2017年汕头大学624基础英语考研真题 (总分150, 做题时间180分钟) Vocabulary and structure Part A
Multiple choice of vocabulary. 1.
His dominant ________ was to take all things into earnest consideration.
SSS_SINGLE_SEL A trait B trail C trace
D track
该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 1 答案:A
句意：他性格中最主要的特点是对一切事物都要进行认真思考。trait特性，特点。trail小径；痕迹。trace痕迹，踪迹。track轨道；足迹。因此，本题的正确答案为A。 2.
My aunt tried her best to ________ the situation, but the damage was already done.
SSS_SINGLE_SEL A adjust B regulate C rectify
D
amend
该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 1 答案:C
句意：我婶婶尽她最大努力去改变现状，但是损失已经造成了。rectify矫正；改正。adjust调整，校准。regulate调节，规定。amend修订，修改。因此，本题的正确答案为C。 3.
Just months after entering politics, he finds he has been under ________ by a dogged justice system.
SSS_SINGLE_SEL A sanity B scarcity C scrutiny
D serenity
该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 1 答案:C
句意：进入政界几个月后，他就发现自己已经处于司法系统的监督下了。scrutiny详细审查；监视。sanity明智；头脑清楚。scarcity不足；缺乏。serenity平静，宁静。因此，本题的正确答案为C。 4.
The attendants who are ________ managed to cope with me without being able to speak English.
SSS_SINGLE_SEL A promising B appealing C pleasing D obliging
该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 1 答案:D
句意：服务员招待周到。他们不会讲英语，可是也想方设法解决我的问题。obliging乐于助人的； 有礼貌的。promising有希望的，有前途的。
appealing吸引人的；动人的。pleasing令人愉快的；讨人喜欢的。因此，本题的正确答案为D。 5.
The boxer got ________ and fell down when his opponent gave him the final blow.
SSS_SINGLE_SEL A staggered B stamped C scattered
D shattered
该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 1 答案:A
句意：这个拳击手踉踉跄跄，在对手给了最后一拳后倒下了。stagger蹒跚；犹豫。stamp铭记；标出。scatter分散，散开。shatter粉碎；打碎。因此，本题的正确答案为A。 Part B
Choose one word to complete each of the following sentences: A. abhor B. abdicate C. averse D. absconded E. avert
SSS_SINGLE_SEL Congressman Riley did not retire from office willingly. He was forced to ________ by his involvement in political scandal.
A B C D E 该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 7.5 答案:B
句意：众议院议员赖利辞职并非出于自愿，而是受政治丑闻的牵连而被迫辞职的。abdicate正式(或 公开、自愿)放弃(权力、权利、要求、职责、责任等)。
SSS_SINGLE_SEL Police also raided Pablo's house in East L.A., but found nothing. Apparently the drug lord had ________ to Mexico, where he usually runs and hides.
A B C D E 该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 0 答案:D
句意：警察也突袭搜查了巴勃罗在洛杉矶东部的家，但没有发现什么。很明显，这个毒枭已经逃离 了这座城市，他很有可能逃到了他常去的藏身之处墨西哥。abscond逃匿，潜逃。
SSS_SINGLE_SEL You don't want to grow old and fat, yet you aren't willing to put forth the effort to ________ it by exercising and eating less. Talk alone won't change anything.
A B C D E 该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 0 答案:E
句意：你总想避免变老和发胖，但却不愿意通过努力做运动和减少饮食来防止这一切。光说是不起 任何作用的。avert避免，防止。
SSS_SINGLE_SEL There is only one kind of person I absolutely cannot stand: I ________ a man who takes advantage of my kindness. A B C D E 该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 0 答案:A
句意：有一种人我绝对无法忍受：我极度厌恶利用我的善良的人。abhor痛恨，憎恶。
SSS_SINGLE_SEL I'm shocked that Green Peace has not objected to NASA's proposal to deposit nuclear wastes on the moon. Are they only ________ to pollution on Earth?
A B C D E 该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 0 答案:D
句意：世界绿色和平组织居然没有对美国国家航空航天局要将核废弃物放在月球上的提案提出反对 意见，对此我感到震惊。难道他们不反对地球上的污染吗？averse反对的；相反的。be averse to为固定短 语，意为“反对的；相反的”。 Part C
Multiple choice of syntactic knowledge:
11.
Which of the following sentences has an **plement?
SSS_SINGLE_SEL A
The directors appointed John manager. B
I gave Mary a Christmas present. C
You have done Peter a big favor. D
She is teaching children English.
该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 1.5 答案:A
题干的意思是：下列哪个句子中有宾语补足语。选项A中含有宾语补足语：主语为“The directors”， 谓语为“appointed”，宾语为“John”，宾语补足语为“manager”。另外三个句子都是属于双宾结构。因此，本 题的正确答案为A。 12.
