备 注1 The people in the podcast mainly talk about how well they know their neighbors and what makes a good neighbor and a bad neighbor. They also talk about the best or worst neighbor they’ve ever had. 讲 稿 讲 稿 内 容 right times but not being intrusive. W3: A good neighbor would be someone who’s considerate; um, who always keeps in mind that … they do have neighbors – whether it be noise or trash, just keeping up their property, making it a nice place that people will want to come home to. M1: Someone who you can trust and doesn’t cause you any grief. Part 4 V: What about a bad neighbor? W1: A bad neighbor is someone that forgets that you exist as well, and has loud music until 6 a.m. M2: Not respecting privacy, intruding; um, not understanding what your neighbor wants and not just in that sense, but in the sense of not participating, not doing things when a neighbor needs help. W3: Someone who is not considerate, who, whether it’s a lot of noise or a lot of trash, doesn’t upkeep their property, um, who’s not really friendly. Part 5 V: Tell me about the best or worst neighbor you’ve ever had. W3: Um, she was a lady who lived above me and she was very quiet, very nice. She would oftentimes come and, kinda, check on me, see if I’m OK, so we would kind of chit-chat, so I got to know her pretty well, which was pretty nice. W2: The worst neighbor I’ve ever had lived next door to me er, in the last house I was in, er, and he was just very noisy all the time, day, day and night. You were constantly, constantly aware of him. M2: One night I was um, about eight o’clock, I heard a noise outside and I opened the windows and a loud voice said, “Get down, crouch down.” And it was clearly a policeman, um, and I had to stay crouched down and in my garden at the back three policemen shot in and shot over the wall and it turned out that I was living next to the “number two” in the main criminal gang in North London – and they were arrested and taken away. II. Sharing
备 注2 讲 稿 讲 稿 内 容 Look at the picture and answer the questions 1 News site 2 Travel site 3 Social networking site 4 Dating site 5 Rating site 6 Corporate website 7 Blog 8 Wiki 9 Search engine Discuss the questions Which of these websites do you use regularly? Which do you use occasionally? Which do you never use? The websites I use regularly include search engines, news sites, blogs, Wiki and social networking sites. I use these websites almost every day to get information I need and share things about myself. As to the types of websites such as photo sharing websites and travel sites, I only visit them occasionally. The websites I never use include rating sites, dating sites, and corporate websites. Distinguishing fact from opinion Firstly, determine if the information can be proved. At the beginning, ask questions like Who? What? When? Where? Why? and How?. If you can get answers from the information you hear, it probably contains facts. Then, determine if the statements can be checked and verified to be true. I saw a science-fiction movie last night about aliens invading the earth. (fact) The truth of the matter is that frozen foods are just as good-tasting as fresh foods are. (opinion) Distinguishing fact from opinion Secondly, pay attention to the signal words indicating opinions. Some expressions can change a statement from a fact to an opinion. Such expressions as I think that ..., I believe that ..., and In my judgment ... are clear signals that the speaker is about to give an opinion. Yesterday’s high temperature reached 98 degrees Fahrenheit. (fact) In my judgment, yesterday’s high temperature reached 98 degrees
备 注3 讲 稿 讲 稿 内 容 Fahrenheit. (opinion) Jackie walked to the store yesterday. (fact) I believe that Jackie walked to the store yesterday. (opinion) Thirdly, identify “loaded” words. Loaded words are words that contain an emotional appeal, such as exciting, beautiful, boring, and extremely. These descriptive words signal an opinion because they indicate the speaker’s personal point of view. Abraham Lincoln was the16th president of the United States. (fact) 备 注4 Abraham Lincoln was the greatest president of the United States. (opinion) IV. Conclusion and homework 1. Group Discussion 2. Supplementary Listening 3. Oral Report References: 1. 郑树棠 《新视野大学英语 视听说教程》(第三版) 第三册 外语教学与研究出版社，2015 2. 郑树棠 《新视野大学英语 视听说教程》(第三版) 第三册 外语教学与研究出版社，2015 3．新东方考试研究中心 《大学英语四级听力特训 》 浙江教育出版社，2011 4．《英汉多功能词典》外语教学与研究出版社，2008 讲 稿 讲 稿 内 容 Unit Three Love your neighbor (2) I. Checking homework Oral presentation: What do you think are the similarities and differences between an online community and a real community? (I think there are similarities as well as differences between an online community and a real community. On the one hand, an online community is just similar to a real community in sharing and discussing. On the other hand, there are also many clear differences. For Example, … ) II. Warming-up activities 1. What are the benefits of online communities? Online communities provide another chance for people to communicate with each other. They do things without going out, and this saves time, money, energy and natural resources. Furthermore, through online communities, people can sometimes do what they can’t do in real communities. For example, a guy who may be shy and quiet in the eyes of his friends and families may become open and talkative in online communities. 2. What are the possible dangers or problems if people spend a lot of time in online communities? If people spend a lot of time in online communities, they will be greatly affected physically, mentally and emotionally. They may become inactive, slow in memorizing things, as well as addicted to the Internet and confuse the online communities with the real ones, thus having difficulties in communicating with other people around them. III. Speaking for communication A. Role-play Scripts W = Woman; M = Man M: OK, so, tell me all about it … W: Well, in the beginning, I was at home, and … um … this was just one morning before a very important interview.
