阅读理解训练营

考纲解读：

阅读理解作为考查考生语言能力的重点，要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料。考生应能：理解主旨要义；理解文中的具体信息；作出简单的判断和推理；理解作者的意图和态度。其具体要求为： 1．能够读懂生词率不超过5%的短文。 2．把握短文的主要线索、时间和空间。 3．能够对短文内容作出简单以及抽象的判断。

4．理解短文的基本结构，了解重点段落、重点词句的含义，推测作者意图，把握文章脉络。5．熟悉掌握实用性文章如：书刊、影视、产品等方面的广告、说明、通知、社评、旅游等。

应试法宝：

一、掌握策略，战无不胜

阅读理解无论从难度和分数所占比重都是首先应该受到学生重视的，但很多同学在做阅读理解时总是感觉时间不够用，其实只要灵活处理好以下几个方面的关系，这个问题便可迎刃而解。

1．正确处理好“快”与“准”的关系

也就是说，在准确把握文章整体、细节以及严密推理的基础上，尽量提高阅读速度，而不是单纯的追求阅读速度。哪些题目是自己有把握的，哪些是拿不准的心里也就有了底。然后对自己拿不准的题目再仔细推敲，力争有所突破。 2．正确处理好复杂句式、生词和选项的关系

高考阅读的长句、难句的数量逐年增多。结构复杂、修饰语叠缀、信息容量大的句子在高考试卷中频频出现，有时一个句子占几行甚至一个自然段，而且也增加了考生的心理压力。为此，建议大家：与题目无关，不影响理解文章大意的，就不必浪费时间和精力；

对待生词也应该采取同样的方法，首先看看生词是否与题目、文章的大意有关，如果是题目要求所必需的，我们就要弄清楚生词所处的语境，以及和下文的联系，推测生词的含义，否则就忽略它。记住:阅读不是做翻译，切忌逐字逐句去纠结每个单词的意思，这是浪费时间！

3．正确处理好所需信息与剩余信息的关系

我们在做题时，只要重点理解与题目有关的信息就可以了。这就要求考生在答题时，最好先大体浏览一下文后的题目，确定主攻方向，然后带着问题阅读文章，特别要关注首尾段和首尾句，把握文章的主题和脉络，摘取有用的材料，舍弃无关的信息。

4．所选有据，忠实原文，避免主观

做题时，我们必须以作者的思维模式为准绳，以原文提供的事实、细节和逻辑关系为自己思维活动的基准点，切忌把自己的观点和看法当作原文或作者的观点。同时，符合原文的选项是正确选项但不一定就是最佳选项，阅读题要求选的是最佳选项，有的选项从某个枝节来看是对的，但从全文来看则不是最佳的，因此，不能以偏概全，必须通盘考虑，取主要，舍枝节。 二、解题步骤

1．阅读题干，明确问题。不必读四个选项。通过题干对文章进行初步了解。这样，在

下一步阅读时就可以针对问题直接找答案，减少盲目性。

2．快速掌握大意，不在细节上纠缠，（跳读）。在第一步的基础上迅速阅读并对文章有

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重庆戴氏教育培训沙坪坝总校 高中英语专项训练之阅读理解 教师：陶源

大致的了解，这是选出正确选项的前提。

3．阅读问题题干及其选项，在文中寻找相关的材料并预选选项。可在文中相应处作出

标记，以便进一步了解并最终确定答案。

4．带着问题略读原文，确定答案。（判断找依据，不要主管臆断！） 三、知己知彼，减少失误

有时候四个选项中总有一个极易误选，因此，了解阅读理解题中的干扰项的特点，可以大大减少我们不必要的失误。概括起来，干扰项可分为以下三种类型：

1．与原文矛盾。即选项与文章内容相矛盾。这种选项的干扰性较小，只要仔细阅读就可排除。

2．无中生有。即选项与文章内容不矛盾，但在文中没有相关信息支持，没有根据。这类选项的干扰较大。在做此类题时，切忌把自己或他人观点作为选择依据。

3．答非所问。选题与题目关系不大，选项没有针对题目来阐述。这类题目干扰性也较大。同学们在做此类题时，不仅要判断选项内容的正确性，还应注意选项是否针对题目。

题型探究 一. 细节理解题

【常见问题】

1．Which of the following statements is True /Correct (Not True/not correct)? 2．Which of the questions has not been mentioned (or discussed)in the passage? 3．What is the reason that„？ 4．What do we know about„？

5．When/Where did the story happen?