Which of the following sentences contains an appositive clause?
SSS_SINGLE_SEL A A survey was carried out on the death rate of new-born babies in that region, the results of which were surprising. B
The day that was important to Helen finally came.
C
Word came that the newly-elected president will visit our country. D
It is well known that China has the largest population in the world. 该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 1.5 答案:C
题干的意思是：下列哪个句子中有同位语从句。选项C中that引导的部分为word的同位语从句，意为“新当选的总统将访问我们国家，这个消息传来了。”选项A中包含的是非限制性定语从句。选项B中 that 引导的部分充当的是the day的定语。选项D中it作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的部分。因此，本题的正确答案为C。 13.
In the sentence “It's no use waiting for her”, the italicized part is ________.
SSS_SINGLE_SEL A the object B
an adverbial C
a complement
D
the subject
该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 1.5 答案:D
It在句中是形式主语，真正的主语是“waiting for her”，也就是“Waiting for her is no use.”。因此，本题的正确答案为D。 14.
Which of the following sentences has a correct nominative absolute construction?
SSS_SINGLE_SEL A His homework finished, the boy went to play football with his friends.
B
Weather permits, we can go picnic next week. C
Having lost his key, he couldn't enter his room.
D
Your being right doesn't necessarily mean my being wrong. 该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 1.5 答案:A
题干的意思是：下列哪个句子中有正确的独立主格结构。选项A是正确的表示时间的独立主格结 构。选项B错在“permits”，应改为“weather
permitting”。选项C和选项D不涉及独立主格结构。因此，本题的正确答案为A。 15.
Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?
SSS_SINGLE_SEL A He is a Chinese tall intelligent young officer. B
There are a few new major urban highways. C
She is wearing a pretty pink woolen sweater. D
He stands on a beautiful little white stone bridge. 该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 1.5 答案:A
本题考查的是前置形容词的排列顺序。名词前带有多个形容词作前置定语时，形容词排列顺序如 下：一般描述性形容词、表示大小的形容词、表示形状的形容词、表示新旧、年龄的形容词、表示颜色的 形容词、表示类属的形容词、表示国籍的形容词、表示材料的形容词。选项A的正确顺序应该是“He is a tall intelligent young Chinese officer.”因此，本题的正确答案为A。
Reading Comprehension
Read the following passages and choose the best answer to each question. Passage 1
Smartphones may soon displace some of the estimated 1 billion credit and debit cards in American wallets. AT&T (T), Verizon Wireless, and T-Mobile are planning a venture to develop a mobile payment system that works with smartphones, posing a new threat to Visa (V) and
MasterCard (MA), three people with direct knowledge of the plan say. The partners aim to test the system at stores in Atlanta and three other US cities, the people say, though they didn't provide a
timetable. The trial would be the carriers' biggest effort to spur mobile payments in the US. “This is definitely a game changer,” says industry consultant Richard Crone. Mobile carriers “are the biggest recurring billers in every market. They are experts at processing payments”.
While the technical details are sketchy, the service would let customers make purchases by holding a smartphone in front of an electronic reader in stores. Transactions would be processed by Discover Financial Services (DFS), the fourth biggest payments network in the US behind Visa, MasterCard, and American Express (AXP). London-based Barclays (BCS) would help manage the accounts, say the people, who requested anonymity because of confidentiality agreements. Representatives for the carriers, Barclays, and Discover declined to comment.
Retailers may be eager to support a rival network after years of tussling with Visa and MasterCard over transaction fees. “We have long argued that **petition is missing from today's payments market,” says Brian Dodge of the Retail Industry Leaders Assn., which represents merchants such as Walmart (WMT), Home Depot (HD), and Target (TGT). “A secure and **peting network that...reduces retailers' costs would be welcomed news.”
Visa and MasterCard are benefitting as people abandon cash and paper checks for cards and electronic payments, which account for more than half of US consumer purchases last year, compared with 36 percent in 2003, according to The Nilson Report, an industry newsletter. Visa and MasterCard accounted for $2.45 trillion, or 79 percent, of $3.1 trillion in US consumer spending last year on credit and debit cards. More than half of US consumers, and almost 80 percent of those
between the aged of 18 and 34, will use mobile financial services
within five years according to Mercatus, a consulting firm in Boston. Any new payment system may face barriers that prevent the technology from taking hold quickly in the US, the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston said in a May policy paper. Consumers won't demand mobile payments “until they know that enough merchants accept them, and merchants will not implement the technology until a critical mass of consumers justifies the cost of doing so,” the report said. Merchants would have to spend an estimated $200 per electronic reader, and updating mobile phones with embedded microchips would increase manufacturing costs by $10 to $15 per handset, according to the Boston Fed. That may be worth the money if accepting mobile payments allows retailers to send rewards and information about promotions to their customers' phones at checkout.
