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2021年大学英语四级翻译模拟试题及答案（卷七）
毛笔，是一种源于中国的传统书写工具，也逐渐成为传统绘画工具。毛笔是汉族人民在生产实践中发明的。随着人类社会的不断发展，勤劳智慧的汉民族又不断地总结经验，存其精华，弃其糟粕，勇于探索，敢于创新。几千年以来，它为创造汉族民族光辉灿烂的文化，为促进汉民族与世界各族的文化交流，做出了卓越的贡献。毛笔是汉民族对世界艺术宝库提供的一件珍宝。 【重点表达】
存其精华，弃其糟粕 Discarding the dross while assimilating the essence
勇于探索，敢于创新strive to explore and blaze new trails 光辉灿烂的文化splendid culture 艺术宝库 arts treasure house 参考译文：
Writing brush, a traditional writing tool originated from China, has also gradually become a traditional painting tool. Writing brush was invented by the Han people during their production practice. With the constant development of human society, the diligent and intelligent Han people kept summing up the experience. Discarding the dross while assimilating the essence, they strive to explore and blaze new trails. Over thousands of years, writing brush has made great contribution to creating the splendid culture of the Han people and to promoting the
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cultural exchange between people of all nationalities and the Han people. Writing brush is a treasure that the Han people have provided the world’s arts treasure house.
长期以来，京剧界面临的一个重要问题就是如何让更多人尤其是年轻人认识京剧、了解京剧，喜爱京剧。高速发展的现代社会为人们带来了更多娱乐选择，在电影、电视、网络等冲击下，年轻一代大多数没有意愿也少有机会真正感受京剧的魅力。现有的京剧专家很多已步入中老年，不擅长用年轻人喜欢的语言和方式与他们沟通;而年轻一代中又极少有人既懂得京剧又愿意花费时间和精力去介绍京剧。 1.在翻译过程中适当使用定语从句会给你的译文加分，如The modern society, which is developing fast, has brought...
2.遇到否定意义的句子，不要总是用“not”，而可以使用一些表否定意义的词，如scarce，rare等，会使你的表达看起来更加成熟。 参考译文：
For a long time, a serious problem Peking Opera has been facing is how to get more people, especially the young generations, to know about, to understand, and to be keen on Peking Opera. The modern society, which is developing fast, has brought people more options for recreation. Under the impacts of movies, TV shows, Internet, etc., most of the young generations show no interest or scarcely have any opportunity to truly feel the charm of Peking Opera. Many of the Peking Opera masters have entered middle or old age, and they are not good at
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communicating with the young people in the languages or ways they like. Among the young generations, there are few people who have a good understanding of Peking Opera and are willing to spend time or efforts introducing it.
过去十年中国房地产(real estate)行业高速发展。但是，对很多人来说，买房却不是一件容易的事情。高昂的房价甚至使一些年轻情侣推迟了结婚的计划。鉴于此种情况，近年来政府采取了一系列的措施来抑制房价过快增长，包括整顿和规范房地产市场、提高房贷利率(mortgage rate)、增设房产税(property tax)。目前，这些措施在部分城市取得了初步成效。
1.第1句可直译为 For the past decade, China's realestate developed rapidly，但如果以时间“过去十年”作为句子主语，套用句型time + see/witness + sth.则表达更加生动形象。此时see/witness表“经历，以……为特点”之义。本句可译为The past decade has witnessed...。
2.第2句中的“买房却不是一件容易的事情”可译为buying ahouse is not an easy thing，但套用 it is + a. + to dosth.句型来翻译“做某事是怎么样的”会更符合英文的表达习惯，故该句宜译作it is quite difficult for manypeople to buy a house。
3.在第4句中，“鉴于此种情况”既可直译为In view of the situation，也可译为Given this situation，或是根据上下文转译为For this reason。“来抑制房价球快增长目的，故用不定式短语作状语，
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译作to preventthe housing price from rising too fast;“包括整顿......”起补充说明的作用，可译为 includingregulating...。
4.在翻译最后一句时，应转换主语为“初步成效”，用被动语态译出更符合英文表达习惯，译作preliminaryeffects have been achieved...。状语“在部分城市”表达为in some cities，置于句末。 参考译文：
The past decade has witnessed a high-speeddevelopment in China's real estate. But it is quite formany people to buy a house. The high housing priceeven makes some young couples their plan formarriage. In view of the situation, the governmenthas adopted a series of measures in recent years toprevent the housing price from rising too fast, including regulating and the real estate market,raising mortgage rates, and introducing property tax. At present, preliminary effects havebeen achieved in some cities.