6．Which is the right order of the events given in the passage? 7. All the statements are right except… 【涉及内容】

1. 三正一误(三项正确，只有一项不符合原文)或者三误一正。

2. 定义 3. 比较 4. 年代和数字 5. 原因和结果 【三点注意】

(1)细心审题，直接就题找答案。解答此类试题时，不必通篇细看原文，而应采取“带着问题找答案”的方法，先从问题中抓住关键性词语(题眼)，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句，仔细品味，对照比较，确定答案。

(2)变通理解，间接转述找答案。细节理解题通常采用词语和句型转换的形式来取代原文中的表述，命题者在出这类题时惯用“偷梁换柱、张冠李戴”的手法来迷惑考生，即对原句细微处作改动，截取原文词语或结构进行改造，因果倒置，把A的观点说成B的观点等。所以正确理解题干和信息句的意义是关键。

(3)多点归纳，综合事实找答案。细节理解题有时考查的并不是单一的信息，而是多处信息的整合。解答此类“综合”信息细节题时，一定要全面捕捉相关信息，进行综合分析、归纳，切忌根据“一面之词”草率地作出结论。 【解题方法】

1. 通读全文，领悟大意，理解文章结构层次及细节，特别注意以下几个方面

五个W （who, where, when, which, what）和一个H（how）以及其它特殊之处 数字，日期，时间等

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重庆戴氏教育培训沙坪坝总校 高中英语专项训练之阅读理解 教师：陶源

同位语，破折号，括号，省略号等

表示附加说明的词，如：by the way, besides, what’s more, in addition to, including, as well as 倒装句及加强语气的词，如above all, mainly, mostly, certainly, indeed… 2. 选用排除法排除与原文细节不符合的选项，剩下的就是最佳答案。 【了解分类，对症下药】

(1)直接信息题

直接信息题能直接从原文中找到信息，而且选项和原文在语言表述上也没有大的变化或有时候仅仅在表达方式上稍作转化。 【典例】 [2010·海南、宁夏]

The Birthplace is within easy walking distance of all the car parks shown on the map; nearest is Windsor Street(3 minutes’ walk).

The House may present difficulties but the Visitors’ Centre, its exhibition, and the garden are accessible(可进入的)to wheelchair user.

The Shakespeare Coffee House (opposite the Birthplace). ( )1.A wheelchair user may need help to enter ________. A．the House B．the garden

C．the Visitor’s Centre D．the exhibition hall

【规律技巧提炼】 在解这类题时，大家可以采取“题干定位法”，即“带着问题找答案”的方法。

(2)间接信息题

这类题目我们能够从文章中找到信息，但原文信息又不是解题所直接需要的，需要我们对原文信息进行合理地加工处理，根据信息作简单推理或鉴别。它是介于直接信息题和推理判断题之间的一种题型。 【典例】 To you，the most important decision you’ll make is to choose the school that really fits you best—not the one that is the most competitive(有竞争力的)or the one has the best equipped rooms.

( )1.The author thinks you should choose the college that is ________. A．well-equipped B．competitive C．suitable D．famous

(3)综合信息题

这类题目的信息不仅仅涉及文章的某一句话，还可能涉及文章的几句话，而且有时可能散落在文章的不同地方，因此要求考生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能“断章取义”，也不能张冠李戴。 【典例】 [2010·湖北]

Third, needing to be right, it doesn’t matter what the topic is—politics. The laws of physics or the proper way to break an egg—the point of these arguments is to prove that you are right and the other person is wrong, for both wish to be considered an authority—someone who actually knows something—and therefore to command respect. Unfortunately, as long as parents and teens continue to assume that they know more than the other, they’ll continue to fight these battles forever and never make any real progress.

( )1.Parents and teens want to be right because they want to ________. A．give orders to the other B．know more than the other

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重庆戴氏教育培训沙坪坝总校 高中英语专项训练之阅读理解 教师：陶源

C．gain respect from the other

D．get the other to behave properly

(破折号中间的内容均为插入语)将其省略，句子就会变得简单得多。又由于题干是对原因的提问，这里我们只重点看for后面的内容“both wish to be considered an authority and therefore to command respect”，故答案为C。

(4)是非辨别型。这是一类综合事实细节题，出题形式常常是“三正一误”(三项正确，只有一项不符合原文内容)或“三误一正”(三项错误，只有一项符合原文内容)。 【典例】 [2010·山东]

Christopher Thomas,27，was a writer by night and a teacher by day when he noticed he was always tired and was losing weight fast.Diagnosed with diabetes(糖尿病)，Thomas would need to inject himself with insulin(胰岛素) three times a day for the rest of his life or risk nerve damage，blindness and even death.