SSS_SINGLE_SEL What can we learn about the mobile payment plan? A
It's only available at stores in Atlanta. B
It's a new threat to credit and debit cards. C
It's sponsored by Visa and MasterCard. D
It means more discounts for mobile carriers. 该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 10 答案:B
文章第一段第一句提到“Smartphones may soon displace some of the
estimated 1 billion credit and debit cards in American wallets.”。智能手机可能很快取代美国钱包中的约10亿张信用卡和借记卡。也就是移动支 付是信用卡和借记卡新的威胁。因此选B。
SSS_SINGLE_SEL Which of the following is true about Barclays? A
It's a payments network in the US.
B
It requires anonymity from the carriers. C
It offers free electronic reader to stores. D
It will assist DFS with the accounts. 该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 0 答案:D
根据文章第二段第二句和第三句可知，DFS会处理交易。而Barclays会帮助算账。也就是Barclays会在 账目方面协助DFS。因此选D。
SSS_SINGLE_SEL According to the passage, Brian Dodge ________. A
is a supporter of Visa and MasterCard B
benefits a lot from transaction fees C
holds an identical view with the retailers
D
hopes to sustain the existing payments market 该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 0 答案:C
由文章第三段第二句“We have long argued that **petition is missing from today's payments market,” says Brian Dodge of the Retail Industry Leaders Assn., which represents merchants such as Walmart (WMT), Home Depot (HD), and Target (TGT).”可知，恩·道奇一直认为今天的支付市场由于被垄断已经没有真正的竞 争了。而他的想法代表了沃尔玛、家得宝和塔吉特等店主。即恩·道奇和零售商们持同样的观点。因此选 C。
SSS_SINGLE_SEL During last year, the cards and electronic payments in the US ________.
A
attracted more than half of US young consumers B
accounted for more than half of consumer purchases
C
took up 79 percent of the whole consumer spending D
had increased about 36 **pared with 2003 该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 0 答案:B
文章第四段第一句提到“Visa and MasterCard are benefitting as people abandon cash and paper checks for cards and electronic payments, which account for more than half of US consumer purchases last
year…”。信用卡 巨头维萨和万事达在人们抛弃现金和纸质支票，转而使用信用卡和电子支付方式后，他们很受益，因为信 用卡和电子支付方式占到了消费品购买的一半多。因此选B。
SSS_SINGLE_SEL Which of the following can be the best title of the passage? A
The May Policy Paper of the Boston Fed B
The Nilson Report on US Consumer Purchases C
The Convenience of Credit and Debit Cards D
Smartphones May Soon Replace Credit Cards 该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 0 答案:D
文章第一段第几句就提到了本文的中心思想智能手机可能很快取代美国钱包中的约10亿张信用卡和借 记卡，并且还将发展一个用手机支付的移动支付系统。第三段提到零售商们会欢迎一种安全可信赖的可以 减少其成本的支付方式，也就是移动支付。第四段最后一句提到经预计，百分之八十的十八岁至三十四岁 的未来五年都会使用移动支付。因此这篇文章最好的标题应该是手机将可能取代信用卡。因此选D。 Passage 2
As Gilbert White, Darwin, and others observed long ago, all species appear to have the innate capacity to increase their numbers from generation to generation. The task for ecologists is to untangle the environmental and biological factors that hold this intrinsic
capacity for population growth in check over the long run. The great variety of dynamic behaviors exhibited by different populations makes
this task more difficult: some populations remain roughly constant from year to year; others exhibit regular cycles of abundance and scarcity; still others vary wildly, with outbreaks and crashes that are in some cases plainly correlated with the weather, and in other cases not.
To impose some order on this kaleidoscope of patterns, one school of thought proposes dividing populations into two groups. These ecologists posit that the relatively steady populations have
“density-dependent” growth parameters; that is, rates of birth, death, and migration which depend strongly on population density. The highly varying populations have “density-independent” growth
parameters, with vital rates buffeted by environmental events; these rates fluctuate in a way that is wholly independent of population density.
This dichotomy has its uses, but it can cause problems if taken too literally. For one thing, no population can be driven entirely by density-independent factors all the time. No matter how severely or unpredictably birth, death and migration rates may be fluctuating around their long-term averages, if there were no density-dependent effects, the population would, in the long run, either increase or decrease without bound (barring a miracle by which gains and losses canceled exactly). Put another way, it may be that on average 99
percent of all deaths in a population arise from density-independent causes, and only one percent from factors varying with density. The factors making up the one percent may seem unimportant, and their cause may be correspondingly hard to determine. Yet whether
recognized or not, they will usually determine the long-term average population density.