中国的教育体制分为三个阶段：基础教育、高等教育和成人教育。基础教育包括学前教育(pre-school education)、小学和中学。高等教育由职业专科学校、学院和大学组成。1986年，中国开始实行从小学到初中的九年制义务教育(nine-year compulsory education)政策。中国政府把教育放在优先发展的战略地位，提出了“科教兴国”的战略方针。在政府和人民的共同努力下，中国的教育取得了历史性的成就。 1.第1句中的“分为三个阶段”实表被动的意义，故译为bedivided into...。
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2.第4句中的定语“从小学到初中的”较长，故将其处理成后置定语，用介词短语from primary school to junior highschool 来表达。 3.第5句中的两个分句均比较长可考虑用并列结构译出：TheChinese government has placed strategic priorityon... and advanced the strategy...。但不如将后半句“提出了......的战略方针”处理成表伴随的状语，译作advancing the strategy...，使句子逻辑关系更为清晰。“提出”可译作put forward或advance。
4.最后一句中的“在政府和人民的共同努力下”可用介词短语with the joint efforts of both thegovernment and the people来表达。翻译“中国的教育取得了历史性的成就”时，为了符合英语表达习惯，宜转化原宾语“历史性的成就”为主语，原主语“中国的教育”处理为状语，全句用被动语态译出，表达为historic achievements have been made in Chinese education。 参考译文：
The Chinese educational system is divided into threestages: basic education, higher education and adulteducation. Basic education is comprised of pre-school education, primary school and secondaryschool. Higher education consists of vocationalschools, colleges and universities. In 1986, Chinabegan to implement the policy of nine-year compulsory education from primary school tojunior high school. The Chinese government has placed strategic priority on developingeducation, advancing the strategy of developing the nation by relying on the science
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andeducation. With the joint efforts of both the government and the people, historic achievementshave been made in Chinese education. 唐朝是中国古代最繁荣、兴旺、灿烂、光荣的时期。因此，中国人穿的传统服装就被称为“唐装(Tang suit)”。实际上，“唐装”并不是唐朝的服装。它的起源可以追溯到清朝，由马褂(Chinese jacket)演变而来。唐装的颜色多种多样，最常见的是红色、深蓝色、金色和黑色。唐装上一种常见的设计是使用汉字来表达好运和祝福。今天，仍然有很多人会在传统的节日里穿唐装。 参考译文：
The Tang Dynasty was the most thriving,prosperous, splendid and glorious period in ancientChina.As a result, the traditional clothing worn bythe Chinese is called “Tang suit”.Actually, \"Tang suit”is not the clothing of the Tang Dynasty.Its origin canbe traced back to the Qing Dynasty, evolving from Chinese jacket.Tang suit is made in differentcolors, the most common are red, dark blue, gold and black.One common design is the usage ofChinese characters to convey good luck and wishes.Today,there are still many people whowould wear Tang suit during traditional festivals.
