一、概念:
1)经常性、习惯性动作或存在状态。 标志词或短语(带有表示频率时间状语):always , everyday , often , once a week (month , year , etc。) ,never, sometimes , seldom , usually等等
She only write to her family once a month. 她一个月只给家里写一封。 I go to work by bike every day。我每天骑自行车上班。
2)表示主语特征、性格、能力、爱好等。
e.g. He can swim. I work hard. I like watching TV.
3)表示客观真理
e.g. There are seven days in a week.
The sun rises in the east 。日出东方。 Ten minus two is eight。十减二等于八。
Light travels faster than sound 。光速度比声音速度快。
The United States lies by the west coast of the Pacific Ocean. 美国位于太平洋西岸。
4) 根据英文语法规定,当主句谓语动词是一般将来时,那么时间或条件状语从句谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生动作。主句表将来,从句要用一般现在时。
例:I'll tell him the news when he comes back. 他回来时,我将告诉他这个消息。
If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details。 如果你接受这份工作,他们将和你谈谈细节。
二、句式结构:
1)主语 + be动词 + 其他 2)主语 + 行为动词 + 其他
三、句式转换
1)be 动词一般现在时句式转换: ☺肯定句:主语+be+表语(n., adj.等) ☺否定句:主语+be+ not+表语.
☺一般疑问句:Be+主语+表语? 回答:Yes, 主语+be./No,主语+be + not.
☺特殊疑问句:疑问词+be+主语? 回答:主语+be+其它
1 / 9
2). 实义动词一般现在时句式转换:
①如果主语是I/We/You/They及名词复数,谓语动词不用做任何变化,即仍然用动词原形表示:
肯定句: 主语+动词原形+其他
否定句: 主语+don't +动词原形+其他
一般疑问句: Do+主语+动词原形+其他 回答: Yes,主语+do. /No,主语+don't . 特殊疑问句: 特殊疑问词+ do+主语+动词原形+其他
②主语是第三人称单数,
肯定句: 主语+动词第三人称单数+其他 否定句: 主语+doesn't+动词原形+其他
一般疑问句: Does+主语+动词原形+其他 回答: Yes,主语+does /No,主语+doesn't 特殊疑问句: 特殊疑问词+ does+主语+动词原形+其他
E.g. Danny is a good student. E.g. Jenny speaks English very well.
Danny isn’t a good student. Jenny doesn’t speak English very well. Is Danny a good student? Does Jenny speak English very well?
四、动词三单变化规律
1)一般动词,在词尾加-s ; 如:
work -- works
live --lives sing – sings
2) 以,-s, -x, -sh, -ch结尾加-es。如:
teach----teaches wash ----washes miss ---- misses pass ---- passes mix ---- mixes fix ---- fixes push----pushes wish ---- wishes
3)以辅音字母加y结尾,变y为i,再加-es。
注意一定是辅音字母加y才变,若是元音字母加y,则直接加-s。 如:
fly →flies try →tries fry →flies copy →copies buy →buys enjoy→ enjoys play→ plays say →says pay →pays
4)以辅音字母+o结尾词,一般情况是在词尾加es go –-- goes
do --- does
5)特殊情况:have ---- has am/are ---- is
2 / 9
现在进行时
一、概念:
1、现在(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生动作,强调“此时此刻”。 E.g.: He is reading . They are talking now.
2、当前一段时间内活动或现阶段正在进行动作。 E.g. :They are working these days.
二、句式结构:
主语 + be动词 + 动词ing + 其他
三、句式转换:
☺肯定句:主语+be+动词ing + 其他
☺否定句:主语+be+ not+动词ing + 其他. ☺一般疑问句:Be+主语+动词ing + 其他?
回答:Yes, 主语+be./No,主语+be + not.
☺特殊疑问句:What + be + 主语 + doing (+其他)?
四、动词ing变化形式:
1)一般情况下,动词后直接加-ing,如:
work --- working buy – buying visit --- visiting talk --- talking say--- saying
2)以不发音e结尾,把e去掉,再加-ing,如:
take--- taking have ---- having leave --- leaving drive ---- driving write --- writing make --- making
3) 以重读闭音节结尾,双写末尾辅音字母,再加-ing,如: stop --- stopping shop – shopping run --- running
4) 特殊变化: lie --- lying
3 / 9
一般过去时
一、概念:
1)过去某个时间所发生动作或存在状态。
e.g. I bought a new shirt yesterday. He was a worker two years ago. 2)过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性动作。
e.g. When I was a child,I often played with fire. Li Lei always walked to school last term. 3)谈到已故人情况时多用过去时。 e.g. Lu Xun was a great writer.
4)有些发生时间不是很清楚情况,实际是过去发生,也应用过去时态。 e.g. What did you say?
二、句式结构:
1)主语 + was/ were + 其他
2)主语 + 行为动词过去式 + 其他
三、标志语:
yesterday、... ago、in 1990、last ...、at that time 、just now等
三、句式转换
1)be 动词一般过去时句式转换:
☺肯定句:主语+was/ were+表语(n., adj.等) ☺否定句:主语+ was/ were+ not+表语. ☺一般疑问句:was/ were+主语+表语?
回答:Yes, 主语+was/ were./No,主语+was/ were + not.