In order to understand the nature of the ecologist's investigation, we may think of the density-dependent effects on growth parameters as the “signal” ecologists are trying to isolate and interpret, one that tends to make the population increase from relatively low values or decrease from relatively high ones, while the density-independent effects act to produce “noise” in the population dynamics. For
populations that remain relatively constant, or that oscillate around repeated cycles, the signal can be fairly easily characterized and its effects described, even though the causative biological mechanism may remain unknown. For irregularly fluctuating populations, we are likely to have too few observations to have any hope of extracting the signal from the overwhelming noise. But it now seems clear that all populations are regulated by a mixture of density-dependent and density-independent effects in varying proportions.
SSS_SINGLE_SEL The author of the passage is primarily concerned with ________. A
describing how growth rates in natural populations fluctuate over time and explaining why these changes occur.
B
proposing a hypothesis concerning population sizes and suggesting ways to test it.
C
discussing two categories of factors that control population growth and assessing their relative importance.
D
refuting a commonly accepted theory about population density and offering a new alternative.
该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 10 答案:C
文章第二段第一句提到“To impose some order on this kaleidoscope of patterns, one school of thought proposes dividing populations into two groups.”。为了找寻这些千变万化模式中的规律，一种说法是将其分为 两种不同的成长参数。第三段和第四段阐述了两种成长参数的重要性。因此文章作者主要讨论了控制数量 增长的两种类型的因素以及评估它们的重要性。因此选C。
SSS_SINGLE_SEL According to the passage, which of the following behaviors has been exhibited by different populations?
A
Unchecked increases in numbers over many generations. B
Regular cycles of increases and decreases in numbers. C
Erratic decreases in numbers correlated with the weather. D
Sudden declines in numbers at all time. 该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 0 答案:B
由文章第一段第三句“The great variety of dynamic behaviors exhibited by different populations makes this task more difficult: some populations …others exhibit regular cycles of abundance and
scarcity” 可知，一些物种 数量的增长和减少呈现出有规律的周期。因此选B。
SSS_SINGLE_SEL The author considers the dichotomy discussed in the second paragraph to be ________.
A
useful, but only if its limitations are recognized B
applicable only to erratically fluctuating populations C
dangerously misleading in most circumstances
D
a complete and sufficient way to account for observed phenomena 该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 0 答案:A
根据文章第三段第一句“This dichotomy has its uses, but it can cause problems if taken too literally.”可知， 这种两分法是有用的，但是完全照字面理解的话会造成问题。也就是说只有意识到两分法的局限性所在， 它才是有用的。因此选A。
SSS_SINGLE_SEL Which of the following statements can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A
For irregularly fluctuating populations, doubling the number of observations will result in the isolation of density-dependent effects.
B
It is sometimes possible to infer the existence of a density-dependent factor controlling population growth without understanding its causative mechanism.
C
Ecologists don't understand any of the underlying causes of the density-dependent effects they observe in population dynamics.
D
Density-dependent effects on growth parameters are thought to be caused by some sort of biochemical “signaling”. 该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 0 答案:B
根据文章最后一段第一句和第二句可知，我们可以将密度制约性对成长参数的影响看作一种信号，对 于数量稳定和以重复周期变动的物种，这种信号的影响可以轻易被描述，即使其诱发生物机制并没有弄清 楚。也就是说有时候在不清楚诱发机制的情况下推测控制物种数量增长的密度制约性因素是可能的。因此 选B。
SSS_SINGLE_SEL Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A
All species have the ability to increase their number from generation to generation through acquired effort.
B
It is out of question that all populations are controlled by a
combination of density-dependent and density-independent effects in varying proportions.
C
Population can be driven entirely by density-independent factors all the time.
D
The ecologists assume that the relative steady populations have “density-independent” growth parameters. 该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 0 答案:B
文章最后一段最后一句提到“But it now seems clear that all populations are regulated by a mixture of density-dependent and density-independent effects in varying proportions.”。所有的物种数量都受到密度制约性 和非密度制约性因素的混合影响，只是受影响的比例不同。也就是说以上这种说法是没有问题的。因此选 B。 Passage 3
Let's not mince words: college can be tough. According to a 2007 study by the American College Health Association, 43 percent of students reported having felt “so depressed it was difficult to
function” at least once in the prior year. Other studies, based on student surveys, suggest that one in five undergraduates reported having an eating disorder, one in six had deliberately cut or burned themselves and one in ten had considered suicide.
Given those numbers, it's deeply troubling that in 2007 just 8.5 percent of students used their college's counseling services. In
other words, students were more likely to consider killing themselves than to seek help. Students feel more afraid to discuss mental-health problems. They think they'll be labeled as the craze kid who'll shoot up the school.