And if that weren’t bad enough，he had no health insurance.

After a month of feeling upset，Thomas decided he’d better find a way to fight back.He left Canton，Michigan for New York，got a job waiting tables，nicknamed himself the Diabetic Rockstar，and created diabeticrockstar.com，a free online community for diabetics and their loved ones—a place where over 1,100 people share personal stories，information and resources.

Jason Swencki’s son，Kody，was diagnosed with diabetes at six.Father and son visit the online children’s forums(论坛)together most evenings.“Kody gets so excited，writing to kids from all over，”says Swencki，one of the site’s volunteers.“They know what he’s going through，so he doesn’t feel alone.”

Kody is anything but alone：Diabetes is now the seventh leading cause of death in the United States，with 24 million diagnosed cases.And more people are being diagnosed at younger ages. These days，Thomas’s main focus is his charity(慈善机构)，Fight It，which provides medicines and supplies to people—225 to date —who can’t afford a diabetic’s huge expenses. Fightit.org has raised about $23,000—in products and in cash.In May，Thomas will hold the first annual Diabetic Rockstar Festival in the Caribbean.

Even with a staff of 22 volunteers，Thomas often devotes up to 50 hours a week to his cause，while still doing his fulltime job waiting tables.“Of the diabetes charities out there，most are putting money into finding a cure，”says Bentley Gubar，one of Rockstar’s original members.“But Christopher is the only person I know saying people need help now.” ( )1.Which of the following is true of Christopher Thomas? A．He needs to go to the doctor every day. B．He studies the leading cause of diabetes. C．He has a positive attitude to his disease.

D．He encourages diabetics by writing articles.

(5)事实排序题：这是一类运用多项事实进行排序的事实细节题，要求根据动作发生的先后顺序、时间顺序或者句子之间的逻辑关系，找出时间发生，发展的正确顺序。 【典例】

„A Russian lawyer yesterday said the country’s border guards repeatedly fired on and sank the fleeing Chinese cargo vessel off Russia’s coast on Sunday.

Alexander Selentsov, a law officer in Vladivostok city, told the Interfax News Agency the

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重庆戴氏教育培训沙坪坝总校 高中英语专项训练之阅读理解 教师：陶源

Russian border guards received orders from the Federal Security Service last weekend “to open fire”on New Star, the Chinese ship, to stop it from escaping Russia’s Nakhodka port. “The order was carried out after radio warnings.”he said.

Russian officials had preciously denied border guards had fired on the ship after local media reported the incident and said severe weather caused the sinking.

Vladivostok Daily News, the first newspaper to report that the ship was fired upon, said more than 500 rounds were shot at the ships bow and stern.

The Russian border guards watched the ship sink for nearly 24 hours, and made no response to the crewmen’s cries for help, the report said.

Sixteen sailors from New Star boarded two lifeboats, Russian crewmen saved one lifeboat. While the other, carrying seven Chinese and an Indonesian, was swallowed by waves. ( )1.Which is the right order of the ship sinking? a．New Star overturned and started sinking. b．One lifeboat was swallowed by waves. c．Russian warship fired upon New Star. d．Sailors boarded two life boats. A．a c b d B．b a c d C．c a d b D．d c a b

(6)数据计算题：要弄清数据间的逻辑关系，选准正确的数据进行计算，同时弄清单位之间的换算关系。

【典例】 [2010·海南、宁夏] Shakespeare’s Birthplace and Exhibition of Shakespeare’s World„

( )1.How much is the admission for a family of two grownups and two children? A．￡9.80 B．￡12.00 C．￡14.20 D．￡16.40

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重庆戴氏教育培训沙坪坝总校 高中英语专项训练之阅读理解 教师：陶源

题型探究 二. 主旨大意题

主旨大意题是高考阅读理解中不可缺少的阅读题型之一，而且难度比较大。细分起来，主要考查学生对文章的中心思想、作者的态度以及写作意图等的理解能力。 【命题形式】

1．考查文章的中心思想

The main idea/key point/central thought of this passage is that „ The passage is mainly about „

From the passage we can learn/conclude that „

Which of the following statements best expresses/describes the main idea of the passage? The author’s primary purpose is …

The major point discussed in the passage is … 2．考查文章标题的选择

The best title/headline for this passage is „ Which of the following is the best title?

