.00） A.enabling them to think B.enabling them to speak

C.providing them with choices √ D.providing them with activities

解析：解析：该句指出研究人员为植物人提供选择，而句中的no other way表明植物人作出的选择是他们和外界交流的唯一途径，由此可见，本题应选C。

(4).Nicholas Schiff looks at the findings by Owen's team with _______.（分数：2.00） A.caution B.approval √ C.amazement D.annoyance

解析：解析：该句开头的The work“changes everything”表明Nicholas Schiff对结果持肯定的态度，他认为这个研究结果产生了重大的影响，在所有选项中，只有B表示肯定的态度。 (5).Owen and Laureys would most probably agree that ______.（分数：2.00） A.patients with VS should not give up their lives B.patients with VS should enjoy legal rights too

C.doctors should leave the choice between life and death to patients D.doctors should not ask a patient whether he wants to live or die √

解析：解析：该句表明Owen and Laureys认为如果医生询问病人他们是否想活下去，医生将在科学、法律和伦理等方面面临挑战，而这种挑战极为强大，几乎不可战胜，由此推断，Owen and Laureys都认为医生不该提出这样的问题，因此，本题应选D。

四、 Translation(总题数：2，分数：4.00)

12.Part Ⅳ Translation（分数：2.00）

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13.蹴鞠(Cuju)是中国古代的一项球类运动。它是竞技运动，要把球踢进球网内。该运动是为了训练士兵而发明的。在汉代(the Han Dynasty)，从到皇室，乃至贵族阶层，蹴鞠都很盛行。由于社会经济的发展，蹴鞠在宋代(the Song Dynasty)甚至风靡社会各阶层。当时，职业蹴鞠球员十分普遍。这些球员分为两类：一类是由皇室训练并为皇室表演，而另一类则由靠蹴鞠谋生的平民百姓组成。 （分数：2.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案： Cuju is an ancient Chinese ball game. It is a competitive game that involves kicking a ball through an opening into a net. The game was invented for military training purposes. During the Han Dynasty, the popularity of Cuju spread from the army to the royal courts and upper classes. Due to social and economic development, the sport even extended its popularity to every class in society during the Song Dynasty. At that time, professional Cuju players were quite popular. These players fell into two groups: One was trained by and performed for the royal court and the other consisted of civilians who made a living as Cuju players.)

解析：解析：1．“要把球踢进球网内”可译为that引导的定语从句，修饰中心词“竞技运动”。“要……”可用involves或requires来表达。“把球踢进球网内”则可译作kicking a ball through an opening into a net。 2．“为了……”在此处可译为for…purposes。 3．“从……到……，乃至……，蹴鞠都很盛行”，既可译成the popularity of Cuju spread from…to…and…，也可译成Cuju are very popular from…to…and…。 4．“风靡社会各阶层”可译作extended its popularity to every class in society，与上句的衔接更加自然、顺畅。 5．“一类……，另一类……”译为One…the other… 6．“由……组成”可翻译成consist of或be made up of等。