Counselors say that while they do keep an eye out for students who might pose a risk to other's, the overwhelming majority of their patients are no threat to anyone but themselves. Counseling services must look for new ways to reach out to troubled students and let them know that seeking treatment is a strong, smart thing. At Harvard, students can win iPods for attending mental-health screening sessions and are invited to “pajama party” panels, where flannel-clad counselors dispense milk and cookies along with advice about the importance of sleep. “There's still a high level of stigma,” says Richard Kadison, head of Harvard's mental-health services. “We're trying to find creative ways of getting the message out.”
Many campuses also offer online services allowing students to
complete informal diagnostic quizzes away from the prying eyes of their peers. The results are confidential, but can help nudge
students toward counseling services. Besides, many colleges encourage parents to pitch in, whether by watching out for warning signs or by coaxing their kids to seek help. Philadelphia University now issues students' relatives with a calendar highlighting the toughest times of the year for freshmen, while the University of Minnesota offers online workshops, where parents can learn about conditions such as anxiety and Asperger's syndrome.
Still, students and counselors agree that the most effective outreach programs are those led but students themselves. “It's different when you hear something from another student,” says Semmie Kim, a
neuroscience major who founded MIT's chapter of Active Minds in 2007. She's held events like a bubble-wrap stomp to help students vent pre-exam stress, but says her group's most important role is to provide troubled peers with a sympathetic ear. “We want to make students realize they're not alone,” she says. “College will always be tough, but there's no need to suffer in silence.”
SSS_SINGLE_SEL The statement “College can be tough” is used to introduce ________. A
the severity of mental illnesses at college B
the **petition of earning scholarships
C
the feeble relations between teachers and students D
the anxiety of coping with all kinds of examinations 该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 10 答案:A
文章第一段第一句在提到上大学会有困难之后，紧接着提到了美国大学健康协会2007年的研究和一些 别的研究，说的都是学生的精神问题。因此这个说法是用来介绍大学里精神疾病的严重性。因此选A。
SSS_SINGLE_SEL According to Para. 2, few troubled students turn to counselors for help because they ________. A
will be asked to leave school B
will receive many screening tests C
are afraid to be laughed at by peers D
will pay more for counseling services 该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 0 答案:C
根据文章第二段第三句和第四句可知，学生害怕谈论他们的精神疾病，因为他们怕被别人认为是会胡 乱开枪扫射学校的疯子。也就是说一些有问题的学生向辅导员寻求帮助是因为他们害怕被同学嘲笑。因此 选C。
SSS_SINGLE_SEL Which of the following is still bothering the counselors?
A
Whether they should tell the truth to their patients directly. B
How much time they will spend on each screening session. C
What treatment should be included in their counseling services. D
How counseling services will be acceptable and available to troubled students.
该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 0 答案:D
文章第三段第二句提到“Counseling services must look for new ways to reach out to troubled students and let them know that seeking
treatment is a strong, smart thing.”。第四段第二句提到“We're trying to find creative ways of getting the message out.”。咨询服务还在寻找新的方式接触有精神疾病的学生，要让他们知道寻求治 疗才是最正确的。因此让辅导员最头疼的事是咨询服务如何能够被学生接受。因此选D。
SSS_SINGLE_SEL It can be inferred from Para. 4 that ________.
A
all universities in America have offered online counseling services B
parents play a vital role in solving students' mental-health problems C
university of Minnesota took the initiative to give lectures on mental health
D
Philadelphia University used a calendar as the reminder of diagnostic quizzes
该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 0 答案:B
由文章第四段第三句“many colleges encourage parents to pitch in,
whether by watching out for warning signs or by coaxing their kids to seek help.”可知，许多大学让家长也参与进来，注意孩子身上警示迹象的出现 和哄孩子去寻求帮助。也就是说家长在解决孩子的精神疾病上发挥着重要的作用。因此选B。
SSS_SINGLE_SEL Semmie Kim believes that the most effective mental-health service at college is ________. A
**fort and help from peers B
the advice from online workshops C
the love and warmth from teachers D
the treatment from neuroscience experts 该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 0 答案:A
根据文章最后一段第一句“the most effective outreach programs are
those led but students themselves.”可 知，最有效的方式还是得靠学生。也就是说在金姆看来，大学里治疗精神疾病最有效的方式是同龄人的安 慰和帮助。因此选A。 Passage 4
If you smoke and you still don't believe that there's a definite link between smoking and bronchial troubles, heart disease and lung
cancer, then you are certainly deceiving yourself. No one will accuse you of hypocrisy. Let us just say that you are suffering from a bad case of wishful thinking. This needn't make you too uncomfortable because you are in **pany. Whenever the subject of smoking and health is raised, the governments of most countries hear no evil, see no evil and smell no evil. Admittedly, a few governments have taken timid measures. In Britain for instance, cigarette advertising has been banned on television. The conscience of the nation is appeased, while the population continues to puff its way to smoky, cancerous death.