☺特殊疑问句:疑问词+was/ were+主语+其他? 回答:主语+was/ were+其它
2). 实义动词一般过去时句式转换: 肯定句: 主语+动词过去式+其他
否定句: 主语+didn't +动词原形+其他 一般疑问句: Did+主语+动词原形+其他
回答: Yes,主语+did. /No,主语+didn't .
特殊疑问句: 特殊疑问词+ did+主语+动词原形+其他
四、动词一般过去时变化规律
4 / 9
1)一般动词,在词尾加-ed ; 如:
e.g. work-----worked; ask------asked;
2)以e结尾动词只加-d.
e.g. arrive-----arrived; like-----liked.
3)末尾只有一个辅音字母重读闭音节,应先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ed.
e.g. shop-----shopped; step ----- stepped
4)以\"辅音字母+y\"结尾动词,先把y变成i,再加-ed.
e.g. carry----carried; study------studied.
5) 常见不规则动词及其过去式,如:
e.g. fly------flew; break-----broke; be ----- was/were; buy ----- bought; come ----- came; do ----- did; get ----- got; go ----- went; meet ----- met; read ----- read; send ----- sent; spend ----- spent; take ----- took; catch ----- caught
一般将来时
5 / 9
teach-----taught; have ----- had; write ----- wrote; leave ------ left; see ------ saw; swim ----- swam; say------said
一、概念:
表示将要发生动作或存在状态
二、标志语:tonight,in the future,tomorrow, next day(week, month,
year…),soon, the day after tomorrow(后天),in+段时间(在...之后)等。
三、基本结构:
①肯定句:主语+be going to + do…; 否定句:主语+be not going to + do…;
一般疑问句:Be + 主语+ going to + do…? 回答:Yes, 主语+be;/No,主语+ be not. 特殊疑问句:疑问词+be +主语+ going to +do…?
②肯定句:主语+will+ do….
否定句:主语+will not (won’t) +do…? 一般疑问句:Will +主语+do…?
回答:Yes,主语+will;/No,主语+won’t.
特殊疑问句:疑问词+will+主语+do…?
③肯定句:主语(只能为I /We)+shall +do…
否定句:主语(只能为I /We)+shall not (shan’t)+do… 一般疑问句:Shall you do…?
回答:Yes, I shall;/No, I shan’t 特殊疑问句:疑问词+shall you do…?
※注意:some改为any, and改为or,第一二人称互换
例如:①I’m going to have a picnic this afternoon.
→ I’m not going to have a picnic this afternoon.
6 / 9
②We are going to go for a walk this weekend. →Are you going to go for a walk this weekend? ③I’m going to New York soon. →Who’s going to New York soon.
④My father is going to watch a match with me this afternoon. →What is your father going to do with you this afternoon? ⑤She’s going to go to bed at nine. →When is she going to bed?
四、be going to和will 区别
be going to和will 用法虽然都表示将来发生动作或情况,但它们用法是有区别。
1、be going to主要用于:
(1)表示事先经过考虑、安排好打算、计划要做事情。 E.g. What are you going to do today? 今天你们打算做什么? Dad and I are going to watch an opera this afternoon. 今天下午我和爸爸打算去看歌剧。
I’m going to play the violin. 我打算拉小提琴。
She’s going to play the piano. 她打算弹钢琴。
(2)表示根据目前某种迹象判断,某事非常有可能发生。
E.g. Look! There come the dark clouds. It is going to rain. 瞧!乌云密集,天要下雨。
7 / 9
I am afraid I am going to have a cold. 恐怕我要患重感冒。 2. will主要用于在以下几个方面:
(1)表示单纯未来“将要”通用各个人称。eg:
They will go to visit the factory tomorrow. 明天他们将去工厂参观。 I’ll come with Wang Bing, Liu Tao and Yang Ling. 我将和王兵、刘涛、杨玲一起来。
(2)表示不以人意志为转移自然发展未来事。eg: Today is Saturday. Tomorrow will be Sunday. 今天是星期六。明天是(将)是星期日。 He will be thirty years old this time next year. 明年这个时候他就(将)三十岁。
(3)问对方是否愿意做某事或表示客气地邀请或命令。eg: Will you please turn on the radio? 请打开收音机好吗? Will you go to the zoo with me? 你和我一起去动物园好吗? 五、一般将来是特殊用法:
1) be +不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生事。 We are to talk about the report next Saturday. 2) be about to +不定式,意为马上做某事。 He is about to leave for Beijing.
※注意:be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时时间状语连用。
3)有些表趋向性动词可用现在进行时表将来:例如:go,come,arrive,fly(飞往),reach(到达),stay,leave,start, die... 如:I’m going to go to the zoo this weekend.
8 / 9
= I’m going to the zoo this weekend.
He’s going to leave for Paris.= He’s leaving for Paris.
The old man is dying.=The old man will die. 这个老人要去世。 4)要注意“主将从现”这一语法现象:重要连词有: if (如果),as soon as (一....就...),when(当...时候),before,after,until(直到) not…until直到...才) , unless(=not...if 除非)...
If it rains, we won’t have a picnic next week. I’ll tell you the news as soon as you come back.
9 / 9
因篇幅问题不能全部显示,请点此查看更多更全内容
Copyright © 2019- jqkq.cn 版权所有 赣ICP备2024042794号-4
违法及侵权请联系:TEL:199 1889 7713 E-MAIL:2724546146@qq.com
本站由北京市万商天勤律师事务所王兴未律师提供法律服务