英语人教版八年级下册现在完成时构成及用法

现在完成时由“助动词 have ( has)+过去分词”构成。下面以动词 finish 为例，将现在完成时的肯定式，否定式和疑问式以及简略答语列表如下： 肯定式 否定式 I/You have finished. I/You have not finished. He /She /It has finished. He /She /It has not finished. We/You /They have finished. We/You /They have not finished 疑问式和简略回答 Have I /you finished? Yes, you/ I have. No, you/ I have not. Has he/she/it finished? Yes, he /she it has. No, he /she it has not. Have we /you /they Yes, you /we/they have . No, you /we/they have not finished? 注）have not 常简略为 haven’t ,has not 常简略为 hasn’t . 2.现在完成时的用法 用法 例句 时间状语 表示过去发生或已经完-Have you had your lunch already, yet, ever , just, 成的动作对现在造成的yet? never , before, so far ,in 影响或结果。 -Yes, I have .I’ve just had the last /past +时间 it. (现在我不饿了) -Have you read Little Women yet? -No, I haven’t . （我对该书不了解） 某些动词的现在完成时I haven’t seen her these for ten years 可表示过去某一时间开days . since 1996 始并一直持续到现在（包I’ve known Bob for these since +一般过去时从句 括“现在”在内）的动作或years. 状态，可以和表示延续的I’ve been at this school for 时间状语连用。表示持续over two years. 动作或状态的动词多是They have lived here since 延续性动词。 1996. How long have you worked in this library? She has taught us since I came to this school . have（has）been to 意为She has been to Shanghai. “曾经到过某地”,（现在已她去过上海。（她已不在经回来了），常与表示次上海了） 数的副词连用。 have(has) gone to 意为She has gone to Shanghai. “去了某地”，表示说话时她到上海去了。（她可能某人已不在现场，可能在已在去上海的路上，或已去的途中，也可能已经到到上海，总之，现在不在达目的地。 这里。） have(has) been in 意为She has been in Shanghai “待在某地”，表示状态，for two years. 后面常接表示“时间段”她去上海两年了。 的状语。 注：非延续性动词在否定结构中可用现在完成时表示持续的动作或状态。 例如：I haven’t bought anything for two months. 3.现在完成时和一般过去时的区别

现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，所以它不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，例如：yesterday, last night, three weeks ago, in 1990等。而一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生联系，它可以和上述表示过去的时间状语连用。 例如：

I have seen the film.我看过这部电影。（我了解这部电影的内容。） I saw the film last week.我上个星期看了这部电影。（只说明上星期看了这部电影，不涉及现在的情况。）

He has lived here since 1992. 1992年以来他一直住在这里。（他现在还住在这里） He lived here in 1992. 1992年他住在这里。（不涉及他现在是否还住在这里。）

练习

一。选择

1.—_________you ______ him before ? —No，not yet。

A. Have ; met B. Did ;meet C. Do; meet D. Were ; meeting

2.—Let’s go shopping ,Lily ! Have you finished your homework _______? —No, not _______.

A. just; yet B. ever ; already C. yet; yet D. ever; just 3.—Lily ,why are you still here ? School is over for half an hour. —Because I ______ my task yet. I still need one more hour

A. won’t finish B. don’t finish C. haven’t finished D. hadn’t finished 4.—I’d like to introduce my best friend to you ,Peter. —Thank you, Lucy. But we ______ already. A. meet B .met C. will meet D. have met 5.—Have you finished your work _____? —Yes, I have. I’ve ________ finished it .

A. yet; already B. already ; yet C. already; already D. yet ; yet 6.—Have you found your IPod? —_____________.

A. No, you have B. Not yet C. Yes, I do D. Yes, I found 7.Lucy’s never been to Beijing , _______ she ? A. is B. isn’t C. has D. hasn’t 8.Mary ______ yet. I’m waiting for her .

A.. came back B .has come back C. hasn’t come back D. was coming back

9.—_________ you ______ out the problem, Sam? —Not yet, but I’m going to .

A. Did; work B. Are; working C. Have; worked D. Will; work 10.—_______you _______ a pen on the desk ? —Yes, but Miss Liu ______it away just now.