You don't have to look very far to find out why the official
reactions to medical findings have been so lukewarm. The answer is simply money. Tobacco is a **modity to tax. It's almost like a tax on our daily bread. In tax revenue alone, the government of Britain collects enough from smokers to pay for its entire educational facilities. So while the authorities point out ever so discreetly that smoking may, conceivably, be harmful, it doesn't do to shout too loudly about it.
This is surely the most short-sighted policy you could imagine. While money is eagerly collected in vast sums with one hand, it is paid out in increasingly vaster sums with the other. Enormous amounts are
spent on cancer research and on efforts to cure people suffering from the disease. Countless valuable lives are lost. In the long run,
there is no doubt that everybody would be much better-off if smoking were banned altogether.
Of course, we are not ready for such a drastic action. But if the
governments of the world were honestly concerned about the welfare of their peoples, you'd think they'd conduct aggressive anti-smoking campaigns. Far from it! The tobacco industry is allowed to spend
staggering sums on advertising. Its advertising is as insidious as it is dishonest. We are never shown pictures of real smokers coughing up their lungs early in the morning. That would never do. The
advertisements always depict virile, clean-shaven young men. They suggest it is manly to smoke, even positively healthy! Smoking is associated with the great open-air life, with beautiful girls, true love and togetherness. What utter nonsense!
For a start, governments could begin by banning all cigarette and tobacco advertising and should then conduct antismoking advertising campaigns of their own. Smoking should be banned in all public places like theatres, cinemas and restaurants. Great efforts should be made to inform young people especially of the dire consequences of taking up the habit. A horrific warning—say, a picture of a death's head—should be included in every packet of cigarettes that is sold. As individuals, we are certainly weak, but if governments acted honestly and courageously, they could protect us from ourselves.
SSS_SINGLE_SEL The tone of this passage is ________. A critical B
distasteful C ironical
D
indifferent
该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 10 答案:C
根据文章第一段第四句和第五句可知，烟民对吸烟的危害视而不见不会太不舒服，因为有人与他们做 伴，即政府。每当提起吸烟与健康的话题，大多数国家的政府都会对此充耳不闻、视而不见。对禁烟的态 度软弱无力。这些话语中充满了作者对政府的讽刺。因此选C。
SSS_SINGLE_SEL A You are backed by the government. B
You are not alone.
C
Governments are blind to evils of smoking too.
D
Governments have good friends.
该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 0 答案:C
文章第一段第四句和第五句提到“This needn't make you too uncomfortable because you are in **pany. Whenever the subject of smoking and health is raised, the governments of most countries hear no evil, see no evil and smell no evil.”。烟民对吸烟给健康造成的问题视而不见不会太不舒服，因为有人与他们做 伴，即政府。每当提起吸烟与健康的话题，大多数国家的政府都会对此充耳不闻、视而不见。也就是说政 府同样对吸烟的危害视而不见。因此选C。
SSS_SINGLE_SEL Why do a few governments take timid measures toward smoking? A
Because they are afraid of people.
B
Because they are afraid of the cutting down of their revenue. C
Because they are afraid of diseases. D
Because they are afraid of manufacturers. 该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 0 答案:B
根据文章第二段第一句和第二句“You don't have to look very far to find out why the official reactions to medical findings have been so
lukewarm. The answer is simply money.”可知，想要知道为什么官方对医疗
结果 的反应如此冷淡，不需要多费事，因为答案很简单，就是钱的问题。烟草是绝佳的收税产品。也就是说政 府对禁烟的态度软弱无力是因为它们害怕降低税收。因此选B。
SSS_SINGLE_SEL Which of the following do the pictures of tobacco advertisements show to people?
A
Smoking having nothing to do with true love. B
Smoking demonstrating people's manly activities. C
Smoking being not associated with health. D
Smoking costing a lot of money.
该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 0 答案:B
文章第四段倒数第三句提到“The advertisements always depict virile, clean-shaven young men.”香烟广告 上画的总是刚健的、剃干净胡子的年轻男士。即展示男子汉气概的活动。因此选B。
SSS_SINGLE_SEL Which of the following themes is this passage about?
A
World governments should conduct serious campaigns against smoking. B
World governments take timid measures against smoking.
C
Tobacco industry spends a large sum of money on medical research. D
Smoking is the most important source of income to many countries. 该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 0 答案:A
由文章最后一段可知，作为起步，政府可以从禁止烟草广告开始，然后应开展抵制吸烟的广告运动。 应竭尽全力告诫青年，尤其是告诫他们染上恶习的严重后果。在零卖的每包烟盒上应有令人胆战心惊的警 告：例如，一幅骷髅头画像。作为个人，我们力量薄弱，可是如果政府真诚地鼓舞人心的行动起来，他
们 可以保护我们。因此这篇文章的主题是政府应该发起严肃的禁烟运动。因此选A。 Translation
Directions: Students are required to do the following translation by applying necessary techniques to meet the criteria of “faithfulness, expressiveness and closeness”. English to Chinese Translation
Translate the following sentences into Chinese. (20 points) 1.