备 注5 讲 稿 讲 稿 内 容 M: Uh-huh. W: And … um … I didn’t feel well, so my mother had given me some pills, and um … and then I didn’t think anything more about it. So, anyway, um … I then got on to the tube, um … to go for my interview. M: Right, and what happened then? W: Well, um … clearly I must have fallen asleep, because I wasn’t feeling great by this time. And um, I’m starting to feel sleepy, so I’m thinking I must have fallen asleep. Anyway, um, I was getting some funny looks, even before I fell asleep, but anyway, I fell asleep, and then I realized, um, before long, um, I must have been having a dream, I suppose, about my mother. Um, all of a sudden, I’ve woken up, but I haven’t just woken up, I’ve woken up shouting the word, “Mum!”. M: No! You’re joking! W: At the top of my voice, in a packed, quiet tube. M: Oh no! W: Yes, and everybody’s staring at me, and that did not help, er, matters. Anyway, I’ve got off the tube, and I’ve then arrived at my interview, put all that behind me, I’m not, still not feeling 100 percent perfect, um, but nevertheless arrived at my interview on time, and go in, and think, actually “This is going rather well. They’re not saying an awful lot…” and come to think of it, they’re looking at me in a rather strange way. M: Right … Then what? W: Well, the next thing I knew, I have left the interview, and said “Thank you very much for seeing me, blah-di-blah …” and gone to the ladies’ room. And there in the mirror, I could see what everybody was looking at, and why they couldn’t say anything. M: What was it? W: My face had swollen up! M: Ah! No way! W: And it was bright red … M: No! W: And covered in blotches, spots … M: Oh! You’re kidding! W: Yes, and the pills that my mother had given me were so out-of-date that they had caused an allergic reaction …
备 注6 讲 稿 讲 稿 内 容 M: Oh! How embarrassing! W: I know. B. Group discussion Scripts B = Ben Jacques; S = Sharon Hills B: So Sharon, um, imagine you had to start a brand-new community. Er… S: Yes? B: I know it’s a difficult question, but ideally where would it be? S: Um, I’d probably choose somewhere quite warm, um, so yeah, so you didn’t have any issues of flooding, or you know, um, too much snow to deal with, something like that. And then I’d choose um, another place that most people would probably choose, not an island … um … B: Where, where … where exactly? S: But, I think, hmm … somewhere in France, I don’t know why. B: Oh somewhere in France? OK and, and who would be there: the French only or a mixture of people? S: No, I … well, it would need to be a, a mix of people and they’d need to be able to help one another. So … B: In what way? S: Well, um … I’d like to take one person who’s an expert in one field, another person who’s an expert in another field, so you have, you know, arty people, um, manually skilled people, um, good orators, good writers … B: Ah, so a whole range of skills … S: Exactly! B: …all going into the melting pot. S: Yes, but, um, I wouldn’t have too many people to start with, although if it’s too small a group then I suppose you risk, um, falling out. But I think if you keep that group fairly small to begin with, then you can draw up your own special laws, um, you know, to govern yourselves. B: Would it, would it need laws do you think … this, this utopian society? S: Hmm … well, ideally there’d be no laws but because people are human, I think you would probably have to still come up with some ground rules, yes. 备 注7 讲 稿 讲 稿 内 容 B: What would be the most important one? S: Oh! Um, I think, um … not to physically hurt somebody else, I suppose. B: Right, so pretty much like we have at the minute … S: Yes, I suppose … IV. Conclusion and homework 1. Group Discussion 2. Supplementary Listening 3. Oral Report References: 1. 郑树棠 《新视野大学英语 视听说教程》(第三版) 第三册 外语教学与研究出版社，2015 2. 郑树棠 《新视野大学英语 视听说教程》(第三版) 第三册 外语教学与研究出版社，2015 3．新东方考试研究中心 《大学英语四级听力特训 》 浙江教育出版社，2011 4．《英汉多功能词典》外语教学与研究出版社，2008 备 注8 讲 稿 讲 稿 内 容 Unit Three Love your neighbor (3) I. Checking homework II. Further practice in listening Short conversations 1 Q: What are the speakers doing? D They are discussing their curriculum schedules. 2 Q: What do we know about the Christmas party last year? B It was not well-organized. 