What would be the best title for the text?

The title that best expresses the ideas of this passage is „

【解题策略】

1．抓住主题句，锁定文章主旨

找准主题句是关键。寻找主题句多采用浏览法(skimming)。如果是说明文，那多半主题句在文章开头(结构为总—分或总--分--总，其后可能有for example，first，second等信息词，也有采用归纳法即分—总结构的，可能有above all，all in all等信息词)。如果是记叙文，那主题句通常要读完后注意结尾的道理和启示（基本上都是分—总结构），利用这些信息词，可迅速找到主题句但多数的记叙文是无主题句的，需要读完全篇情节来归纳概括。一般来说，文章前三句所提供的信息能够让读者了解其大致内容。

2．抓住段落大意，概括中心思想

寻找整篇文章的中心思想不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。 【典例1】 [2010·四川] „

Candidates(申请人)will have experience of both management and research support/technical services. Knowledge of research operations and excellent communication skills are necessary. Education to degree level is also desirable. „

( )1.What does the paragraph mainly talk about? A．The technical skills of a wouldbe ROM.

B．The practical experience of a wouldbe ROM. C．The personal information of a wouldbe ROM.

D．The necessary requirements for a wouldbe ROM.

【典例2】 [2010·辽宁] Too much TV watching can harm children’s ability to learn and even reduce their chances of getting a college degree, new studies suggest in the latest effort to examine the effects of television on children.

One of the studies looked at nearly 400 northern California third graders. Those with TVs in their bedrooms scored about eight points lower on math and language arts tests than children

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重庆戴氏教育培训沙坪坝总校 高中英语专项训练之阅读理解 教师：陶源

without bedroom TVs.

A second study，looking at nearly 1,000 grownups in New Zealand, found lower education levels among 26yearolds who had watched lots of TV during childhood. But the results don’t prove that TV is the cause and don’t rule out that already poorly motivated youngsters (年轻人)may watch lots of TV. „

( )1.What would be the best title for this text? A．Computers or Television

B．Effects of Television on Children C．Studies on TV and College Education D．Television and Children’s Learning Habits 【规律技巧提炼】

新闻报道的第一段一般首先概括全文的中心，然后再详细叙述事件的发生、发展和结局，因此第一段就是全文的主题句。另外有些说明性或议论性文章也会开门见山地提出文章说明的中心或阐述的观点，等把一切问题都说透了，所有论据都摆全了，作者最后用一句话来概括全文，点明文章的中心，此种情况下文章的主题句出现在文章的最后。 【典例3】 [2010·重庆]

One morning more than thirty years ago, I entered the Track Kitchen, a restaurant where everyone from the humblest(卑微的)to the most powerful came for breakfast. I noticed an empty chair next to an elderly, unshaven man, who looked somewhat disheveled. He was wearing a wornout hat and was alone. I asked if I might join him. He agreed quietly and I sat down to have my breakfast.

We cautiously began a conversation and spoke about a wide rang of things. We never introduced ourselves. I was concerned that he might have no money and not be able to afford something to eat. So as I rose to go back to the counter and buy a second cup of coffee, I asked, “May I get you something？” “A coffee would be nice.”

Then I bought him a cup of coffee. We talked more, and he accepted another cup of coffee. Finally, I rose to leave, wished him well, and headed for the exit. At the door I met one of my friends. He asked, “How did you get to know Mr. Galbreath？”“Who？”

“The man you were sitting with. He is chairman of the Board of Churchill Downs.” I could hardly believe it. I was buying, offering a free breakfast, and feeling pity for one of the world’s richest and most powerful men!

My few minutes with Mr. Galbreath changed my life. Now I try to treat everyone with respect, no matter who I think they are, and no matter another human being with kindness and sincerity

( )1.What is the message mainly expressed in the story? A．We should learn to be generous.

B．It is honorable to help those in need.

C．People in high positions are not like what we expect. D．We should avoid judging people by their appearances. 【典例4】 [2010·江西]

Andy rode slowly on his way to school，daydreaming about the fishing trip that his father had promised him. He was so busy dreaming about all the fish he would catch that he was unaware of everything else around him.