1.唐朝是中国古代最繁荣、兴旺、灿烂、光荣的时期:该句的翻译重点是几个形容词的翻译，因此，考生应注意平时形容词的积累。这几个形容词可翻译为thriving,prosperous, splendid and glorious。 2.因此，中国人穿的传统服装就被称为“唐装”:“因此”可译为
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as a result,在英语中表达结果的词语还有thus、therefore、so等。\"传统服装”可译为traditionalclothing。
3.它的起源可以追溯到清朝，由马褂演变而来:“起源”可译为origin,如“物种起源”为origin of thespecies。“演变”可译为evolve，常用结构是evolve from，表示“由…演变而来”。
4.唐装上一种常见的设计是使用汉字来表达好运和祝福:中文为了使上下文连接所以有“唐装上”三个字，翻译为英语时可以省去不译。“一种常见的设计是使用汉字来表达…”可以理解为“一种常见的设计是汉字的使用，来表达...”。
茅盾是中国最优秀的著名现代小说家之一。他最著名的作品是《子夜》 (Midnight)。茅盾还在上小学时就已经开始发展他的写作技巧。当他在杭州读中学时，广泛的阅读和严格的写作技能培训充满了他的生活。期间他读完了大量的古典小说。这些小说影响了他的写作风格和创作理念。茅盾于1913年进入北京大学提供的为期三年的基础学校，在那里他研究了中国和西方文学。
1.当他在杭州读中学时，广泛的阅读和严格的写作技能培训充满了他的生活:“广泛的”可译为extensive, “广泛的阅读”为extensive reading。“严格的”可译为strict, bestrict with意为对...要求严格。充满可译为fill，同义词组还有be full of。
2.他读完了大量的古典小说：“读完”可用英语常用的结构finish+v-ing。“大量的”因其修饰的为可数名词“小说”，故可译为a large number of。“古典小说”可译为classical novels。
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3.这些小说影响了他的写作风格和创作理念：“影响”可译为动词influence,也可译为词组have thehifluence on。英语中表示影响的词语还有名词effect，动词affect,词组have effect on。 参考译文：
Mao Dun is one of the best, famous modernnovelists in China.His most famous work isMidnight.Mao Dun had already started to develop hiswriting skills when he was still in primaryschool.While he was studying in secondary school inHangzhou,extensive reading and strict writing skills training filled his life.During that time, hefinished reading a large number of classical novels which influenced his writing style and creatingideas.Mao Dun entered the three-year foundation school offered by Peking University in1913，in which he studied Chinese and Western literature.
天安门广场(Tiananmen Square)位于北京市中心，是世界上最大的广场。整个广场东西宽500米，南北长880米。总面积达44万平方米。矗立在广场中央的人民英雄纪念碑(Monument to the People's Heroes)是新中国诞生后在广场修建的第一座建筑。天安门广场与其周围的建筑，被称为中国的心脏，是举行重大庆典的神圣之地。天安门广场还是著名的旅游景点，每天都有大量的中外游客到此参观旅游。 1.第1句中的“位于北京市中心”可处理为地点状语，用过去分词短语located at the center trf Bering City来表达，将第2个分句处理为句子的主干，使译文主次分明。
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2.第2句中，将“总面积达44万平方米”处理为主干it coversa total area of...。“整个广场东西宽500米，南北长 880 米”表伴随状态，可译为分词短语 measuring 880 metersnorth to south, said... east to west，动词measure表“距离/长度/宽度为……”，用在此处生动形象。
3.第3句的主干是“人民英雄纪念碑是第一座建筑”，而“矗立在广场中央的”则为修饰“人民英雄纪念碑”的定语。该句可按原语序结构，把“矗立在广场中央的”译为定语从句，整句译为Monument to the People's Heroesthat stands... is the first architecture...;或可将“矗立在广场中央的”译为伴随状语，standing in thecenter of...;也可将“是新中国诞生后在广场修建的第一座建筑”处理为“人民英雄纪念碑”的同位语，表达为Monument to the People's Heroes, the first architecture built..., stands...。
4.第4句最后一个分句“是举行重大庆典的神圣之地”语义较独立，故考虑分译为一个独立的句子。定语“举行重大庆典的”较长，且含有动作，故译为定语从句，置于被修饰词holy place之后。 5.最后一句后半句的“每天都有大量的中外游客到此参观旅游”的逻辑主语与前半句中的主语“天安门广场” 不一致，翻译时可稍作处理，将其意思转换为“每天吸引大量的中外游客到此……”，译为attracting a largeamount of tourists...，表伴随状态。或可用介词短语witti a large amount of visitors...作后置定语，修饰tourist attraction。“到此参观旅游”承前的“旅游景点”可省略不译。
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参考译文：
Located at the center of Beijing City, TiananmenSquare is the largest square in the world. It covers atotal area of 440,000 square meters, measuring 880metens north to south, and 500 meters east towest. Monument to the People's Heroes, the firstarchitecture built on the square after the founding ofNew China, stands upright in the center. Tiananmen Square, together with the surroundingarchitectures, can be called the heart of China. It is the holy place where grand ceremonies areheld. Tiananmen Square is also a famous tourist attraction with a large amount of visitors fromhome and abroad every day.