3 Q: What is the man supposed to do now according to the conversation? C Look after the woman’s children. 4 Q: What does the woman think of her new neighbor? B She thinks he is always very frank. 5 Q: What is the man going to do this weekend? C He is going to help Mr. Smith move to a new house. Long conversations Q1: Why is the woman asking for two weeks off from work? C Because she wants to volunteer for an organization. Q2: Which of the following statements is true? B Over 150,000 volunteers worked for the building of houses after the hurricane. Q3: According to the woman, why is she willing to volunteer for Habitat for Humanity? C Because she enjoys developing friendships and building communities through volunteer work. Q4: What do we know about the man from the conversation? B He finally agreed to let the woman take 14 days off. Additional Notes Habitat for Humanity : an international, non-profit, non-governmental housing organization which builds simple, decent, affordable housing in partnership with people in need. It was founded in 1976 by Millard and Linda Fuller and has become a true world leader in addressing the issues of poverty housing. New Orleans a major US port and the largest city in the state of Louisiana in the southern US, next to the Mississippi River. It was originally a French city,
备 注9 讲 稿 讲 稿 内 容 and its style of cooking, old buildings, and traditions were influenced by French culture. Many people consider New Orleans as the place where jazz music was originally developed. Passage 1 Q1: What question did the research group try to find an answer to? B How well do people know their neighbors? Q2: Which age group is more likely to know their neighbors? D 55 - to 64-year-olds. Q3: Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? C Women are more likely to know their neighbors than men. Q4: What do the website’s comments mentioned at the end of the passage imply? Passage 2 1) illegal 2) taking family vacations 3) acquaintances 4) throwing a party 5) verbal 6) tolerant 7) intervene 8) splits the difference 9) resolve 10) talk it out III. Language use in public speaking In public speaking, it is important that you communicate your ideas to the audience in an easy-to-follow and interesting way. To do so, you should use: clear, specific and simple language Clarity, specificity and simplicity of your speech mainly concern the choice of words and sentence structures. Simpler words and shorter sentences enables the audience to follow the speaker with little difficulty. vivid language Vividness of your speech can be achieved through the use of rhetorical devices, or figures of speech. By using some rhetorical techniques, speakers can attract and keep the listeners’ attention, and their speech will be more forceful, more vivid, and more pleasant to listen to. Read and decide which one in each pair is more effective when used in a speech. 1 B: Compared with Sentence A, Sentence B is more specific since it states the name of the position that the
备 注10 讲 稿 讲 稿 内 容 speaker is running for. 2 A: Sentence A is more vivid than Sentence B because of the use of parallelism. It contains three similar structures, all starting with a question word (i.e. “why”, “what”, and “how”). This makes the sentence more powerful and persuasive. 3. B: The language in Sentence B is simpler and more concrete (e.g. “set up”, “sports and reading programs”, and “elementary school pupils”). 4. A: Sentence A has shorter and simpler sentence structures than Sentence B, and hence it expresses the speaker’s meaning more clearly. Discuss what rhetorical devices are used in the following sentences. 1. Repetition. The speaker uses “you want to make sure ...” twice. 2. Parallelism. In this sentence, the three noun phrases after “become” are parallel, with a structure of “article + adjective + noun + prepositional phrase”. 3 Metaphor. Metaphor is used in the beginning part of the sentence, i.e. “our community is our home”, where “community” is compared to “home”. IV. Conclusion and homework 1. Group Discussion 2. Supplementary Listening 3. Oral Report References: 1. 郑树棠 《新视野大学英语 视听说教程》(第三版) 第三册 外语教学与研究出版社，2015 2. 郑树棠 《新视野大学英语 视听说教程》(第三版) 第三册 外语教学与研究出版社，2015 3．新东方考试研究中心 《大学英语四级听力特训 》 浙江教育出版社，2011 4．《英汉多功能词典》外语教学与研究出版社，2008
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