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重庆戴氏教育培训沙坪坝总校 高中英语专项训练之阅读理解 教师：陶源

He rode along until a strange sound drew him to the present.He came to a stop and looked curiously up to the heavens.What he saw shocked and terrified him.A huge swarm of bees filled the sky like a black cloud and the buzzing mass seemed to be heading angrily towards him.

The last sting had landed him in hospital—and that was only one bee sting！He had been forced to stay in bed for two whole days. Suddenly，his father’s words came to him. “When you are in a tight situation，don’t panic. Use your brain and think your way out of it.”

On a nearby hill，he could see smoke waving slowly skywards from the chimney of the Nelson family home.“Bees don’t like smoke，”he thought.“They couldn’t get into the house.”Andy raced towards the Nelson house，but the bees were gaining ground.Andy knew he could not reach the house in time.He estimated that the bees would catch up with him soon. Suddenly，out of the corner of his eyes，he spotted a small dam used by Mr.Nelson to irrigate his vegetable garden. Off his bike and into the cool water he dived，disappearing below the surface and away from the savage insects. After holding his breath for as long as he could，Andy came up for air and noticed the bees had gone. Dragging himself out of the dam，he struggled up the hilly slope and rang the doorbell.Mr.Nelson took him inside and rang his mother. “You’ll really need that fishing break to help you recover，”laughed his mother with relief.“Thank goodness you didn’t panic！”But Andy did not hear her. He was dreaming once again of the fish he would catch tomorrow.

( )1.Which of the following can best describe Andy’s escape from the bees? A．No pains, no gains. B．Once bitten, twice shy.

C．Where there is a will, there is a way.

D．In time of danger, one’s mind works fast. 【规律技巧提炼】

阅读中最棘手的恐怕要数所选的短文出现无主题句的情况。如果没有主题句，考生可以采用提纲挈领法，通过分析细节把文章的要点归纳出来。尤其是记叙文，作者有时仅仅叙述事件所发生的时间或介绍人物，并不发表自己的观点，因此主题往往比较含蓄和隐蔽。这时可以回顾全文来概括文章的主旨，具体方法是： 1．判断出文章的主题究竟是指一个人、一个地方还是一件事情或者是某一事情的过程。总之，人、物、地点、思想或过程都可以成为文章的主题。

2．读完一篇短文后应有意识地回味一下文章的大致内容，理一理文章的脉络，体会一下段与段之间的内在联系，一般来说文章的中心就能概括出来，涉及文章大意主旨方面的题目自然会在头脑中由模糊变清晰。

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重庆戴氏教育培训沙坪坝总校 高中英语专项训练之阅读理解 教师：陶源

题型探究 三. 词义猜测题

词义推断可以是一个单词的意义推断，也可以是一个短语或句子的意义推断，既可以是生词意义，也可以是熟词新意，还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。 【命题形式】

1．The underlined words “ …… “ in paragraph 2 mean „

2．What does the underlined word “…… “ in the last paragraph refer to? 3．The underlined sentence in the second paragraph implies that „

4．Which of the definitions is closest in meaning to the word “……” in the third paragraph? 5．The underlined phrase “……” (paragraph 6) most probably mean „

6．By saying “……” (paragraph …)，the author means that „ 7. In line……, the word “……” can be replaced by……

8. In line ……, the author uses the phrase “……” to indicate……

【解题策略】

1．根据定义、解释或同位关系来猜测词义

句子中有些词其前或其后的文字中就有该词的定义或解释，我们可通过对其定义或解释的理解推测出它的词义。定义、解释多样，常用“to be defined as, to be called, that means, namely, refer to, that is (to say), in other words, namely”等词语预示着下文对前文的信息加以重复或解释。还有一些标点符号，如：冒号、破折号、括号等都表示后文要继续解释说明前文。

2．依据反义词和对比关系猜测词义

运用对比手法描述事物或现象是文章写作的一种常用的修辞手法。在这种修辞手法下，作者常借用一些信号词来提供相反信息，从而表明一个词与前面的另一个词互为反义。常用的信号词有：but/yet/however/nevertheless; while/whereas; otherwise/or else; unlike/instead/rather than; by contrast/compared to; on the contrary/on the other hand 等。

3．依据上下文猜测词义

运用上下文猜测词义是使用最广考查最多也最易失分的猜词方式。要求考生具备整合分散、复杂信息的能力，充分利用上下文中相关的词汇并结合具体的语境，从形式和内容上把握语言之间的内在联系，理顺语言之间的逻辑关系，进而达到猜词的目的。常见的逻辑关系有因果关系、同位关系、对比关系、转折关系等。

4. 利用构词法

学生必须掌握基本的语言和语法知识，尤其是三大构词法：派生，合成，转换，记住一些基本词根，前缀和后缀，用来猜词。

e.g. We were told that our room was the most spacious one in the hotel. That was why we had to pay so much for it.