A. Have; seen; has taken B .Have; seen ;took C. Have; see; took D. Do ; see; has taken

11.—Have you cooked supper ________? —Yes, I have ________ finished it .

A. yet ; just B. yet; ever C. already; yet D. already ;just 12.Mr.Wnag isn’t here ,I think he _____ Shanghai. A. went B has been to C. has gone to 13.—Hello! Could I speak to Lily/

—Sorry ,she is not in .She ________ Shanghai.

A. have been to B. have gone to C. has been to D. has gone to 14.Neither my sister nor I ______ been to America before. A. have ever B. have never C. has ever D. has never 15.He _______ to Beijing many times.

A. have been B . has been C. have gone D. has gone

16.—Have you ever left your keys in your house? — No, _________.

A. ever B . already C. yet D. never 17.Mr.Green _______ China for ten years.

A. has been to B .has been in C. has come to D . has gone to

18.—He ________ the English –Chinese dictionary for about ten years ,but it is still new .

— What a careful man!

A. has bought B. has borrowed C. has had D. bought

19.In the last ten years changes _________ place in my hometown. A. took B . had taken C. have taken D. take

20.Zhao Lan ______ already ______ in this school for two years. A. was ;studying B. will ; study C. has ; studied D. are; studying 21.Hurry up ! The play ______ for ten minutes.

A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. begun 22.—How long have you _____ China? —For three years .

A. come back B. returned C. left D. been away from 23.—Oh, Mrs. King, your necklace looks nice. Is it new? —No ,I _______ it for two years.

A. had B. have had C. bought D. have bought 24.—You are leaving your school .How do you like it？

—Very much, of course .I _____this school since I moved here . A. have gone to B. came to C. have been to D. have been at 25.—I’m sorry to keep you waiting for a long time.

—Oh, not at all. I ______ here for only a few minutes. A. have arrived B have been C. arrived D was 26.—Hello, this is Lily speaking. Could I speak to Mr. Black? —Sorry. He _____ Beijing .

A. has been to B . has gone to C. has been in D. will go to 27.H e ________ in this factory for 20 years already.

A. will work B. works C. has worked D is working 28.—I wonder when you ______ the new watch. —Well, I ____ it for two weeks.

A. have bought; have had B. bought; have bought C. bought; have had D. have bought; have bought 29.The Browns________ Water World twice.

A. went to B. has been to C. have been to D . have been in 30.Tom ____ Mary in 1998.That is to say ,they _____ for 15 years.

A .got married with; have got married B. got married to ; have married

C. married; have been married D. married to ; have been married 31.—I’m sorry .I ______ your printer for such a long time . —Never mind.

A. have borrowed B. have lent C. have kept D. have bought 32.—What a nice bike ! How long _____you ________ it ? —Just two weeks .

A. have ;bought B. did ; buy C. have ; had D. are; having 33.—__________you ever_______ Chinese moon-cakes, Diana? —No, never .But I have had noodles.

A. Do; try B. Will; try C. Did ;try D. Have ; tried 34.—________ has your brother studied in New York? —For two years.

A. How far B. How old C. How often D. How long

35.—When ______ your mother _____ you that blue dress,Mary? —Sorry ,I really can’t remember.

A. does; buy B. has; bought C. had; bought D. did ; buy 36.—_________ has your uncle been to Canada ? —Only twice .

A. How many times B. How often C.How long D.How far 37.—How beautiful your skirt is! Is it new? —No，I have ________ it for two months.

A. borrowed B. bought C. had D got 38.—How long have you collected shells? —__________.

A. After I left school B. Before I moved here C. When I went to the beach D. Since I was ten years old

39.—What are you going to do this weekend ? —I _________ yet.

A. haven’t decide B. won’t decide C. have decided D. didn’t decide 40.Great changes _______ in our city since 1980.

A. took place B. have taken place C. happened D. have happened 41.—I have never been to American Computer Museum .What about you ? —________ .

A. So do I B. So have I C. Neither do I D. Neither have I 42.He _______ the house ,and you can put your things in it . A. cleaning B. cleaning out C. cleaned D . has cleaned out

43.Tom has never ______Australia. But his parents have ______ there twice.