Mary blew out all the candles on the cake at one go.
SSS_TEXT_QUSTI该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 2 答案:
玛丽一口气吹灭了蛋糕上所有的蜡烛。 2.
From my childhood, my father taught me to separate the sheep from the goats.
SSS_TEXT_QUSTI 该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 2 答案:
从孩提时代开始，父亲就教我分辨好人、坏人。 3.
A successful ban of the trade in opium must be preceded by the destruction of the drug itself.
SSS_TEXT_QUSTI 该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 2 答案:
要胜利地制止鸦片买卖，就得首先把鸦片销毁。 4.
Courage is the thing. All goes if courage goes.
SSS_TEXT_QUSTI 该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 2 答案:
勇气很重要。没有勇气就会一事无成。 5.
It is easier driving a flock than one.
SSS_TEXT_QUSTI 该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 2 答案:
放一群牲口总比一头一头地放要省事。 6.
Laws are like cobwebs, where the small flies are caught, and the great break through.
SSS_TEXT_QUSTI 该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 2 答案:
法律如同蜘蛛网，小的蚊蝇给网捕住，大的则一冲而过。
7.
One man's guess is as good as another's.
SSS_TEXT_QUSTI 该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 2 答案:
一切猜测都不准确。 8.
He is a gentle horse that never casts its rider.
SSS_TEXT_QUSTI 该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 2 答案:
再温顺的马也会摔下骑手。 9.
Long absence changes a friend.
SSS_TEXT_QUSTI 该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 2 答案:
久别重逢会改变朋友。
10.
There is a limit at which forbearance ceases to be a virtue.
SSS_TEXT_QUSTI 该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 2
答案:
忍耐超过了一定的限度便不再是美德。
Translation from Chinese to English
Translate the following paragraph into English. (20 points) 11.
古往今来，“时间”对人来说是个最难捉摸的东西。世上每人每天都有着等量的时间——24小时。并且大家 也都一样，只能占有“今天”。一点不假，昨日之日不可留，一去不复返了。而明天，也许要使人们期待着 永远也盼不来。这就是说，每个活着的人就只能掌握“今天”——只能掌握此时此刻。
SSS_TEXT_QUSTI 该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 20 答案:
Time is one of the greatest riddles of the age. Everyone in the world has the same amount of it—24hours each day. We are all alike, too, in only having today. Yes, yesterday is gone, tomorrow may **e—so every living person has today, this hour, this minute at his disposal. Writing
Read the following topic and write an essay of about 300 words. 12.
During the last ten years, social networks have developed fast, evolving from **munication hubs to platforms for exchanging experiences, ideas or even for advertising and marketing. It is estimated that today, more than 600 million users worldwide are
active on Facebook, approximately 200 million people on twitter, and about 806 monthly active users on WeChat, which is the most popular social network in China. Some people think that these social networks enable users to upload their profiles, and share their feelings and ideas with friends or even strangers, which highly boosts intimacy among people. Others, however, believe that social networks distract people from developing regular, normal relationships, bring about
delusion of intimacy, and hide many traps that may do harm to their users.
What do you think of the role of social networks in our life? What suggestions would you give people, particularly young people regarding using social networks?
SSS_TEXT_QUSTI 该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 35 答案:
My Views on Social Networks
It is undeniable that social networks have utterly changed people's ways to interact with others. Indeed, they bring unprecedented
convenience to modern life, which is understandable since technology allows people to connect with anyone anytime and anywhere.
Nevertheless, hardly can anyone disavow that social networks are
taking individuals places that they do not want to go. It is a trend that the public are becoming more distant and less intimate with each other.
First of all, individuals are prone to neglect people around them. When they are busy posting the latest news on WeChat, they don't care if their families are waiting to know how their life goes at school. When they sit in a coffee shop, staring at the screen of their cell phones and chattering with friends while giggling, they hardly notice anyone around them who would like to say hi or make an exchange of friendly news.
What is more, a sense of alienation can be provoked, contributing to a greater distance between individuals. In the modern world,
individuals have less face-to-**munications and they bury themselves in their cell phones at any moment, even in the parent-child relationship. To name only a few, parents text and do email at
breakfast and at dinner while their children grumble about not having their parents' full attention. Consequently, they are increasingly becoming distant with each other.
In such a condition, social networks will result in a negative
development in the relationships individuals make, especially young people. To cope with this issue, they should develop a more self-aware relationship with technology, with each other and with
themselves. Restraining themselves from using these social networks and spending time with their friends are best ways for them to cultivating a normal and intimate relationship.