词根为space:空间的意思，-ous是形容词后缀，所以猜测改词意思是____________.

【典例1】 Morning, noon, and night, her tongue was endlessly going, so that he was forced to escape to the outside of the house—the only side which, in truth, belongs to a henpecked_husband.

( )1.The underlined words “henpecked_husband” probably means a man who ________.

A．likes hunting B．is afraid of hens C．loves his wife D．is afraid of his wife

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重庆戴氏教育培训沙坪坝总校 高中英语专项训练之阅读理解 教师：陶源

【典例2】 [2010·辽宁] I hated dinner parties. But I decided to give them another shot because I’m in London. And my friend Mallery invited me. And because dinner parties in London are very different from those back in New York. There，“I’m having a dinner party”means：“I’m booking a table for 12 at a restaurant you can’t afford and we’ll be sharing the cheque evenly, no matter what you eat.”„

( )What does the word “shot” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Choice. B．Try. C．Style. D．Goal.

【典例3】 I had first known she was wrong, that her anxiety had clouded_her_judgment. ( )1.The underlined words “clouded_her_judgment” probably mean ________. A．made her less trustful toward the doctor B．put her in control of her own feelings C．made her less able to think clearly D．put her in a dangerous situation

【典例4】 [2010·江西]

However, what do we do with the time we have saved? Certainly not relax, or so it seems. We are so accustomed constant activity that we find it difficult to sit and do nothing, or even just one thing at a time. Perhaps the_days are long gone when we might listen quietly to a story on the radio, letting imagination take us into another world. ( )1.What does “the days” in paragraph refer to? A．Imaginary life.

B．Simple life in the past. C．Times of inventions.

D．Time for constant activity.

【典例5】 [2010·陕西]

When I first got an email account ten years ago, I received communications only from family, friends, and colleagues. Now it seems that every time I check my email, I have an endless series of advertisements and other correspondence that do not interest me at all. If we want email to continue to be useful, we need specific laws that make spamming(发送垃圾邮件)a crime. ( )1.What does the underlined word “correspondence” in paragraph probably mean? A．Messages. B．Ideas. C．Connections. D．Programs.

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重庆戴氏教育培训沙坪坝总校 高中英语专项训练之阅读理解 教师：陶源

题型探究 四. 推理判断题

推理判断试题属于高层次阅读理解题。推理判断题常常可以分为如下几类：(1)细节推断。如时间、地点、人物关系等；(2)逻辑推断。根据已知的结果推断导致结果产生的可能原因；(3)目的、意图、态度推断。根据文章的论述，推断作者的写作目的以及作者情感态度；(4)预测想象推断。文章没有明确说明，要求根据语篇对文章可能涉及的内容进行预测判断。

【命题形式】

1．It can be inferred/ learned/ concluded from the passage (or the paragraph)that„ 2．Which of the following can be3 inferred/learned/concluded?

3． The passage implies/suggests that…

4．Where would you most probably find in this passage?

5. What can be talked about next?

6．What would the author most likely continue to talk about in the next paragraph(s)? 7. The paragraph preceding/before this selection probably discuss…

8. Which of the following has most probably been discussed in the paragraph that goes before the passage?

9．What is the author’s main purpose in this passage?

10. The writer’s purpose in writing this story is „

【解题策略】

1．推测上下文的内容

(1)要求推测下文内容时：关注最后一段的内容，尤其是最后的两三句话，根据作者的思路进行推理。

(2)要求推测上文内容时：关注第一段，特别是文段开始的几句话。 2．根据事实细节，推断合理信息

推理判断题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，作出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。既不能作出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能直接在原文中找现成答案（那就不是推断了！）。也就是说，要做到判断有据， 推论有理， 忠实原文。切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意，切忌以偏概全，得出片面结论。 3．推断作者的观点