A. been to ; been to B . been ; gone C. been to ; been D. gone ;gone 二。翻译

1.你读过《小妇人》吗？不，我没有。

—__________ you _____ Little Women yet ? —No I haven’t . 2.我已经读完它了！

I’ve ______ ________ ________ it ! 3. 我已经砍倒了树木，建造了房子。

I _________ ________ ________ _______ trees and built a house.

4.从那时起，她就成了美国乡村音乐的一名狂热爱好者。

Ever _______ ________ ,she has been a fan of American country music . 5.“你学汉语多长时间了？”“一年了”

—How long ______ you _______Chinese ? —For a year .

6.你曾经去过科学博物馆吗？ 是的，我去过。

—_________ you ever ______ _______ a science museum? —Yes, _________ ______ . 7.我从来没有野营过。

I’ve _________ ________ _________ . 8.他曾经看过这部电影。

He _____ _____ ______ the film. 9.埃米已经长大了，她不再是个孩子了。

Amy already and she is no longer a child. 10.到目前为止，比赛已经持续6天了。 So far ,the match _______ for 6 days.

11.在老师的帮助下，Tom在英语方面取得了进步。

Tom in English with the teacher’s help. 12.他在北京待了三年。

He Beijing for three years. 13.三年前他去北京了。

He Beijing three years ago. 14.自从三年前他就去了北京。

He Beijing since three years ago . 15.我已经核对了所有的数字，都是正确的。

I all the figures and they are correct. 16.你来这个学校已有两年多了吗？

more than two years since you come to this school ?

三。填空 A Mostly， take , homeland ,abroad, live ,appear, search, someday , die , poem Do you have any family members or friends who live ___1____?Now many people come to China to look for the roots of their families. They ___2__come from the United States, Canada, England and Germany. Mrs. Sun is a Chinese woman, and she __3___ abroad for fifty years. Her father __4___ when Mrs. Sun was only seven years old .Her uncle ____5___her to America and she has lived abroad ever since.

Now she is a famous singer in America .Every time she __6____in public, thousands of her fans never miss the chance to see her .She is also a poet and her ___7___ moved a lot of people .She often says her is in ___8____ of her ancestors’ roots. She has never forgotten her ___9___ .She hopes that she will be able to go back to her hometown ___10___ ,and she will go to her father’s grave.

1.____2._____3.____4._____5.______6._______7._____8.____9._____10.____

B clean ,interest, fly ,true, or, besides, travel, make, have ,save Du Ming going to Singapore with his parents this Friday. They __1__never been to a foreign country before. They plan to stay in Singapore for a week .

“__2__ to Singapore have always been a dream for me,” Du Ming said a reporter. ”Now it will come __3__.”

“How will you go to Singapore, by plane __4___ by ship ?” “By ship. Travelling by ship much __5____,I think.” “But it is not as fast as travelling by plane.”

“Yes, but you can’t see much during the _6__.Taking a ship will __7__ you happier, because you can see the waves, the islands and even big fishes.” “Will you travel at your own expense(自费)？”

“Certainly. My father is a cleaner. Although he is not rich or famous, I’m proud of him. He has __8__a lot of money in the last ten years. So we are able to go on this trip.__9__ ,he has done a lot to improve our environment. Our city is __10__ than before, isn’t it ?”

1.____2.____3.____4.____5.____6.____7.____8.____9._____10.____ 四。补全对话 A。I’ve got a good one . B.I have read some but I don’t think they’re interesting . C. I’ll let you have it . D. How do you like it ? E. I’ve never read any and I’d like to try it . F. You can ask him for it . G. I don’t mind how long you kept it . A : Hello, John. Here is the book .You lent it to me last week. Thank you very much . B: Oh, you’re welcome, Tina._____1____

A: Very much .I’m sorry to have kept it so long .I haven’t had much time for reading these days.

B: That’s all right._____2____

A: Have you got any more books by the same writer?

B: Yes, but I have lent it to Jim. Would you like to borrow it ?

A: Yes, please .Shall I ask Jim to pass it on to me when he has finished it ? B: No, better let him return it to me and then _____3__ A: Have you got anything else I can borrow now ? B: Do you like science books?_____4_____ A:_______5____

B: OK. Let’s go and get it .It’s in my room.