In conclusion, social networks will give rise to a negative
development in the relationships individuals make. To tackle this issue, people should pay attention to the real world and develop a more self-aware relationship with technology, with each other and with themselves.
第一段作者提到社交网络极大地改变了人们的交流方式，随时随地可以交流给人们的生活带来了方便。但 是社交网络使得人们之间的距离越来越远，人与人之间越来越不亲密。第二段和第三段作者给出了自己的 两个理由。第二段提到人们过多依赖社交网络会使得他们忽视身边的人。第三段提到由于缺少面对面交 流，社交网络会使人们更加疏远。第四段作者给出了自己的意见：人们要限制自己过多使用社交网络，多 和朋友待在一起，回归到现实生活，培养一种自觉的与技术、彼此和与自己之间的关系。最后一段作者对 上述内容作了总结。 Error correction
The following passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proof-read the passage and correct it in the following way:
For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.
For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “ ⊥ ” sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.
For an unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash “/” and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line. Example
When ⊥ art museum wants a new exhibit,
it [1] an
never buys things in finished form and hangs them on the wall. [2] never
When a natural history museum wants an exhibition, it often builds it. [3] exhibit
One truly remarkable achievement that sets us humans apart the 【A1】________
rest of the animal kingdom is our creation and use of language. Although animals **municate with one another, their limited number of calls and gestures are merely isolating signals that convey 【A2】________
very specific messages (for example, a greeting, a threat, summons to 【A3】________
congregate) in much the same way that single words or stereotyped phrases 【A4】________
do in a human language. On contrast, human languages are amazingly 【A5】________
flexible and producing. From a small number of
individually 【A6】________
meaningless sounds, a person who is proficient in a language can
generate thousands of meaningful auditory patterns (syllables, words) that can then be combined according to a set of grammatical rules to produce an infinite number of messages. Language is also an inventive tool. Most of what people say or hear in any given situation is not merely a repetition of what they have said or heard before; speakers create novel utterances on the spot, and the topics they talk about may
have nothing to do with his current situation or the stream of ongoing 【A7】________
events. Indeed, language is the only form of communication by which we can easily produce a variety of messages that are blatantly untrue (as in a lie or a sarcastic utterance) and otherwise figurative in nature 【A8】________
(as in the simile“She's like a breath of fresh air\"). Yet, creative as we
may be in generating new messages, but other people who know the 【A9】________
language will be able to understand any and all of our ideas as long as
each of our statements adhere to the rules and convention of the 【A10】________ language we are speaking.
SSS_TEXT_QUSTI 【A1】
该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 15 答案:
apart⊥the →from
（根据句意，一个杰出的将人类与其他动物分开的成就是人类语言的创造和使用。set sb. apart from…为固定 短语，意为“使分离”。所以在the前加上from。）
SSS_TEXT_QUSTI 【A2】
该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 0 答案:
number→numbers
（numbers of为固定短语，意为“大量，许多”。所以把number改为numbers。）
SSS_TEXT_QUSTI 【A3】
该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 0 答案:
, ⊥ summons→a
（括号中的内容在结构上应该是一致的，都是a加上一个可数名词。所以在summons前加a。）
SSS_TEXT_QUSTI 【A4】
该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 0 答案: that→as
（根据句意，动物大量的叫声和动作只是有特定含义的独立信号，这与人类语言中的单一单词和短语是一样 的。in much the same way as为固定结构，意为“以和……大致相同的方式”。所以把that改为as）
SSS_TEXT_QUSTI 【A5】
该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 0 答案: On→In
（in contrast为固定短语，意为“相比之下”。所以把on改为in。）
SSS_TEXT_QUSTI 【A6】
该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 0 答案:
producing →productive
（根据句意，人类语言是惊人地灵活和多产的。productive意为“多产的”。所以把producing改为 productive。）
SSS_TEXT_QUSTI 【A7】
该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 0 答案:
nothing→something
（根据句意，人类所讲的话题可能和他目前的情况正在进行的事情有关系。have something to do with为固定 短语，意为“与……有关系”。所以把nothing改为something。）
SSS_TEXT_QUSTI 【A8】
该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 0 答案: and→or
（根据句意，我们可以轻易地创造出明显不真实的信息或本质上是比喻性的信息。or otherwise为固定短语， 意为“或相反；或以其他方式”。所以把and改为or。）
SSS_TEXT_QUSTI 【A9】
该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 0
答案: 去掉but
（英语中yet和but不能同时出现，前半句已经有了yet，所以but需要删掉。）
SSS_TEXT_QUSTI 【A10】
该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 0 答案:
convention→conventions
（语言的规则和惯例不只一条，而且and前的rules也是复数，所以convention也应该加s。所以把convention改 为conventions。）
1
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