应当全面理解文章的内容及文章的中心思想，注意能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子。

4．推测写作目的

不同的文章可能有不同的写作目的， 但写作目的通常有以下三种：

(1)娱乐读者，让人发笑(to entertain readers)，常见于故事类的文章。

(2)说服读者接受某种观点(to persuade readers)或购买，消费某种产品，常见于广告类的文章。

(3)告知读者某些信息(to inform readers)，多见于科普类﹑新闻报道类﹑文化类或社会类的文章。

【典例1】 [2010·浙江]

My family and I lived across the street from Southway Park since I was four years old.Then just last year the city put a chain link fence around the park and started bulldozing (用推土机推平) the trees and grass to make way for a new apartment complex. When I saw the fence and

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重庆戴氏教育培训沙坪坝总校 高中英语专项训练之阅读理解 教师：陶源

bulldozers，I asked myself，“Why don’t they just leave it alone？”

Looking back，I think what sentenced the park to oblivion (被遗忘) was the drought (旱灾) we had about four years ago.Up until then，Southway Park was a nice green park with plenty of trees and a public swimming pool.My friends and I rollerskated on the sidewalks，climbed the trees，and swam in the pool all the years I was growing up.The park was almost like my own yard.Then the summer I was fifteen the drought came and things changed

There had been almost no rain at all that year.The city stopped watering the park grass.Within a few weeks I found myself living across the street from a huge brown desert.Leaves fell off the park trees，and pretty soon the trees started dying，too.Next，the park swimming pool was closed.The city cut down on the work force that kept the park，and pretty soon it just got too ugly and dirty to enjoy anymore.

As the drought lasted into the fall，the park got worse every month. The rubbish piled up or blew across the brown grass.Soon the only people in the park were beggars and other people down on their luck.People said drugs were being sold or traded there now.The park had gotten scary，and my mother told us kids not to go there anymore.

The drought finally ended and things seemed to get back to normal，that is，everything but the park.It had gotten into such bad shape that the city just let it stay that way.Then about six months ago I heard that the city was going to “redevelop” certain wornout areas of the city.It turned out that the city had planned to get rid of the park，sell the land and let someone build rows of apartment buildings on it.

The chainlink fencing and the bulldozers did their work.Now we live across the street from six rows of apartment buildings.Each of them is three units high and stretches a block in each direction.The neighborhood has changed without the park.The streets I used to play in are jammed with cars now.Things will never be the same again.Sometimes_I_wonder，though，what_changes_another_drought_would_make_in_the_way_things_are today. ( ) 1.How did the writer feel when he saw the fence and bulldozers? A．Scared. B．Confused. C．Upset. D．Curious.

( ) 2.Why was the writer told not to go to the park by his mother? A．It was being rebuilt. B．It was dangerous. C．It became crowded.

D．It had turned into a desert.

( )3.According to the writer, what eventually brought about the disappearance of the park? A．The drought. B．The crime.

C．The beggars and the rubbish.

D．The decisions of the city.

( )4.The last sentence of the passage implies that if another drought came, ________. A．the situation would be much worse B．people would have to desert their homes

C．the city would be fully prepared in advance

D．the city would have to redevelop the neighborhood

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重庆戴氏教育培训沙坪坝总校 高中英语专项训练之阅读理解 教师：陶源

【典例2】 [2010·四川]

Alex London Research Laboratory (ALRL) is part of Alex Co.，Ltd.，a major Australian medicine making company. Opened in 1992，ALRL specialises in the development of new medicines for the treatment of heart diseases.

A position is now open for a Research Operations Manager (ROM) to support our growing research team at the new laboratories in Hatfield，due to open in the autumn of 2010.

Reporting to the Director，you will help set up and run the technical and scientific support services of our new laboratories now under construction.You will be expected to provide expert knowledge about and be in charge of all areas of ALRL’s Health and Safety，and to communicate (沟通) with support employees at ALRL’s laboratories based at University College London.Working closely with scientists and other operations and technical employees，you will manage a small number of research support employees providing services to help with the research activities to be carried out at the new laboratories.

Candidates(申请人) will have experience of both management and research support/technical services.Knowledge of research operations and excellent communication skills are necessary. Education to degree level is also desirable.

If you are interested in this position，please send your CV (简历) to Alex London Research Laboratory，University College London，Hatfield，London，W1E 6B7 or by email to ALRL@ alex.co.uk.For more information，please visit www.alex.co.uk. ( )1.What is the purpose of the text? A．To describe the job of a ROM.

B．To provide information about ALRL. C．To announce an open position at ALRL.

D．To make known the opening of the new laboratories.

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