丝绸之路(Silk Road)是我国古代一条连接中国和欧亚大陆(Eurasia)的交通线路，由于这条商路以丝绸贸易为主，故称“丝绸之路”。作为国际贸易的通道和文化交流的桥梁，丝绸之路有效地促进了东西方经济文化交流和发展，对世界文明进程有着深远影响。当前，在新的历史条件下，我国提出来“一带一路”倡议(the Belt and Road Initiative)(即“丝绸之路经济带”和“21世纪海上丝绸之路”)。“一带一路”以合作共赢为核心，强调相关各国的互利共赢和共同发展。这一倡议一经提出即受到沿线各国的积极响应。
The Silk Road is an ancient traffic route connecting China and Eurasia. As this trade route focuses on the trade of silk, it is called “the Silk Road”.As a channel of international trade and a bridge of cultural exchanges, the Silk Road has effectively promoted the economic and
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cultural exchanges and development between the east and the west, and exerted a far-reaching impact on the process of world civilization.Nowadays, under the new historical circumstances, our country proposes the “the Belt and Road Initiative”,namely the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-century Maritime Silk Road. One Belt and One Road focuses on win-win cooperation and emphasizes the mutual benefits and common development of relevant countries.As soon as this initiative was proposed, it received a positive response from the related countries along the road.
《红楼梦》(A Dream of Red Mansions)写成于18世纪，是中国著名的古典长篇小说。小说共计120回，前80回的作者是曹雪芹，后40回由高鹗完成。通过对贾氏封建大家族(feudal clan)生活的生动描述《红楼 梦》展示了清朝(the Qing Dynasty)封建社会的兴衰。小说塑造了大量的人物，其中主要人物就将近40个。以该小说为题材的艺术作品很多，其中最成功的当属1987年由王扶林导演的电视连续剧《红楼梦》。 表达难点
1.第1句直译为 A Dream of Red Mansions is written in the 18th century and it is a famous Chinese classical novel，稍显平淡没有重点，将句首的“……写成于18世纪”处理成状语，用过去分词短语written in the 18th century来表达，将后一分句“是中国著名的古典长篇小说”处理成主干，句子主次更分明。
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2.第2句可直译为 The novel consists of 120 chapters with the first 80 being written by... and the left 40 by...，但稍显繁冗、生硬。将该句转译为由两个并列结构和一个介词结构组成的简单句，结构会更明了，即将句首的“小说共计120回”译为介词短语in this 120-chapter novel,“前80回的作者是......，后40回由......完成”则译成并列结构 the first 80 chapters were written by... and the left 40 by...,后一个并列结构可承前省略“由......完成”(were written)。
3.第3句后一分句中的“展示了清朝封建社会的兴衰”的核心是“展示兴衰”(reveal the rise and fall)，“兴衰”前的定语“清朝封建社会的”较长，可按英语表达习惯处理成后置定语，而“清朝”和“封建社会的”则可按照与中心词的关系越紧密越靠近中心词的表达习惯，译作the feudal society in the Qing Dynasty。
4.分析最后一句的结构可发现，后一分句“其中最成功的当属……”属于对前半句内容的补充说明，故可将其处理成修饰前一分句内容的非限制性定语从句，译作among which the most successful is... directed by Wang Fulin in 1987。 参考译文
Written in the 18th century, A Dream of Red Mansions is a famous Chinese classical novel. In this 120-chapter novel, the first 80 chapters were written by Cao Xueqin and the left 40 by Gao E. With vivid descriptions of the life in the big feudal clan of Jia, the novel reveals the rise and fall of the feudal society in the Qing Dynasty. The novel shapes a
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large number of characters and nearly forty are considered major ones. A lot of artistic works have been produced based on the novel, among which the most successful is the TV series A Dream of Red Mansions directed by Wang Fulin in 1987.
复杂的汉字(Chinese characters)书写体系是中国古代文化遗留下来的瑰宝。而这一体系正面临着退化的命运。随着电脑和智能手机的迅速发展和普及，年轻人拿起笔却写不出字来的现象越来越常见。若不借助电子产品的帮助，很多人难以写出10万个日常用字。为此，中央电视台开播了一档汉字听写比赛(Chinese Character Dictation Competition)节目，以引起人们对汉字的重视，帮助观众提高汉字书写能力。 表达难点
1.第1句中的“是中国古代文化遗留下来的瑰宝”如果逐字对译为isa treasure left over by Chinese ancient culture，则出现英文表达逻辑错误，left over by应后接施动者，而Chinese ancient culture 显然不合适，故“遗留下来”应省译，而用介词of表达“汉字简体系”和“中国古代文化”之间的所属关系。
2.第3句“随着......，......的现象越来越常见”可套用句型with... comes a commonly seen phenomenon that。年轻人拿起笔却写不出字来的“现象”的同位语，由that引出，译为young people are barely able to write with pen In hand, “拿起笔”可译为时间状语从句when they take up the pen，但不如介词短语with pen in hand来得简单、地道。
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3.第4句中的“很多人难以写出10万个日常用字”可套用句型sb. find it hard/difficult to do sth.，译为 many people find it hard to write 10,000 characters frequently used in daily life。
4.最后一句中的“以引起……，帮助……”，两个并列结构均表目的，故将其译作状语to arouse... and improve...。 参考译文
The complex writing system of Chinese characters is a treasure of Chinese ancient culture. But this system is facing a decline. With the rapid development and popularity of computers and smart phones comes a more commonly seen phenomenon that young people are barely able to write with pen in hand. Without the help of an electronic product, many people find it hard to write 10,000 characters frequently used in daily life. Thus, the CCTV launched a program, \"Chinese Character Dictation Competitiono arouse people's attention to Chinese characters and improve the audience's handwriting ability. 中国正规教育体系的历史可以追溯到商朝(the Shang Dynasty)o在古代，中国教育的唯一目的就是培养朝廷官员。新中国成立后，中国政府十分重视发展教育事业。国家制定了多种法律，从不同角度保障每个人都有接受同质同级教育的权利。经过几十年的努力，中国教育取得了巨大的成就。从20世纪80年代初起，中国开始在国家教育制度中强调科学技术。 表达难点
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1.第1句中的“……的历史可以追溯到……”可译为the history of...can be traced back to...,但省略“历史”不体而表达为sth. can be traced back to则更简洁。
2.第2句中的“培养朝廷官员”可用不定式短语to produce government officials表达，作该句系动词was的表语。
3.第4句由两个分句组成，第1个分句的主语是“国家”，第2个分句的逻辑主语是“多种法律”(这也是第一个 分句的宾语)，为了叙述角度的统一，此处用“多种法律”作句子的主语会更合适，但要注意用被动语态，译作 A variety of laws have been developed...。 “从不同角度”可处理为插人语，译为 from different angles. “保障每个人都有……的权利”可套用结构ensure sb. the right(s) to do sth.。 4.在倒数第2句中，“中国教育取得了巨大的成就”可直译为Chineseeducation has got great achievements，但这不是地道的英文表达，此处可转换主语为“中国”，译作China sees great achievements in its education。这里see取“经历，以……为特点”之义，译文表达更生动形象。 参考译文
China's formal education system can be traced back to the Shang Dynasty. In ancient times, the only purpose of Chinese education was to produce government officials. After the founding of New China, Chinese government attached great importance to the development of education. A variety of laws have been developed to ensure everybody, from
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different angles, the right to receive the same quality and level of education. After a few decades of efforts, China sees great achievements in its education. From the early 1980s, China began to stress science and technology in the country's educational system.
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